Unit 3 feudal europe
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During the 9th and 10th centuries, Western Europe experienced instability from invasions from groups like the Normans, Muslims, and Hungarians. To gain military support against these invaders, monarchs established a feudal system where nobles became vassals who swore loyalty and service. As part of this system, vassals performed an homage ceremony where they knelt before the king and promised to provide military and economic aid in exchange for land holdings.
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Unit 3 feudal europe
Feudalism emerged in Europe between the 9th and 10th centuries as a response to instability from invasions. Under this system, monarchs established relationships of vassalage where nobles pledged loyalty and military service in exchange for land holdings. Society was strictly stratified with nobility, clergy, and peasants. Peasants lived and worked on manorial estates, owing labor and taxes to lords in exchange for use of land. The Catholic Church was the dominant social and political institution, accumulating vast wealth and influencing all aspects of life.
Unit 3 feudal europe
Feudalism emerged in Europe between the 9th and 10th centuries as a response to instability from invasions. Under this system, monarchs established relationships of vassalage where nobles pledged loyalty and military service in exchange for land holdings. Society was strictly stratified with nobility, clergy, and peasants. Peasants lived and worked on manorial estates, owing labor and taxes to lords in exchange for use of land. The Catholic Church was the dominant social and political institution, accumulating vast wealth and influencing all aspects of life.
Unit 4 christian kingdoms
The three main kingdoms that emerged from the former Visigothic Kingdom were Asturias, Navarre, and the Carolingian Marca Hispánica. Asturias expanded under kings Alfonso I and II, with Oviedo becoming the capital. Over time, the kingdoms of Castile, Aragon, Catalonia, and Portugal broke off and solidified. Castile and Leon united repeatedly before forming the definitive Crown of Castile in 1230. The marriages of Petronilla of Aragon and Ramon Berenguer IV created the Crown of Aragon, while Navarre separated permanently from Aragon in 1134.
Unit 2 al andalus
1) The Umayyad Caliphate conquered the Iberian Peninsula in the early 8th century, establishing the state of Al-Andalus.
2) Al-Andalus flourished under the Caliphate of Córdoba in the 10th century but later fractured into multiple taifa kingdoms in the 11th century.
3) The Almoravids and Almohads temporarily unified the taifa kingdoms in the 11th-12th centuries before the last Muslim kingdom, Granada, fell to the Catholic Monarchs in 1492.
The Middle Ages: Feudalism
Here are the answers to the rewind-remind-quiz questions:
1. Monks and missionaries spread Christianity to northern Europe.
2. Charlemagne's Frankish Empire was similar to the Roman Empire in size, as it encompassed modern France, Germany, Italy and Spain. Charlemagne was also crowned Roman Emperor.
3. Feudalism and the manorial system developed as an economic and military response to invasions. Knights were given fiefs of land to farm in exchange for military service to lords.
4. Samurai were the warriors who served daimyo lords in medieval Japan, similar to how knights served noble lords in Europe.
Unit 1. Middle Ages: three civilisations
The document summarizes three major civilizations that occupied the territories of the former Roman Empire during the Middle Ages: the Byzantine, Western Christian, and Islamic civilizations. It provides details on the Byzantine Empire such as its capital in Constantinople, greatest expansion under Justinian I, and eventual fall to the Ottoman Turks in 1453. It also describes the establishment of Germanic kingdoms like the Franks and Visigoths following the fall of the Western Roman Empire. The Visigoth Kingdom of Toledo controlled most of the Iberian Peninsula until the Muslim conquest in 711. The rise of Islam in the 7th century under Muhammad is also briefly outlined.
6. S2013 Henry II and the Angevin Empire
The expansion of the dominion of Henry II with the foreseen breakup of that dominion through family feud. Acquisition of Ireland and homage of Wales and Scotland.
4. s2013 Law to Anarchy to Anjou
Henry I established new monasteries and fostered new monastic orders like the Cistercians. After his death, England was divided in its support for either Stephen or Empress Matilda in the succession dispute to the throne. The country descended into civil war from 1139-1153 as each side fought for control. Eventually, a peace treaty in 1153 recognized Henry, son of Matilda, as Stephen's heir, allowing Stephen to remain king for the rest of his life. Stephen's reign was seen as a time of disorder and lack of justice.
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Unit 3 feudal europe
Feudalism emerged in Europe between the 9th and 10th centuries as a response to instability from invasions. Under this system, monarchs established relationships of vassalage where nobles pledged loyalty and military service in exchange for land holdings. Society was strictly stratified with nobility, clergy, and peasants. Peasants lived and worked on manorial estates, owing labor and taxes to lords in exchange for use of land. The Catholic Church was the dominant social and political institution, accumulating vast wealth and influencing all aspects of life.
Unit 3 feudal europe
Feudalism emerged in Europe between the 9th and 10th centuries as a response to instability from invasions. Under this system, monarchs established relationships of vassalage where nobles pledged loyalty and military service in exchange for land holdings. Society was strictly stratified with nobility, clergy, and peasants. Peasants lived and worked on manorial estates, owing labor and taxes to lords in exchange for use of land. The Catholic Church was the dominant social and political institution, accumulating vast wealth and influencing all aspects of life.
Unit 4 christian kingdoms
The three main kingdoms that emerged from the former Visigothic Kingdom were Asturias, Navarre, and the Carolingian Marca Hispánica. Asturias expanded under kings Alfonso I and II, with Oviedo becoming the capital. Over time, the kingdoms of Castile, Aragon, Catalonia, and Portugal broke off and solidified. Castile and Leon united repeatedly before forming the definitive Crown of Castile in 1230. The marriages of Petronilla of Aragon and Ramon Berenguer IV created the Crown of Aragon, while Navarre separated permanently from Aragon in 1134.
Unit 2 al andalus
1) The Umayyad Caliphate conquered the Iberian Peninsula in the early 8th century, establishing the state of Al-Andalus.
2) Al-Andalus flourished under the Caliphate of Córdoba in the 10th century but later fractured into multiple taifa kingdoms in the 11th century.
3) The Almoravids and Almohads temporarily unified the taifa kingdoms in the 11th-12th centuries before the last Muslim kingdom, Granada, fell to the Catholic Monarchs in 1492.
The Middle Ages: Feudalism
Here are the answers to the rewind-remind-quiz questions:
1. Monks and missionaries spread Christianity to northern Europe.
2. Charlemagne's Frankish Empire was similar to the Roman Empire in size, as it encompassed modern France, Germany, Italy and Spain. Charlemagne was also crowned Roman Emperor.
3. Feudalism and the manorial system developed as an economic and military response to invasions. Knights were given fiefs of land to farm in exchange for military service to lords.
4. Samurai were the warriors who served daimyo lords in medieval Japan, similar to how knights served noble lords in Europe.
Unit 1. Middle Ages: three civilisations
The document summarizes three major civilizations that occupied the territories of the former Roman Empire during the Middle Ages: the Byzantine, Western Christian, and Islamic civilizations. It provides details on the Byzantine Empire such as its capital in Constantinople, greatest expansion under Justinian I, and eventual fall to the Ottoman Turks in 1453. It also describes the establishment of Germanic kingdoms like the Franks and Visigoths following the fall of the Western Roman Empire. The Visigoth Kingdom of Toledo controlled most of the Iberian Peninsula until the Muslim conquest in 711. The rise of Islam in the 7th century under Muhammad is also briefly outlined.
6. S2013 Henry II and the Angevin Empire
The expansion of the dominion of Henry II with the foreseen breakup of that dominion through family feud. Acquisition of Ireland and homage of Wales and Scotland.
4. s2013 Law to Anarchy to Anjou
Henry I established new monasteries and fostered new monastic orders like the Cistercians. After his death, England was divided in its support for either Stephen or Empress Matilda in the succession dispute to the throne. The country descended into civil war from 1139-1153 as each side fought for control. Eventually, a peace treaty in 1153 recognized Henry, son of Matilda, as Stephen's heir, allowing Stephen to remain king for the rest of his life. Stephen's reign was seen as a time of disorder and lack of justice.
Angevin Empire
Henry II maintained control over his vast and disparate territories through an energetic and centralized government. He ruled England, Normandy, Aquitaine, and other lands directly using officials he personally selected and monitored. In more peripheral regions, he allowed greater autonomy to barons as long as they remained loyal. Henry was constantly traveling between his territories to collect dues, dispense justice, and ensure stable administration in his absence through trusted deputies like justiciars and seneschals. His charismatic personality and attention to detail helped him effectively govern this sprawling empire.
Louis Xiv1
Louis XIV ruled France from 1643 to 1715 with the goal of achieving absolute power and control over the kingdom. He centralized authority by weakening the nobility, creating an efficient bureaucracy, and using spies to monitor all areas of society. Louis also imposed religious unity by revoking rights for Protestants and persecuting Jansenists. While his reign saw France's rise as a great power, his costly wars and insistence on absolute rule weakened the economy and alienated political groups.
Unit 3. Medieval Europe
The document provides information about Medieval Europe from the 11th to 15th centuries. It discusses the resurgence of cities during this period, including increased populations and agricultural productivity which led to commercial growth in cities. Urban society developed new social classes like the bourgeoisie and guilds organized craftsmen. Politically, the papacy and Holy Roman Empire held power while monarchies sought to limit feudal nobility and gain support from cities. The document then focuses on the Iberian Peninsula during this period, covering political situations, expansion through repopulation, and social/economic transformations from crisis and conflicts.
5. S2013 Henry, Becket and the Law
The reign of Henry II as he pursues the goals of ridding the land of adulterine (unauthorized) castles and criminous clerks. The attempt to separate secular and religious court systems runs into opposition from Becket.
Unit 3. Medieval Europe
The document summarizes Medieval Europe from the 11th to 15th centuries, with a focus on the Iberian Peninsula. It describes the resurgence of cities in the Late Middle Ages, driven by increased agricultural productivity and rural populations migrating to cities. Urban society developed new social classes like the bourgeoisie and guilds. Politically, monarchies worked to consolidate power while the papacy and Holy Roman Empire remained influential. The document then analyzes the Iberian Peninsula specifically, noting the kingdoms of Castile, Aragon, Navarre and Portugal dominated. Major events included the Reconquista against the Al-Andalus Islamic states and the union of Castile and Aragon through marriage of Is
Unit 4 christian kingdoms
The document summarizes the formation and consolidation of the early peninsular kingdoms in Iberia following the Muslim conquest. It describes how the Kingdom of Asturias was founded after Pelagius' victory at Covadonga in 722. It then expanded under kings Alfonso I and II into Galicia and Leon. The kingdom helped repopulate areas and became the Kingdom of Leon after the capital shifted to Leon. Other kingdoms like Castile, Aragon, Catalonia, Navarre and Portugal also formed from counties established along the border of Al-Andalus to continue the Reconquista. By the 13th century, the major Christian kingdoms had taken shape in Iberia through this process
Emerging Europe (Ch.9 Honors and Regular)
The document discusses the emergence of feudalism in Europe following the decline of the Western Roman Empire. Germanic tribes began invading Roman territory in the 3rd century, and by the 5th century former Roman lands were divided into several kingdoms ruled by Germanic kings. Feudalism developed between the 8th-10th centuries as people sought protection from invaders by turning to powerful landed nobles. This led to a system where knights and vassals pledged military service to lords in exchange for fiefs of land. Feudal relationships and obligations formed the basis of political and social organization throughout Europe in the Middle Ages.
His 101 chapter 8 the middle ages 800 1100 spring 2013
The document summarizes key events and developments in Western Europe between 800-1300 CE. It discusses the rise of powerful kings like Charlemagne and Otto I who consolidated power over western kingdoms. It also describes the Viking invasions during this period and the defenses organized by rulers like Alfred the Great. Additionally, it outlines cultural and economic changes like the development of towns, trade, universities, and guild systems during the Middle Ages.
LMA Notes & Pictures
The document summarizes key events in England, France, Spain, and Russia during the Late Middle Ages:
In England, this period was marked by the Norman Conquest in 1066, disputes over land with France, the signing of the Magna Carta, and the War of the Roses civil war. In France, the Capetian dynasty strengthened royal power around Paris while contending with England over territories. Spain saw the completion of the Reconquista by 1492 and the expulsion of religious minorities. In Russia, the Mongols invaded and ruled until the 1480s, while the Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually expanded its power.
Unit 3. Medieval Europe
The document summarizes the political, social, and economic developments in medieval Europe, particularly the Iberian Peninsula, between the 11th-15th centuries. Specifically:
1) Cities regained commercial importance as the rural population grew and agricultural productivity increased, providing surpluses to urban areas. Urban society developed new social classes like the bourgeoisie and guilds.
2) Political institutions like the papacy, Holy Roman Empire, and monarchies vied for power. Monarchs granted cities privileges to gain their support against the nobility.
3) The Iberian Peninsula saw the formation of Christian kingdoms like Aragon, Navarre, and Leon-Castille by the 11th century, which recon
Unit 2 al andalus
The document discusses the history of Al-Andalus from the Umayyad conquest in the 8th century through the fall of Granada in 1492. It covers the establishment and organization of the Islamic caliphates that ruled Al-Andalus, the rise and fall of Islamic dynasties like the Umayyads and Nasrids, and the Golden Age of the Caliphate of Córdoba in the 10th century. Key aspects of society, culture, architecture, and the economy during the Islamic period in Al-Andalus are also described.
UNIT 2. Feudalism
Feudalism developed in Western Europe from the 9th-10th centuries as a political, social, and economic system. Society was divided into hierarchies with the king at the top, followed by nobles who received land from the king in exchange for loyalty. Peasants, known as serfs, were bound to work the land and live on manors belonging to lords, who offered protection in return. Serfs had to follow the manorial system and pay taxes and labor services to their lords. Feudalism organized society into estates of nobility, clergy, and peasants, with nobility and clergy enjoying privileges over peasants. The feudal economic system was based on farming and livestock on manors worked by ser
Timeline of the War of Austrian Succession
The War of Austrian Succession was sparked in 1740 when Maria Theresa succeeded her father Charles VI as ruler of the Hapsburg empire, despite the Pragmatic Sanction that ensured her succession. Frederick II of Prussia invaded and took the wealthy territory of Silesia from Austria, starting the war. Over the following years, various European powers including France, Bavaria, Saxony, Britain, and eventually Russia allied with either Austria or Prussia and the borders of Central Europe were reshaped through several treaties. The 1748 Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle ended the war by confirming Prussian control of Silesia and making it a new European power, while Austria maintained the Prag
Second Invasions
Between 850-1100 CE, Europe experienced new invasions from Vikings, Magyars, and Saracens due to the decline of the Carolingian and Byzantine Empires. The Vikings originated from Scandinavia and first raided England and other parts of Europe for treasure before eventually conquering territories like England, founding kingdoms in Scandinavia, and establishing themselves in Normandy. They also engaged in trade along coastal regions. Meanwhile, the Magyars invaded from Asia and established the Kingdom of Hungary after raiding parts of Germany, Italy, and France. Additionally, Saracen pirates attacked Mediterranean coastal cities seeking treasure following the fall of the Carolingian Empire.
Henry vii's government - ways of control
Henry VII needed multiple ways to increase his control over the Tudor government. Remember to download if you wish to use it fully.
Main points about the Middle Ages
1. The Middle Ages period refers to 500-1500AD, spanning from the fall of the Western Roman Empire to the fall of the Byzantine Empire.
2. During this time, many Germanic tribes like the Angles, Saxons, Franks, and Vikings migrated throughout Europe, bringing their culture and values with them as they established kingdoms in places like Britain, France, and parts of eastern Europe.
3. A feudal system developed in Medieval Europe to allow kings to effectively rule their vast territories through a hierarchy of vassal relationships in which land was exchanged for military service and loyalty. At the same time, Christianity grew to become the dominant religion and major power across Europe.
Henry II and England
Henry II took decisive action to restore stability to England after the disorder and anarchy of Stephen's reign. He broke the power of overmighty barons by demolishing illegal castles and defeating barons in battle, forcing them to surrender castles. Henry also reasserted royal authority by reducing the power of earls, developing towns loyal to the crown, and appointing able men to offices rather than just those of noble birth. Through military success, financial reforms, and weakening the barons, Henry was able to strengthen royal authority and bring peace back to England.
The Visigoths
The document provides information about the history and society of the Visigoths in Spain from the 5th to early 8th century AD. It notes key events like the Visigoths defeating Attila the Hun in 451 AD, their expansion into Spain, and conquests of cities like Cordoba. It describes Visigothic kings like Reccared who converted the kingdom to Catholicism in 587 AD and Rodrigo who was the last Visigothic king before the Muslim invasion in 711 AD. The document also outlines the different social classes within Visigothic society, including the king, aristocracy, clergy, peasants, artisans, and slaves. Important architectural structures like churches, crypts, and cathed
Middle ages part 1
The Franks, led by King Clovis, came to dominate Northern Gaul in the 5th century. Clovis converted to Christianity, gaining the support of the Catholic Church. His successors founded the Merovingian dynasty. Over time, real power shifted to the Mayor of the Palace position, held by the Carolingians. Pepin the Short became the first Carolingian king in 751. His son Charlemagne expanded the Frankish kingdom into a vast empire encompassing much of Western Europe through conquest and alliance. After his death, internal divisions and Viking invasions contributed to the decline of his Carolingian Empire.
The History of Sicily
Over 3,000 years, Sicily has been influenced by many different civilizations and cultures. Prehistoric inhabitants first arrived around 10,000 BCE and began practicing agriculture by 8,000 BCE. A succession of groups including Phoenicians, Greeks, Carthaginians, Romans, Vandals, Byzantines, Muslims, Normans, Swabians, Angevins, Spanish, and Italians have all ruled the island at different points in its history, each leaving their mark on Sicilian culture, language, and way of life. Today, Sicily remains a distinct autonomous region of Italy with a long and rich history shaped by its strategic location at the center of the Mediterranean.
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Unidad 5 Geografía. 2º Bachillerato
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Angevin Empire
Henry II maintained control over his vast and disparate territories through an energetic and centralized government. He ruled England, Normandy, Aquitaine, and other lands directly using officials he personally selected and monitored. In more peripheral regions, he allowed greater autonomy to barons as long as they remained loyal. Henry was constantly traveling between his territories to collect dues, dispense justice, and ensure stable administration in his absence through trusted deputies like justiciars and seneschals. His charismatic personality and attention to detail helped him effectively govern this sprawling empire.
Louis Xiv1
Louis XIV ruled France from 1643 to 1715 with the goal of achieving absolute power and control over the kingdom. He centralized authority by weakening the nobility, creating an efficient bureaucracy, and using spies to monitor all areas of society. Louis also imposed religious unity by revoking rights for Protestants and persecuting Jansenists. While his reign saw France's rise as a great power, his costly wars and insistence on absolute rule weakened the economy and alienated political groups.
Unit 3. Medieval Europe
The document provides information about Medieval Europe from the 11th to 15th centuries. It discusses the resurgence of cities during this period, including increased populations and agricultural productivity which led to commercial growth in cities. Urban society developed new social classes like the bourgeoisie and guilds organized craftsmen. Politically, the papacy and Holy Roman Empire held power while monarchies sought to limit feudal nobility and gain support from cities. The document then focuses on the Iberian Peninsula during this period, covering political situations, expansion through repopulation, and social/economic transformations from crisis and conflicts.
5. S2013 Henry, Becket and the Law
The reign of Henry II as he pursues the goals of ridding the land of adulterine (unauthorized) castles and criminous clerks. The attempt to separate secular and religious court systems runs into opposition from Becket.
Unit 3. Medieval Europe
The document summarizes Medieval Europe from the 11th to 15th centuries, with a focus on the Iberian Peninsula. It describes the resurgence of cities in the Late Middle Ages, driven by increased agricultural productivity and rural populations migrating to cities. Urban society developed new social classes like the bourgeoisie and guilds. Politically, monarchies worked to consolidate power while the papacy and Holy Roman Empire remained influential. The document then analyzes the Iberian Peninsula specifically, noting the kingdoms of Castile, Aragon, Navarre and Portugal dominated. Major events included the Reconquista against the Al-Andalus Islamic states and the union of Castile and Aragon through marriage of Is
Unit 4 christian kingdoms
The document summarizes the formation and consolidation of the early peninsular kingdoms in Iberia following the Muslim conquest. It describes how the Kingdom of Asturias was founded after Pelagius' victory at Covadonga in 722. It then expanded under kings Alfonso I and II into Galicia and Leon. The kingdom helped repopulate areas and became the Kingdom of Leon after the capital shifted to Leon. Other kingdoms like Castile, Aragon, Catalonia, Navarre and Portugal also formed from counties established along the border of Al-Andalus to continue the Reconquista. By the 13th century, the major Christian kingdoms had taken shape in Iberia through this process
Emerging Europe (Ch.9 Honors and Regular)
The document discusses the emergence of feudalism in Europe following the decline of the Western Roman Empire. Germanic tribes began invading Roman territory in the 3rd century, and by the 5th century former Roman lands were divided into several kingdoms ruled by Germanic kings. Feudalism developed between the 8th-10th centuries as people sought protection from invaders by turning to powerful landed nobles. This led to a system where knights and vassals pledged military service to lords in exchange for fiefs of land. Feudal relationships and obligations formed the basis of political and social organization throughout Europe in the Middle Ages.
His 101 chapter 8 the middle ages 800 1100 spring 2013
The document summarizes key events and developments in Western Europe between 800-1300 CE. It discusses the rise of powerful kings like Charlemagne and Otto I who consolidated power over western kingdoms. It also describes the Viking invasions during this period and the defenses organized by rulers like Alfred the Great. Additionally, it outlines cultural and economic changes like the development of towns, trade, universities, and guild systems during the Middle Ages.
LMA Notes & Pictures
The document summarizes key events in England, France, Spain, and Russia during the Late Middle Ages:
In England, this period was marked by the Norman Conquest in 1066, disputes over land with France, the signing of the Magna Carta, and the War of the Roses civil war. In France, the Capetian dynasty strengthened royal power around Paris while contending with England over territories. Spain saw the completion of the Reconquista by 1492 and the expulsion of religious minorities. In Russia, the Mongols invaded and ruled until the 1480s, while the Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually expanded its power.
Unit 3. Medieval Europe
The document summarizes the political, social, and economic developments in medieval Europe, particularly the Iberian Peninsula, between the 11th-15th centuries. Specifically:
1) Cities regained commercial importance as the rural population grew and agricultural productivity increased, providing surpluses to urban areas. Urban society developed new social classes like the bourgeoisie and guilds.
2) Political institutions like the papacy, Holy Roman Empire, and monarchies vied for power. Monarchs granted cities privileges to gain their support against the nobility.
3) The Iberian Peninsula saw the formation of Christian kingdoms like Aragon, Navarre, and Leon-Castille by the 11th century, which recon
Unit 2 al andalus
The document discusses the history of Al-Andalus from the Umayyad conquest in the 8th century through the fall of Granada in 1492. It covers the establishment and organization of the Islamic caliphates that ruled Al-Andalus, the rise and fall of Islamic dynasties like the Umayyads and Nasrids, and the Golden Age of the Caliphate of Córdoba in the 10th century. Key aspects of society, culture, architecture, and the economy during the Islamic period in Al-Andalus are also described.
UNIT 2. Feudalism
Feudalism developed in Western Europe from the 9th-10th centuries as a political, social, and economic system. Society was divided into hierarchies with the king at the top, followed by nobles who received land from the king in exchange for loyalty. Peasants, known as serfs, were bound to work the land and live on manors belonging to lords, who offered protection in return. Serfs had to follow the manorial system and pay taxes and labor services to their lords. Feudalism organized society into estates of nobility, clergy, and peasants, with nobility and clergy enjoying privileges over peasants. The feudal economic system was based on farming and livestock on manors worked by ser
Timeline of the War of Austrian Succession
The War of Austrian Succession was sparked in 1740 when Maria Theresa succeeded her father Charles VI as ruler of the Hapsburg empire, despite the Pragmatic Sanction that ensured her succession. Frederick II of Prussia invaded and took the wealthy territory of Silesia from Austria, starting the war. Over the following years, various European powers including France, Bavaria, Saxony, Britain, and eventually Russia allied with either Austria or Prussia and the borders of Central Europe were reshaped through several treaties. The 1748 Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle ended the war by confirming Prussian control of Silesia and making it a new European power, while Austria maintained the Prag
Second Invasions
Between 850-1100 CE, Europe experienced new invasions from Vikings, Magyars, and Saracens due to the decline of the Carolingian and Byzantine Empires. The Vikings originated from Scandinavia and first raided England and other parts of Europe for treasure before eventually conquering territories like England, founding kingdoms in Scandinavia, and establishing themselves in Normandy. They also engaged in trade along coastal regions. Meanwhile, the Magyars invaded from Asia and established the Kingdom of Hungary after raiding parts of Germany, Italy, and France. Additionally, Saracen pirates attacked Mediterranean coastal cities seeking treasure following the fall of the Carolingian Empire.
Henry vii's government - ways of control
Henry VII needed multiple ways to increase his control over the Tudor government. Remember to download if you wish to use it fully.
Main points about the Middle Ages
1. The Middle Ages period refers to 500-1500AD, spanning from the fall of the Western Roman Empire to the fall of the Byzantine Empire.
2. During this time, many Germanic tribes like the Angles, Saxons, Franks, and Vikings migrated throughout Europe, bringing their culture and values with them as they established kingdoms in places like Britain, France, and parts of eastern Europe.
3. A feudal system developed in Medieval Europe to allow kings to effectively rule their vast territories through a hierarchy of vassal relationships in which land was exchanged for military service and loyalty. At the same time, Christianity grew to become the dominant religion and major power across Europe.
Henry II and England
Henry II took decisive action to restore stability to England after the disorder and anarchy of Stephen's reign. He broke the power of overmighty barons by demolishing illegal castles and defeating barons in battle, forcing them to surrender castles. Henry also reasserted royal authority by reducing the power of earls, developing towns loyal to the crown, and appointing able men to offices rather than just those of noble birth. Through military success, financial reforms, and weakening the barons, Henry was able to strengthen royal authority and bring peace back to England.
The Visigoths
The document provides information about the history and society of the Visigoths in Spain from the 5th to early 8th century AD. It notes key events like the Visigoths defeating Attila the Hun in 451 AD, their expansion into Spain, and conquests of cities like Cordoba. It describes Visigothic kings like Reccared who converted the kingdom to Catholicism in 587 AD and Rodrigo who was the last Visigothic king before the Muslim invasion in 711 AD. The document also outlines the different social classes within Visigothic society, including the king, aristocracy, clergy, peasants, artisans, and slaves. Important architectural structures like churches, crypts, and cathed
Middle ages part 1
The Franks, led by King Clovis, came to dominate Northern Gaul in the 5th century. Clovis converted to Christianity, gaining the support of the Catholic Church. His successors founded the Merovingian dynasty. Over time, real power shifted to the Mayor of the Palace position, held by the Carolingians. Pepin the Short became the first Carolingian king in 751. His son Charlemagne expanded the Frankish kingdom into a vast empire encompassing much of Western Europe through conquest and alliance. After his death, internal divisions and Viking invasions contributed to the decline of his Carolingian Empire.
The History of Sicily
Over 3,000 years, Sicily has been influenced by many different civilizations and cultures. Prehistoric inhabitants first arrived around 10,000 BCE and began practicing agriculture by 8,000 BCE. A succession of groups including Phoenicians, Greeks, Carthaginians, Romans, Vandals, Byzantines, Muslims, Normans, Swabians, Angevins, Spanish, and Italians have all ruled the island at different points in its history, each leaving their mark on Sicilian culture, language, and way of life. Today, Sicily remains a distinct autonomous region of Italy with a long and rich history shaped by its strategic location at the center of the Mediterranean.
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His 101 chapter 8 the middle ages 800 1100 spring 2013
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Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
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Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
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Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
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www.StokeNewingtonHistory.com
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
BBR 2024 Summer Sessions Interview Training
Qualitative research interview training by Professor Katrina Pritchard and Dr Helen Williams
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) Curriculum
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Solutons Maths Escape Room Spatial .pptx
Solutions of Puzzles of Mathematics Escape Room Game in Spatial.io
Wound healing PPT
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Unit 3 feudal europe
- 1. UNIT 3 FEUDAL EUROPE
- 2. A period of instability • Centuries 9th and 10th:Invasions in western Europe • Form North the Normands (Vikings) • From the South Muslims (Saracens) • From East Hungarians (Magyars)
- 3. Feudalism and vassalage • Monarchs relied on the nobles for support and established a system of relationships called vassalage.
- 4. • The homage and investiture: • Homage: The vassal knelt before the King and promised to be loyal and provide him with military and economic help. • Investitures: The King gave a fiefdom to a vassal.
- 5. Theatre activity • In groups of four represent the vassalage ceremony: • Make a short script with the dialogs between kings and vassals. • This sentence will be compulsory for the vassal "I promise on my faith that I will in the future be faithful to the lord, never cause him harm and will observe my homage to him completely against all persons in good faith and without deceit.“ • This compulsory for the king: “the lord/king promised to always protect the vassal, while the vassal promised to fight for the lord’s command” • The dress will be valued. • http://www.thefinertimes.com/Middle-Ages/vassals-in-the-middle-ages.html