Verbs are words that express actions or link subjects to adjectives or nouns. There are tests to identify verbs and determine if they are transitive, intransitive, or linking verbs. Transitive verbs act upon a direct object, while intransitive verbs do not take direct objects. Linking verbs link subjects to adjectives or nouns but do not act on anything. Phrasal verbs are combinations of verbs and other words that have a meaning different from the verb alone.

1. Verbs What are verbs ? Verbs are words that usually express an action. Examples: run , talk , eat , laugh But… Do all verbs express actions? Consider: Sleep , die , be . So what tests are there for identifying a verb?

2. How can we identify a verb ? If a word can appear here _______ , it’s a verb : 1. Should _________ Examples: should be ; should think ; should ask 2. To _________ Examples: to believe ; to wonder ; to have 3. Will _________ Examples: will ask ; will smile ; will rest

3. Which of the following words are verbs ? (use the tests to determine!) Go Stand Coffee Disagree Under Badly Still Sit Seat Climb Beautiful Plant Question Store

4. Are these words verbs ? Eating Drank Slept Throws Studying Written Wore Seen Am Wanted Had

5. How can we make these verbs pass our tests? Eating Drank Slept Throws Studying Written Wore Seen Am Wanted Had Eat Drink Sleep Throw Study Write Wear See Be Want have

6. How can we make these verbs pass our tests? Eat Drink Sleep Throw Study Write Wear See Be Want have The Verb Base / The Infinitive Form

7. The forms of the irregular verb “be”: Be; Am ; is ; are ; was ; were ; being ; been The forms of the verb “walk”: Walk ; walks ; walked ; walking The forms of the irregular verb “eat”: Eat ; eats ; ate ; eating ; eaten The forms of the irregular verb “have”: Have ; has ; had ; having

8. Identify the verbs and put them in their base form: We met in the restaurant. He is hungry. They had written a letter. We have been going there every day. They were thinking of flying to Italy. Studying math is hard. She thought that she wasn’t thirsty. He believes that God exists. They have been sleeping outside for a week. We loved watching that show.

9. Homework Verbs: 7.1 – 7.2 The verb base: 8.1 – 8.3

10. Come up with 3-5 verbs that cannot appear in each of the following sentences: 1. John __________ her / it. 2. John ___________ .

11. What kind of verbs cannot appear here, and why? 1. John __________ her / it. Died Laughed Smiled Wept Went Arrived Lied Sat Slept Intransitive Verbs

12. Intransitive Verbs CANNOT be followed by a noun (phrase): 1. *John died Mary . 2. *The boy laughed Bill . 3. *A nice teacher smiles students . 4. *Politicians lie voters .

13. What kind of verbs cannot appear here, and why? 2. John ___________ . Bought Kissed Sold Noticed Touched Believed Shoved Corrected Transitive Verbs

14. Transitive Verbs must be followed by something , typically a noun (phrase). - Otherwise the sentence would be incomplete : *John sold . *They corrected . *He shoved . *The boy hit . 5. John sold a car 6. They corrected him 7. He shoved her 8. The boy hit his sister

15. If a verb can appear here _________ it is Transitive : 1(a) He/It _________ someone/something. If a verb can appear here ___________ it is Intransitive : 1(b) He/It ____________ . Tests for Transitivity of a verb :

16. Are these verbs transitive or intransitive? Whisper Yell Shout Complain Burp Kick The wind blew hard. The movie ended . John whispered. She yelled “hey”. He shouted all day. They like complaining. Mom burped the baby. The baby kicked.

17. Are these verbs transitive, intransitive or both? Use the tests to determine!! Eat Drink Run Sing Read Study

18. Blow Open Close Leave Spoil Break Cook Play Are these verbs transitive, intransitive or both? Use the tests to determine!!

19. Linking Verbs Linking verbs are verbs that link the subject of the sentence to an adjective or a noun (phrase). Examples: 1. The food tastes excellent . 2. John is a teacher . 3. Plato was a philosopher . 4. Sharon sounds sick . 5. John seems happy . Linking Verbs

20. Are Linking Verbs also Transitive? Recall that a transitive verb must be followed by something, typically a noun (phrase). Let’s put the linking verb “ be ” to the test: 1. *He is . 2. He is a student at QC. However, linking verbs are DIFFERENT from transitive verbs

21. Transitive verbs VS. Linking verbs Transitive verbs CANNOT be followed by just an adjective : *John sold smart. *Mary hugged thirsty. Linking verbs may be followed by just an adjective : 3. John is smart . 4. Mary feels thirsty .

22. Transitive verbs VS. Linking verbs – Test John kissed Mary. The boy ate soup. Jane sold her car. Bill bought a piano. John is a student. The boy seems smart. Jane sounds nice. Bill appears hungry. What happened to Mary? What happened to the soup? What happened to her car? What happened to the piano? *What happened to a student? *What happened to smart? *What happened to nice? *What happened to hungry?

23. He wrote a book. She kissed him. The flowers smelled nice. This food tasted great. What did he write ? Who did she kiss ? *What did the flowers smell ? *What did the food taste ? Another TEST for transitivity of a verb Transitive verbs are verbs that ACT upon something , namely their Direct Object . The direct object answers to the questions: What? or Who? ( linking verbs simply do not act on anything!! )

24. a. Katie dropped her notebook. b. Katie dropped off the files at the office. a. Sam took the car. b. Same took off his glasses. Phrasal Verbs

25. Phrasal Verbs a. John looked at Marry. b. John looked up a word in the dictionary. a. Steve asked a question. b. Steve asked for a raise. a. Jane caught a big fish. b. Jane caught up to the rest of the class. a. Katie dropped her notebook. b. Katie dropped off the files at the office. a. Sam took the car. b. Same took off his glasses.

26. Phrasal Verbs If a verb + another word have a different meaning from just the verb by itself, then the verb + the word form a Phrasal Verb Examples: ask out ; call off ; calm down ; check in ; chip in ; count on ; fall apart ; get up ; get over ; hang out ; pass away ; put off ; take off ; turn off ; work out ; break in ; watch out ; break up ; drop by ; etc.

27. Phrasal Verbs Sometimes the two words that make up a phrasal verb don’t appear next to each other: Examples : John looked the word up . Jane took the decorations off . Steve made it up .

28. Phrasal Verbs Challenge Question: Does a phrasal verb always have a different meaning from that of the same verb , but by itself?

29. Homework: All the exercises in lesson 11.

30. Verbs – Review What tests are there for identifying verbs? What test identifies transitive verbs? What test identifies intransitive verbs? What is the function of linking verbs?

31. Verbs - Review Put the verbs below in their base form : 1. wore 2. searches 3. took 4. bitten 5. wandered 6. thinking 7. retires 8. brought 9. hung 10. were

32. Are the verbs in these sentences linking verbs or action verbs? 1. Getting a cab during rush hour proved difficult. 2. Children ask the most innocent questions. 3. His Moroccan trip was beyond expectation. 4. After work, his father baked an apple pie. 5. George felt wonderful after his workout.

33. Are the verbs in these sentences linking verbs or action verbs? 6. Sally became a famous actress. 7. By 11 P.M. he gets tired. 8. Our neighbor got a ticket for speeding. 9. Kerry often thinks of her grandmother. 10. I feel your pain.

34. Are these verbs transitive or intransitive? Make up sentences to determine! 1. skip 2. wash 3. furnish 4. raise 5. disappear 6. ring 7. call 8. print 9. sneeze 10. annoy

35. What is the phrasal verb in the following sentences? 1. They tore the stadium down. 2. They boarded the windows up before the hurricane. 3. He looked the origin of this word up in the dictionary. 4. I dropped the kids off at school.