In English grammar, the verb is the most essential part of a sentence. A verb expresses an action, occurrence, or state of being. Without verbs, sentences lose meaning and clarity. This presentation, “Verb and Its Types: Definition, Rules, Examples, and Usage in English Grammar”, is designed to give learners, teachers, and grammar enthusiasts a complete understanding of verbs, their functions, classifications, and how to use them correctly in everyday communication. Understanding verbs and their types is crucial for improving writing, speaking, and comprehension skills. Whether you are a student preparing for exams, an English learner aiming for fluency, or a teacher creating lesson plans, this PPT provides clear explanations, real-life examples, and easy-to-follow grammar rules. 1. Definition of a Verb A verb is a word that describes an action (run, jump, write), an event (happen, occur), or a state of being (is, am, are). Verbs act as the backbone of a sentence, connecting the subject to the rest of the sentence. Example: She runs every morning. They are happy. 2. Main Functions of Verbs Verbs perform several important roles in English grammar: Express physical actions: eat, play, dance Express mental actions: think, believe, imagine Show states of being: is, seem, appear Indicate time through verb tenses Make sentences grammatically correct 3. Classification of Verbs A. Action Verbs Show physical or mental actions. Example: Physical: The cat jumps on the table. Mental: She thinks about her future. B. Linking Verbs Connect the subject to a word or phrase that describes it. Examples: is, am, are, was, were, seem, become. Example: He is a doctor. C. Auxiliary (Helping) Verbs Help the main verb form a tense, mood, or voice. Examples: is, am, are, have, will, can, should. Example: She has finished her homework. 4. Types of Verbs with Examples 1. Transitive Verbs Require a direct object to complete the meaning. Example: She reads a book. 2. Intransitive Verbs Do not require a direct object. Example: He sleeps peacefully. 3. Regular Verbs Follow a fixed pattern in past tense (-ed ending). Example: play → played → played. 4. Irregular Verbs Do not follow the regular pattern. Example: go → went → gone. 5. Modal Verbs Express necessity, possibility, or ability. Examples: can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would. 6. Stative Verbs Describe a state rather than an action. Example: love, believe, know. 7. Dynamic Verbs Show actions that can be started and stopped. Example: run, write, talk. 8. Finite Verbs Change according to the subject or tense. Example: She writes letters every day. 9. Non-Finite Verbs Do not change according to the subject or tense. Example: Writing letters is her hobby. 5. Verb Forms in English Every verb can appear in different forms: Base Form: write, eat, go Past Simple: wrote, ate, went Past Participle: written, eaten, gone Present Participle: writing, eating, going 6. Ver

1. Verbs

2. What is a verb?
• A verb is one of the main parts of a sentence or question in
English.
In fact, you can’t have a sentence or a question without a
verb! That’s how important these “action” parts of speech
are.
• The verb signals an action, an occurrence, or a state of
being. Whether mental, physical, or mechanical, verbs
always express activity.

3. Physical Verbs – Definition and Examples
• Physical verbs are action verbs. They describe specific
physical actions. If you can create a motion with your body
or use a tool to complete an action, the word you use to
describe it is most likely a physical verb.
• Physical Verb Examples
• The physical verb examples in the following sentences are
in bold for easy identification.
• Let’s run to the corner and back.
• I hear the train coming.
• Call me when you’re finished with class.

4. Mental Verbs – Definition and Examples
• Mental verbs have meanings that are related to concepts
such as discovering, understanding, thinking, or planning.
In general, a mental verb refers to a cognitive state.

5. • Mental Verb Examples
• The mental verb examples in the following sentences are in
bold for easy identification.
• I know the answer.
• She recognized me from across the room.
• Do you believe everything people tell you?

6. States of Being Verbs – Definition and
Examples
• Also known as linking verbs, state of being verbs describe
conditions or situations that exist. State of being verbs are
inactive since no action is being performed.

7. • States of Being Verb Examples
• The state of being verbs in the following sentences are in
bold for easy identification.
• I am a student.
• We are circus performers.
• https://www.gingersoftware.com/content/grammar-rules/
verbs/

8. Classes of verb
• There are 2 classes of verbs
• Ordinary verb/ main verb/ lexical verb
• Auxiliary verbs

9. Ordinary verb
1. Transitive verb
2. Intransitive verb
3. Phrasal verb
4. Non-Progressive verb

10. Transitive Verbs
• Transitive verbs always receive a direct object: e.g.
1. Richard annoys his boss so much that he’ll never get a
promotion.
(His boss is the direct object of annoys and a
promotion is the direct object of get)
2. Jenna brings Mrs. Smith lunch every day.
(Mrs. Smith is the direct object of brings. Jenna is the
subject

11. • Here’s a list of some common transitive verbs that must be followed by a direct object:
• bring
• send
• owe
• contain
• buy
• show
• take
• tell
• verify
• check
• get
• wash
• finalize
• annoy
• lay
• lend
• offer
• edit
• make
• phone

12. Kinds of transitive verbs
1. Mono transitive
2. Di transitive
3. Complex transitive
4. Pseudo transitive

13. Mono transitive
• Monotransitive verbs are a subcategory of transitive verbs
that take only one object: a direct object.

14. • Some common monotransitive English verbs include the following:
• accomplish
• achieve
• address
• begin
• bother
• continue
• create
• damage
• end
• favor
• fear
• finish
• hate
• like
• loathe
• love
• maintain
• prefer
• start

15. • She has accomplished her dreams.
• The President will address the students at noon.
• My dog fears thunderstorms and whistles.
• The referee ended the game due to the weather.
• He finally finished his thesis.
• https://parentingpatch.com/monotransitive-english-verbs/

16. Ditransitive Verbs
• Ditransitive verbs are English verbs that take both direct
objects and indirect objects. Some common ditransitive
verbs in English include:
• bring
• buy
• catch
• give
• pass
• trade

17. • For example:
• Maureen gave Dan the pencil.
• My husband bought me some flowers.
• The police caught themselves a criminal.
• Please pass me the rice.
• She showed the doctor her rash.
• I lent him some money.
• https://parentingpatch.com/english-verbs-copular-intransitive-
transitive-ditransitive-ambitransitive/

18. Complex Transitive Verb
• In English grammar, a complex transitive is a verb that
requires both a direct objectand another object or an
object complement.
• In a complex-transitive construction, the object
complement identifies a quality or attribute pertaining to
the direct object.

19. • Complex transitive verbs in English include believe, consider,
declare, elect, find, judge, keep, know, label, make, name,
presume, pronounce, prove, rate, regard, and think.

20. • The adjective or noun phrase that qualifies or renames the
object that appears before it is sometimes called an object
predicate or object predicative.
• Examples
• The judge declared the man guilty on two counts.
• This man had made her happy.
• Men have called me mad.
• Martin J. Endley, Linguistic Perspectives on English Grammar: A
Guide for EFL Teachers. IAP, 2010
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kweZRGQNcfY

21. Pseudo transitive Verbs
• Verbs that takes object, but can not be used in passive voice
are called Pseudo T. verbs
• Verbs like: Have, Fit and suit.
• I have a car.
• The dress fits you.
• It suits you.

22. Intransitive Verbs
• Intransitive verbs do not need a direct object in order to
complete their meaning. Many are followed by an adjective,
adverb, preposition or verb complement (gerund or
infinitive).

23. • Here is a list of common intransitive verbs:
• come
• explode
• laugh
• sit
• rise
• excel
• respond
• run
• cough
• swim
• emigrate
• smile
• act
• cry
• immigrate
• lie
• arrive
• continue
• die
• go

24. 1. If Cathy continues to be late for work, the boss will fire her.
(Continues is followed by an infinitive (to be), with no direct
object.)
2. The bomb exploded in the city center.
(Exploded is followed by a preposition of place with no
direct object.)

25. Phrasal Verbs
• A phrasal verb is a combination of words (a verb + a
preposition or verb +adverb) that when used together,
usually take on a different meaning to that of the original
verb.

26. Phrasal Verb Examples
• break down, check in, tear up
• Ella tore up the letter after she read it.
• Their car broke down two miles out of town.
• Did the manager deal with that customer’s complaint.

27. 1. Be sure to put on a life jacket before getting into the boat.
2. We left out the trash for pickup.
3. It’s time to get on the plane.
4. What will she think up next?
5. I’m having some trouble working out the solution to this
equation.
6. We’re going to have to put off our vacation until next year.
7. Stand up when speaking in class, please.
8. We’ll have to wake up early if we want breakfast.
9. Take off your shoes before you walk on the carpet.
10. My dog likes to break out of his kennel to chase squirrels

28. kinds of phrasal verbs
• Separable and non-separable phrasal verbs
• We set off for the beach. (NOT We set for the beach off.)
• He fell off the ladder. (NOT He fell the ladder off.)

29. • I picked up the baby. OR I picked the baby up.
• She switched off the light. OR She switched the light off.
• http://www.studyandexam.com/types-of-phrasal-verb.html

30. non-progressive verbs
• Some verbs are not used in progressive forms.
• I love you. (NOT I am loving you.)
• I like this color. (NOT I am liking this color.)
• I rang her up because I wanted to speak. (NOT I rang her
up because I was wanting to speak.)

31. • Many of these non-progressive verbs refer to states rather
than actions.
• Common non-progressive verbs
• Here is a list of some common verbs which are not often used
in progressive forms.
• Believe, doubt, feel, imagine, know, dislike, love, hate, prefer,
realize, recognize, remember, see, suppose, think, understand,
want, wish, appear, hear, look, see, seem, smell, sound, taste,
agree, deny, astonish, disagree, impress, mean, please, promise,
satisfy, surprise, belong, concern, consist, depend, fit, involve, lack,
matter, need, owe, own, possess, weigh etc.

32. • Notes
• Feel does not have a progressive form when it means ‘have an
opinion’.
• I feel you are making a mistake. (NOT I am feeling you are
making a mistake.)
• See does not have a progressive form when it means
‘understand’.
• I see what you mean. (NOT I am seeing what you mean.)

33. • Look does not have a progressive form when it means ‘seem’.
• She looks like she is rich. (NOT She is looking like she is rich.)
• Weigh does not have a progressive form when it means ‘have
weight’.
• He weighs 70 kilos. (NOT He is weighing 70 kilos.)

34. 2. Auxiliary verbs
• An auxiliary verb helps other to form different tenses.
• There are Three Kinds of Auxiliary verbs.
1. Primary auxiliary
(a)To be auxiliary
(b) To Do auxiliary
(c) To have auxiliary

35. 2. Modal Auxiliaries:
Verbs used to express various moods and mental attitudes like
hope, expectation, possibilities, advice etc
3. Semi Model Auxiliaries verb:
Verbs that shares some the characteristics of model auxiliaries
and semi auxiliaries.
(a) Dare
(b) Need
(c) Used to
(d) Have to

36. Dare
• Dare+verb: You dare.
• Dare+not+ verb: You dare not smoke.
• Dare+noun/pronoun+verb: Dare you some before your
father ?

37. Need
• Need+verb: He need study
• Need+not+verb: you need not fill in the form.
• Need+N/P+Verb: Need I call you ?

38. • Used to: past actions/habits
• Have to: mild obligation.