Hospital Definition, Classification of hospital- Primary, Secondary and Tertiary hospitals, Classification based on clinical and non- clinical basis, Organization Structure of a Hospital

1. Unit-1 Hospital and
it’s organization
Ravinandan A P
Doctoral Research Scholar
&
Assistant Professor & Clinical Pharmacist
Sree Siddaganga College of Pharmacy
In association with
Siddaganga Hospital & Research Centre
Tumkur-02

2. Presentation outlines.
1. Definition
2. Classification of hospital- Primary, Secondary and
Tertiary hospitals
3. Classification based on clinical and non- clinical basis
4. Organization Structure of a Hospital

3. Learning Objectives
Upon completion of the chapter, the student shall be able to –
Write the definition of hospital
Describe the various classifications of hospitals and functions
Explain the Structure of a Hospital
List out the medical staffs involved in the hospital
Describe the functions of medical staffs in the hospital

4. Introduction
• Serving as a place for the treatment for sick and injured
• Research laboratory
• Education institution – Teaching & Training
• Major employer with in the community
• City with in the city- OT, Hotel, Dormitory, Dieticians, technicians, pharmacy,
laboratories, laundry, delivery services, post office, bank, blood bank, Public
relationship office, HR department. Security and reception.

5. Definition - HOSPITAL
• The hospital is a complex organization and an institute which
provides total healthcare to people through complicated and
sophisticated but specialized scientific equipment's, and a
team of trained, qualified staff and their supportive staff
educated in the problems of modern medical science.

6. •A hospital can be defined as “a complex
organization or an institution which offers health
and wellbeing of the people through diagnosis,
treatment, prevention, rehabilitation, and cure
by a team of qualified staff and provides the
facilities for education and research”.

7. Goal of Hospital
• The common goal is to restore and maintained good
health of the people who comes in hospital for their
relief from pain, sufferings and diseases

8. Functions of Hospital
1. To uplift of law and general standards of medical practice
2. To provide facilities and guidance, by which persons can work in group, with the intention
of hospital department, patient and community.
3. To reduce disease occurrence by early diagnosis and treatment
4. To estimate needs for facilities, supplies and equipment's, and their utilization for
evaluation, control and maintenance
5. To estimate departmental necessities.
6. To increase the quality & standards of medical practices
7. To provide facilities for education & research.

9. Functions of Hospital
• Diagnosis and testing
• Treatment and therapy
• Patient processing
• Public health and wellness
• Preventive health initiatives
• Training health care professionals
• Conducting research
•Preventive
•Curative
•Training
•Research

10. Classifications of hospitals
• Hospitals can be classified in number of ways
I. On clinical basis-
1. Maternity hospital: Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Antenatal and Postnatal
2. Surgical Hospital:
• Gynaecological – related to female reproductive system
• Orthopaedic – surgery related to bone fracture
• Oto laryngology – related to ear, nose and throat
• Cardiothoracic – related to heart and lung
• General surgery – surgery of any kind
• Neurological – surgery related to brain and spinal cord

11. 3. Medicine: these are general purpose hospitals that provide treatment than mentioned
above.
• General hospital: Ex: General Hospital – Madhugiri, Koratagere, Kunigal etc.
• Paediatric hospital : Ex: Vignesh Children Hospital- Tumkur, Rainbow Children’s Hospital-
Bangalore
• Communicable disease hospital: ExSDS Tuberculosis Research Center & Rajiv Gandhi
Institute of Chest Diseases - Bangalore
• Mental hospital or Psychiatric hospital Ex: National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro-
Sciences - Bengaluru
• Drug – addiction and de- addiction hospital : Ex: Art of Living De-Addiction Center -
Bengaluru, ACHRD Integrated Drug Rehabilitation Centre - Tumkur
• Dental hospital : Ex: Shree Siddartha Dental College Hospital in Agala Kote, Tumkur
• Cancer hospital Ex: Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology – Bangalore, HCG Cancer
Hospital- Bangalore
• Kidney hospital Ex: CG Kidney Care and Dialysis Centre – Tumkur, Hitech Kidney Stone
Hospital - Bangalore
• Eye hospital Ex: Akshara Eye Foundation - Tumkur, Narayana Nethralaya Eye Hospital
– Bangalore

12. II . Based on Length of Stay
• Short-term or short-stay hospitals (Stay less than 30 days) : (acute)
• Long-term or long-stay hospitals: (Stay more than 30 days) : ( Chronic)
III. Depending on Type of Medical Staff
• Open Staff Hospital: Open medical staff, which means any physician can
request to practice at the facility, regardless of their hospital affiliation.
• Close Staff Hospital: A closed hospital system is one in which all doctors
are on staff, and also doctors that aren't on staff may not have admission
or freedoms at said hospital.

13. IV. Based on Objective
a. General hospitals: ex: District Hospital -Tumkur
b. Special hospitals: Ex: Sparsh Hospital – Bangalore,
c. Teaching cum Research Hospital: KIMS - Bangalore, Shredevi Hospital – Tumkur, Sree
Siddhartha Hospital - Tumkur
V. Accreditation Basis:
• Accredited Hospital: Apollo, BGS Global Hospital, Vikram Hospital- Bangalore, Siddaganga
Hospital and Research centre Tumkur.
• Non- Accredited Hospital: Adithya Hospital, Aruna Hospital Tumkur.

14. VI. System of Medicine
• Allopathic system of medicine: Siddaganga Hospital, Adithya Hospital
• Ayurvedic system of medicine: Ex: Ashwini Ayurvedic Hospital – Tumkur
• Homeopathic system of medicine: Ex: HMS Homeopathic Hospital - Tumkur
• Unani system of medicine: Ex: HMS Unani Medical College & Hospital, Tumkur
• Naturopathy system of medicine: Jindal Nature cure Institute, Bangalore

15. VII. Based on Administration, ownership, control or
financial income
• Governmental or public: District Hospital -Tumkur Public Health Hospital, civil
hospital, Military hospital, District Hospital, Taluk Hospital, KG General Hospital
• Non-governmental or private: Adithya Hospital, Aruna Hospital - Tumkur
• Semi Govt Hospital: Hospitals run both by the govt and private entity.
Ex: Jayanagar General Hospital and Bowring and Lady Curzon Hospital - Bangalore
• Voluntary Agency Hospitals:

16. VIII. Teaching Basis
• Teaching Hospital: AIIMS, Siddhartha Hospital- Tumkur,
Shredevi Hospital - Tumkur, Adhichunchanagiri Hospital- BG
Nagar, MS Ramaiah Hospital -Bangalore
• Non- teaching Hospital: Adithya Hospital - Tumkur, THS
Hospital- Tumkur

17. IX. Level of care
• Primary care hospital: Primary health centre (PHC) PHC Sira Gate,
PHC – Kothithoppu, Tumkur
• Secondary care hospital: District hospital, Tumkur, community
health centres
• Tertiary care hospital: Teaching conducted for Medical, Nursing,
Pharmacy and other health care professional students
Ex: KIMS, VIMS, KR Hospital
• Quaternary care hospital: Super speciality Hospital
Ex: Apollo, BGS Global Hospital

18. Comparison of primary, secondary & tertiary healthcare
Primary Healthcare Secondary Healthcare Tertiary Healthcare
• Common health problems
• Health promotion
• Care & rehabilitation
• Patients having various
abnormalities
• Requires special clinical
expertise for care of
patients
• Patients having complex
disorders and its
management
• Requires more advanced
curative facilities for
patients
Ex: Sore throat, hypertension,
vaccination
Ex: Acute renal failure Ex: Open heart surgery

19. X. Based on size
1. Very small hospital: less than 100 bedded ex: Adithya, Aruna hospital Tumkur
2. Small Hospital : 100-500 bedded ex: District hospital – Tumkur, Siddaganga Hospital-
Tumkur
3. Medium sized hospital: more than 500 bedded Ex: Shredevi Hospital - Tumkur,
Adhichunchanagiri Hospital- BG Nagar
4. Large hospital : more than 1000 bedded hospital Ex: JSS Hospital-Mysore, AIMS- Delhi,
Siddhartha Hospital- Tumkur,
XI Based on Costs
1. High cost or elite hospitals
2. Low cost / budget hospitals
3. Free hospitals

20. XII. Based on regionality
• Regional
• District
• Sub district Health Complex
• Union Health and Family Welfare Centers
• Community Clinics
XIII. As per WHO Classification:
• Regional Hospital
• Intermediate/ District Hospital
• Rural Hospital

21. • General hospitals: meant to provide wide-range of many types
of healthcare, but with limited capacity.
• They care for patients with various-disease conditions for both
sexes to all ages, medical, surgical, pediatrics, obstetrics, eye
and ear etc.
• Usually, General hospitals are lacking of super-specialist
medical care.
• Special hospitals: They limit their service to a particular
condition, orthopedics, maternity, pediatrics, geriatrics,
oncology etc.
• Teaching cum Research Hospital: Medical College is attached
for medical/ nursing/ dental/ pharmacy education. Main
objective is to provide medical care, teaching and research is
secondary

22. Organization Structure of a Hospital
• ORGANIZATION is defined as “A DYNAMIC PROCESS, in which
various MANAGERIAL ACTIVITIES bring & bind people together, for
the ACHIEVEMENT of COMMON GOALS & OBJECTIVES”
• Most important BODY of a hospital is the GOVERNING BODY/
BOARD OF DIRECTORS/ BOARD OF TRUSTEES
• GOVERNING BODY consists of various eminent personalities in the
field of : a. MEDICAL EDUCATION b. ADMINISTRATION c. RESEARCH
d. POLITICS (optional)
• Function of GOVERNING BODY is to FRAME all major POLICIES,
PLANS & PROGRAMMES of hospital

23. • A hospital is a controlled organization with several
departments.
• Like any other organization, it is necessary to define a
structure of operations at a hospital.
• The organizational model defines the framework, line
of duty, communication roles and resource allocation.
• It also reflects the philosophy of the organization.