Hospital and Its organization

1. Hospital-Organization & Functions
Dr. Ajith JS
Asst. Professor
Department of Pharmacology
Sanjivani College of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Kopargaon

2. Definition of Hospital
is a complex organization and an
which provides
Hospital
institute
through complicated but specialize
health to people
scientific
equipments, and a team of trained staff
educated in the problems of Modern medical
science.

3. • Hospital is a specialized body where the patient
care is the focal point and about which all
activities of the hospital revolve.
– Physician is very important and seen in the
‘Principal position’ of Hospital
– Other Health care professionals assist the Physician
(Nurse, Pharmacist, Laboratory Technician,
Physiotherapist, etc.,)

4. Functions of Hospitals:
• Provides for diagnosis and treatment of
diseases of the patients (In-patients and Out-
patients)
• Provides facilities for hospitalization

5. • Acts as immunization centre in prevention of
diseases
• Coordinates various disciplines of medicines
and improves the standards of medical
practice.

6. • Provides advices on matters like Family
planning, STD, AIDS etc for improvement of
social aspects and rehabilitation
• Takes care of the community at large and
contributes a lot in the preventive and social
medicine. (Involve in educating people)

7. • By its early detection, treatment and advice,
lowers the incidence of diseases
• Acts as link between masses and policies of
Government
• Hospitals also help in the Growth of Medical
sciences by training Doctors, Nurses,
Pharmacists and other health care persons.

8. Classification of Hospitals
Numerous types of classifications for hospitals are
possible. Ex: Based on clinical orientation, based
on type of people attending, based on system of
medicine, etc.,

9. Based on type of people visiting the hospital
or PRIMARY HOSPITAL
– Gynaecological hospital
– Pediatric hospital
– Maternity hospital
– General hospital

10. Based on Anatomical-Physiological specialization
or SECONDARY HOSPITAL
– Ear, Nose & Throat hospitals
– Eye hospitals
– Kidney hospitals
– Dental hospitals
– Orthopedic hospitals
– Neurological hospitals

11. Based on Clinical orientation
or TERTIARY HOSPITAL
Different types of diseases require different
ways and methods of treatment
– Tuberculosis hospital
– Leprosy hospital
– Cancer hospital
– Psychiatry hospital
– Diabetes hospital
– Maternity hospital
– Drug addiction and rehabilitation hospitals

12. Based on System of Medicine adopted
– Allopathic hospitals
– Ayurvedic hospitals
– Siddha hospitals
– Unani hospitals
– Homeopathy hospitals

13. Based on Non-clinical orientation
1)Ownership basis:
Central Government controlled
hospitals-
Ex: Military hospital, Railway
hospital
State Government controlled
hospital-
Ex: District Headquarters
hospitals
Private trust controlled hospitals:
Ex: Ramachandra hospital of
Chennai, Jindal trust hospital
of Bangalore
Private hospitals/Nursing
homes/Polyclinics:
These are run by individual or
group of doctors

14. Based on Non-clinical orientation
2)Based on Bed numbers:
– Large hospitals: Having more than 1,000 beds
– Medium hospitals: 500-1,000 beds
– Small hospitals: 100-500 beds
– Very small hospitals: < 100 beds
3)Based on basis of costs:
– Costly or Elite hospitals
– Low budget hospitals
– Free hospitals

15. Organization of a Hospital
• Organizational pattern of a hospital resemble
with that of an Industrial plant.
• The terminology in industry and hospital vary, but
the responsibility remain similar.
– Ex: General Manager, Executive Vice-President are
higher posts in Industry
– In Hospital, we see position of Medical Director,
Superintendent

17. Administrative Staff
• The Hospital in general is managed by the
Board Trustees or the Governing Council.
• They appoint the active Administrator for the
Hospital along with other associates.
• Under the
Supervisors and
work.
Administrator, Assistants,
Departmental Heads will

18. Functions of Administrator Head
(Superintendent/ Director)
• Enforce policy in daily routines.
• Plans an active role in Community public relations
as well as liaison between the medical staff and
the board of trustees/Governing council.
• Operates the institution with highest possible
standards.
• Ensures that both ‘Services’ and ‘Economy’ to the
Medical staff, trustees and patients.

19. • Every hospital must have Medical staff who are
responsible for all the Medical care to be provided to
the patients.
• Medical staff must follow Ethical conduct and
Professional practices towards their patients.
• In Bigger hospitals, Medical staff are further divided
into:
– Resident Medical staff, Associate Medical staff, Consulting
Medical staff and Honorary Medical staff.
Medical Staff

20. • Resident Medical staff: They are available 24
hours within the hospital to attend the patients.
• Associate Medical staff: They are Practitioners
appointed and assigned to various services.
Initially appointed as Associates, then promoted
to Resident Medical Staff.

21. • Consulting Medical staff: Medical practitioners of
recognized professional ability and are not
members who are full time available.
• Honorary Medical staff: Medical practitioners
who are part-time consulting Medical staff. The
Professionals from this group are usually Retired
or Emeritus Physicians who provide honorary
services to the hospital

22. Medical staff are further sub-divided into
different clinical divisions based on the degree
of specialization.
Medicine Division
– Internal Medicine
– Cardiology
– Gastroenterology
– Nephrology
– Pulmonology
– Psychiatry
– Allergy
– Skin and Veneral diseases
– Endocrinology
– Pediatrics
Surgery Division
– General Surgery
– Orthopedic surgery
– Opthalmology
– Otolaryngology
– Dental and Oral surgery
– Plastic surgery
– Anasthesetics
– Cardiothoracic surgery

23. Associated Medical Services
• In addition to Medical staff, the associated Medical
services are also required for the patient care.
• These services are very important for Diagnosis and
treatment of patients.
– Pathology and Clinical biochemistry services
– Radiology
– Blood bank
– Medical-social service department
– Anasthesia services

24. Pathology and Biochemistry services:
Important supportive service where in Medical
tests for various samples of Blood, urine,
Sputum, Faeces etc, for presence of microbes
or detection of abnormality in biochemical
parameters are done.
This section is headed by person qualified in
Medical pathology.

25. Radiology
• Highly used service in the hospital.
• This branch is concerned with diagnostic and
therapeutic application of radiations. Ex: X-rays.
• This department also performs different scans on to
the patients and help in diagnosis of disease.
• These services are headed by a Medical Practioner
with Raiology degree.

26. Blood bank
• Collects, stores, processes and supplies blood
and its products like Blood, Plasma and
Platelets.
• Work in close association with Surgery and
Medicine department.
• Blood banks are usually run by Voluntary or
social service organizations. Ex: Red Cross

27. Medical-social service department
• This department provides an important liaison with
hospital, patient and his care takers.
• Qualified Social worker will be heading this
department.
• Special focus of this department is to provide social
support to patient and their family.
• This department is also responsible for providing
information to the patients regarding risks and
benefits related to Medical and surgical treatments.

28. Supportive Paramedical services and Staff
• The clinical department cannot function
without the support of Paramedical services
important services provided
and staff. The
include:
– Nursing services
– Dietary services
– Medical records services
– Central sterile service department
– Pharmaceutical services

29. Nursing services
• This team is headed by Professional nurse with degree or
PG in Nursing. Nursing care is critical in improving health
condition of patients
• Nursing encompasses health promotion, care and
prevention of disease or disability, provision of emotional
support as well as cure for illness.
• Nursing care is executed in combination with related
medical, surgical, educational and other departments.
• Nursing personnel should respect individuality, dignity and
rights of every patient regardless of race, colour, breed,
nationality, social or economic status.

30. Dietary services
• Services are provided under the Nutrition
department.
• This service will effectively apply the principles
of Nutritional science to the preparation of
appropriate food to the patients.
• Services are headed by person with Nutrition
degree.

31. Medical Record services
• Every hospital has a integral responsibility to maintain
documentation and records pertaining to medical care.
Purpose of Medical records are:
– Serve as a basis for planning and continuity of patient
care
– Provide means of communication among healthcare
professionals
– Furnish documentary evidence for course of patient
illness, treatment during hospitalization or death
– Serve as a basis for review, study and judging the care
rendered to the patient
– Assist in protecting the legal interest of the patient,
hospital and practioner
– Provide data for use in Research and Education.

32. • A typical medical record should contain enough details
to enable another practioner to care the patient at any
point of time.
• Medical record should include every Medical
information related to the patient, both clinical and
diagnostic information along with treatment details.
Parts of a Medical record include:
o Data for the Patient identity and ‘Admission chart’
o Clinical history sheet
o Physical examination sheet
o Laboratory sheets
o Follow-up and Medical treatment sheet
o Discharge summary sheet

33. Central Sterile Service department
• This department is usually headed by Pharmacist
and responsible for maintaining sterile condition
within operation theatres.
• This department supplies all types of sterile items
required for the nursing units and operation
theatres which include:
– Sterile linen and cotton
– Sterile kits
– Operation theatre packs
– Needles
– Syringes, etc

34. Pharmaceutical services
• Headed by Pharmacist and provides services related
to dispensing and safe use of drugs.
• Few services offered include:
– Dispensing of medicines
– Medication history management
– Treatment chart review
– Patient counseling
– Identification of Drug interactions
– Identification and Monitoring of Adverse Drug Reactions
– Preparation and Handling of specialized drugs (Ex:
Radiopharmaceuticals, Anti-cancer drugs etc., )

35. THANK YOU