This document outlines various job roles and responsibilities within common organizational functions such as purchasing, human resources, finance, sales and marketing, administration, and management. It also discusses organizational structures, including tall vs flat structures, spans of control, and chains of command. Finally, it covers types of organizational change like growth, downsizing, delayering, and outsourcing.

3. Job Titles
 Chief Buyer
 Quality Manager
 Warehouse Supervisor
 Stock Controller
 Quality Controller
 Buyer

4. Purchasing Includes:
 Collecting and processing purchase
requisitions from departments
 Obtaining quotations, catalogues and price
lists from suppliers
 Agreeing with purchase prices and
conditions with suppliers
 Receiving and checking deliveries
 Keeping stock records
 Checking invoices and authorising
payments for goods

6. Job Titles
 Recruitment Manager
 Training Manager
 Health & Safety Officer
 Employee Relations Manager
 Training Officer

7. Human Resources
Includes:
 Advertising vacancies
 Preparing job descriptions and job
specifications
 Issuing and collecting job applications
 Arranging and conducting interviews
 Preparing employee contracts
 Keeping employee records
 Assisting with staff appraisal
 Organising training courses if needed
 Dealing with health & Safety (accident reports
ect)

9. Job Titles
 Chief Accountant
 Financial Accountant
 Management Accountant
 Credit Controller
 Invoice Supervisor
 Wages Assistant

10. Finance Includes:
 Checking invoices, credit notes and
statements from suppliers of goods/services
 Preparing invoices, credit notes and
statements for delivery to customers
 Preparing cheques for suppliers
 Banking cash and cheques from customers
 Preparing budgets and final accounts
 Calculating wages and preparing payslips
 Completing tax returns
 Analysing financial information for
management and shareholders

12. Job Titles
 Marketing Manager
 Area Sales Manager
 Market Research Manager
 Advertising Manager
 Sales Representative
 Telesales Assistant

13. Sales & Marketing
Includes:
 Identifying potential new customers and
products
 Dealing with enquiries from customers
 Collecting and processing orders from
customers
 Preparing and conducting consumer
surveys
 Analysing market research questionnaires
 Preparing publicity, organising exhibitions

15. Job Titles
 Office Manager
 Administration Supervisor
 Secretary
 Computer Operator
 Receptionists
 Reprographics Assistant
 Mailroom Assistant
 Filing Clerk
 Office Junior

16. Administration Includes:
 Word Processing
 Desktop publishing
 Incoming, Outgoings and Internet Mail
 Secretarial Services
 Receptional and Switchboards
 Reprographics
 Manual and Computerised Databases
 Office Supplies
 Email and Faxes
 Petty Cash and Financial Records
(spreadsheets)

17. Organisation Pyramid
Board of Directors
Chief Executive
Senior Managers
Managers
Junior Managers
Supervisors
Assistants

18. Span Of Control
 Span of Control means the number of
people who report to a manager
Manager Manager
Employees Employees
Narrow Span of Control Wide Span of Control

19. Team Work in
Organisations
 Everyone has a common goal
 Everyone is committed to realising goal
 Team planning and tactics discussed
 Members pull together
 Members help each other
 Win or lose as a team
 Team greater than sum of their parts

20. Organisational Structures
Organisations either have a tall or flat structure
Tall Structure Flat Structure

21. Tall Structures
 Many Levels of management
 Managers will have narrow spans of control
 Management posts usually specialised
Benefits
•Easier for managers to
supervise staff
•More promotion
opportunities
Costs
•Slow decision making
•Workers may have little
freedom or responsibility

22. Flat Structures
 Few levels of management
 Managers have wider spans of control
Benefits
•Employees have more
authority and responsibility
•Decision making is quicker
Costs
•Employees have greater
workload
•Employees may need training
for multi-tasking

23. Chain of Command
Chain of command is the way
instructions are passed down
from one level of post to another
within an organisation

24. Recruitment
Manager
Board of
Directors
Managing
Director
Sales and
Marketing
Director
Finance
Director
Purchasing
Director
Personnel
Director
Sales
Manager
Marketing
Manager
Accountant
Purchasing
Manager
Training
Manager

25. Line and Lateral
Relationships
 A line relationship exists between a
manager and the employees
immediately below them, illustrated by
vertical lines in an organisation chart
 A lateral relationship exists between
employees on the same level and report
to the same line manager

26. Organisation Change
 Growth
 Downsizing
 Delayering
 Outsourcing

27. Growth
What Happens?
 Sales of goods/services increases
 More staff employed to meet increased
sales
Effect of Org. chart
 More staff on various levels
 New departments
 New specialists

28. Downsizing
What happens?
 Staff ‘laid-off’
 Wages (labour costs) are reduced
Effect on Org. chart
 Greater workload for departments
 Some posts will disappear
 Workers have more duties

29. Delayering
What happens?
 Levels of management are reduced
(move from tall to flat structures)
 Wider spans of control
Effect on Org. chart
 Flatter structure
 Fewer management posts
 Increased worker responsibilities

30. Outsourcing
What happens?
 Sub-contractors come in to do activities
 Sub-contractors bring their expertise
Effect on Org. chart
 Simpler organisation chart (fewer
departments & fewer specialist
members of staff)