In this ppt includes Cement and their constituents, Manufacturing, test on cement

2. CEMENT IS A BINDING MATERIAL USED IN
CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
CEMENT IS OBTAINED BY GRINDING, MIXING
AND BURNING OF RAW MATERIALS SUCH AS
CALCARIOUS MATERIAL AND AGRILLACIOUS
MATERIAL

3. SR.
NO
NAME OF
COMPOUND
FORMULA PERCENTAGE
1 LIME CaO 60-65 %
2 SILICA SiO2 17-25 %
3 ALUMINA Al2O3 3-8 %
4 IRON OXIDE Fe2O3 0.5-6%
5 MAGNESIA MgO 0.1-4 %
6 SODA +POTASH Na2O +
K2O
0.2-1%
7 SULPHUR
TRIOXIDE
SO3 1-2.75%

4.  Calcium Oxide CaO
 It controls the strength gain of cement
 It controls the soundness of cement
 Deficiency of CaO in cement reduces strength as well as the
setting time of cement.
 Silica SiO2
 It provides strength to cement.
 Excess of silica reduces the setting of cement.
 Aluminium Oxide Al2O3
 It is responsible for the quick setting of cement
 Excess of aluminium oxide reduces the strength of cement
 Ferrous Oxide Fe2O3
 It imparts the characteristic grey colour to the cement
 It also helps in the fusion of different materials

5.  Magnesium Oxide MgO
 It provides colour to the cement
 It also provides hardness to the cement
 Excess of magnesium oxide causes cracks in mortar and
produces unsound concrete.
 Alkalis Na2O, K2O, P2O5
 Alkalis are present as residues in cement.
 Excess of alkalis causes efflorescence in concrete
 Excess of alkalis may also result in the cracking of the
concrete
 Sulphur Trioxide SO3
 Sulphur trioxide provides soundness to the cement.

6.  THIS RAW MATERIAL WHEN SUBJECTED TO HIGH
TEMPERATURE COMBINE WITH EACH OTHER FORMS
COMPLEX COMPOUND THESE COMPOUND ARE CALLED AS
BOGUES COMPOUND
SR.
NO.
NAME OF COMPOUND FORMULA PERCENTAGE
1 TRICALCIUM SILICATE 3CaO.SiO2 54.1
2 DICALCIUM SILICATE 2CaO.SiO2 16.6
3 TRICALCIUM ALUMINATE 3CaO.Al2O3 10.8
4 TETRA CALCIUM
ALUMINOFERRITE
4CaO.Al2O3.
Fe2O3
9.1

7. THERE ARE TWO PROCESS OF
MANUFACTURING
A) DRY PROCESS
B) WET PROCESS

10.  THE CHEMICAL REACTION
TAKES PLACE BETWEEN
CEMENT AND WATER IS
KNOWN AS HYDRATION OF
CEMENT
 THE REACTION OF
CEMENT WITH WATER IS
EXOTHERMIC REACTION
 THE LIBERATED HEAT IS
CALLED AS HEAT OF
HYDRATION

12. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ORDINARY PORTLAND
CEMENT ARE AS FOLLOWS
 FINENESS
 SETTING TIME
 CONSISTENCY
 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
 SOUNDNESS

13.  The fineness of cement is a measure of cement particle
size and is denoted in terms of the specific surface area
of cement
 The fineness of cement is determined by two methods;
1. Sieving Method.
2. Air Permeability Method (Blaine Method)

14. Collect a sample of cement and rub it
with your hands.
The Fineness test sample should be free
of lumps.
Take 100 gm of cement sample and note
its weight as W1.
Drop 100 gm of cement in a 90 µm sieve
and close it with the lid.
Now, shake the sieve with your hands
by agitating the sieve in planetary and
linear movements for 15 minutes.
After that take the weight of
the retained cement on the 90 µm
sieve as W2. To calculate the fineness of
cement formula is given below,
Fineness = (W2/W1) * 100

15.  Initial Setting Time of Cement
 It is the time elapsed between the moments that
the water is added to the cement, to
the time that the paste starts losing its plasticity.
 Final Setting Time of Cement
 It is the time elapsed between
the moment the water is added to the
cement and the time when cement paste loses its
plasticity completely and
has attained sufficient firmness to resist certain
definite pressure.

16. 1. Consistency of cement shall be tested before conducting a test to
find out % of the water required by the weight of cement as normal
consistency of cement (P).
2. Take about 400 gm of cement and add water about 0.85x P (P is %
water required for normal consistency of cement)
3. Mix water with cement quickly in a short time about 3 min to 5
min. Start the stopwatch at the instance when water is added to
the cement. Record this time (T1).
4. Now, fill this prepared cement paste in Vicat apparatus mould
having a diameter of 80 mm and a height of 50 mm resting on non –
porous glass plate. Properly fill and smooth off the top
surface of mould and level it.