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 The sapwood is not well defined from the
heartwood, which is white turning to yellow on
exposure.
 Texture is moderately coarse and even.
 Vessels lines present.
 Grain is generally straight.
 The timber is light and soft with an air-dry
density of 290 to 465 kg m~'.
Growth rings :
moderately distinct, marked by layers of thicker
fibre.
Vessels :
medium sized to large, solitary and in radial multiples
of 2 to 4, sometimes in clusters,
tyloses :absent,
Wood parenchyma :
present but difficult to detect with the naked eye
and just visible by using the lens due to the lack
of contrast between the fibres and the
parenchyma.
Have 2 types:
 Apotracheal parenchyma as diffuse and diffuse
in aggregates, forming short uniseriate lines.
 Paratracheal parenchyma sparse and confine
only to the immediate vicinity of the vessels.
diffuse
reticulate
banded
confluentaliform
vesicentric
Rays :
of two distinct sizes, the broader rays can
be- observed easily with a handlens.
Ripple marks :brick like structure appear to the cross
cutting
intercellular canals :not observed.
Uses
A light-coloured and light-weight timber. The timber is suitable
for use as picture frame,moulding, skiring, wooden sandals,
disposable chopstick, general utility furniture, veneer
and plywood.
HARDWOOD
 Ray in boat shaped
 Vessel
HARDWOOD
 Ray in cube shaped
 Vessels
HARDWOOD
 Pore
 Gum duct
 Intercellular canals
CROSS SECTION
 See growth ring boundaries,and interiors of
cells,end view of log.
TANGENTIAL SECTION
 Cut longitudinally,more or less down parallel to
growth rings,at right angles to rays.
RADIAL SECTION
 Cut longitudinally,more or less down at right angles
to growth rings,and parallel to rays

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Understanding the three surfaces of wood

  • 1.
  • 2.
  • 3.  The sapwood is not well defined from the heartwood, which is white turning to yellow on exposure.  Texture is moderately coarse and even.  Vessels lines present.  Grain is generally straight.  The timber is light and soft with an air-dry density of 290 to 465 kg m~'.
  • 4. Growth rings : moderately distinct, marked by layers of thicker fibre.
  • 5. Vessels : medium sized to large, solitary and in radial multiples of 2 to 4, sometimes in clusters,
  • 7. Wood parenchyma : present but difficult to detect with the naked eye and just visible by using the lens due to the lack of contrast between the fibres and the parenchyma. Have 2 types:  Apotracheal parenchyma as diffuse and diffuse in aggregates, forming short uniseriate lines.  Paratracheal parenchyma sparse and confine only to the immediate vicinity of the vessels.
  • 10. Rays : of two distinct sizes, the broader rays can be- observed easily with a handlens.
  • 11. Ripple marks :brick like structure appear to the cross cutting
  • 13.
  • 14. Uses A light-coloured and light-weight timber. The timber is suitable for use as picture frame,moulding, skiring, wooden sandals, disposable chopstick, general utility furniture, veneer and plywood.
  • 15. HARDWOOD  Ray in boat shaped  Vessel
  • 16. HARDWOOD  Ray in cube shaped  Vessels
  • 17. HARDWOOD  Pore  Gum duct  Intercellular canals
  • 18. CROSS SECTION  See growth ring boundaries,and interiors of cells,end view of log. TANGENTIAL SECTION  Cut longitudinally,more or less down parallel to growth rings,at right angles to rays. RADIAL SECTION  Cut longitudinally,more or less down at right angles to growth rings,and parallel to rays