The document discusses properties of various natural and man-made textile fibers including cotton, linen, jute, and silk. It provides details on their composition, characteristics such as strength, absorbency, and reaction to heat, light, and chemicals. It also lists common end uses of these fibers such as apparel, home textiles, and industrial materials like rope and packaging.
This document discusses fiber science and the properties of fibers. It defines fibers as thin, flexible structures with a length to diameter ratio of at least 100:1. There are two main types of fibers - staple fibers which have a finite length and filament fibers which have an infinite length. The document examines various physical properties of fibers including tenacity, fineness, moisture absorption, abrasion resistance, crease recovery and flexibility. It also looks at chemical properties such as reaction to acids, alkalis, bleaching and dyeing ability. In summary, the document provides an overview of fiber types and analyzes important physical and chemical characteristics that determine a fiber's properties and uses.
This document provides an overview of fiber science, including the classification, properties, and manufacturing methods of various textile fibers. It begins by defining fibers and their basic demands, such as flexibility and a high length-to-thickness ratio. Fibers are then classified according to their origin as either natural or man-made. The properties of specific natural fibers like cotton, flax, and wool are described in detail. The document also discusses the physical and chemical properties of fibers and how man-made fibers are produced by extruding molten polymers through spinnerets to form filaments.
Types of fibres,their classification,applications,properties, and structures
Further more polymers,their types and different type chemical bonds present in fibres,
This document provides information on the physical properties of several natural and man-made fibers, including rayon, acrylic, nylon, polyester, acetate, polypropylene, polyethylene, silk, asbestos, cotton, linen, jute, wool. For each fiber, it describes composition, microscopic appearance, length, color, luster, strength, elasticity, resilience, moisture absorption, heat properties, flammability, electrical conductivity and specific gravity. The document is intended to educate the reader on how the physical characteristics of these fibers differ and impact their uses.
This presentation provides an overview of different types of textile fibres, including their properties and uses. It discusses natural fibres like cotton, silk and wool as well as man-made fibres such as rayon, polyamide, polyester, and acrylic. For each fibre, the document outlines the key physical and chemical properties, manufacturing processes, and common applications. The presentation is intended to educate about the different fibre sources and their characteristics.
Fiber properties are essential for determining a fiber's end uses. Key properties include a high length-to-width ratio, adequate strength (tenacity), flexibility, uniformity, and cohesiveness during spinning. Other important properties are morphology, specific gravity, elongation and elastic recovery, moisture regain, flammability, electrical conductivity, abrasion resistance, and chemical reactivity and resistance. Properties like tenacity, elongation, elastic recovery, and moisture regain are determined through standardized tests and affect a fiber's performance and processing.
Macramé craft techniques are gaining popularity again. Designers and craft workshops are teaching macramé skills. Vintage 1970s macramé pieces look modern in contemporary homes. Some crafters recreate vintage patterns while others give macramé a modern twist through simplified shapes and colors. Macramé is now used for plant hangers, wall hangings, lighting, furniture, and accessories. Playing with scale, from small wall hangings to large art installations, also gives macramé a contemporary feel.
This document discusses different types of natural fibers that can be used to make composites, including plant fibers like jute, banana, and stem fibers; animal fibers like wool and silk; and mineral fibers like asbestos. It provides details on the properties and processing of select natural fibers like jute, banana, and wool fibers. The applications and advantages of natural fiber composites are also mentioned.
This document discusses fiber science and the properties of fibers. It defines fibers as thin, flexible structures with a length to diameter ratio of at least 100:1. There are two main types of fibers - staple fibers which have a finite length and filament fibers which have an infinite length. The document examines various physical properties of fibers including tenacity, fineness, moisture absorption, abrasion resistance, crease recovery and flexibility. It also looks at chemical properties such as reaction to acids, alkalis, bleaching and dyeing ability. In summary, the document provides an overview of fiber types and analyzes important physical and chemical characteristics that determine a fiber's properties and uses.
This document provides an overview of fiber science, including the classification, properties, and manufacturing methods of various textile fibers. It begins by defining fibers and their basic demands, such as flexibility and a high length-to-thickness ratio. Fibers are then classified according to their origin as either natural or man-made. The properties of specific natural fibers like cotton, flax, and wool are described in detail. The document also discusses the physical and chemical properties of fibers and how man-made fibers are produced by extruding molten polymers through spinnerets to form filaments.
Types of fibres,their classification,applications,properties, and structures
Further more polymers,their types and different type chemical bonds present in fibres,
This document provides information on the physical properties of several natural and man-made fibers, including rayon, acrylic, nylon, polyester, acetate, polypropylene, polyethylene, silk, asbestos, cotton, linen, jute, wool. For each fiber, it describes composition, microscopic appearance, length, color, luster, strength, elasticity, resilience, moisture absorption, heat properties, flammability, electrical conductivity and specific gravity. The document is intended to educate the reader on how the physical characteristics of these fibers differ and impact their uses.
This presentation provides an overview of different types of textile fibres, including their properties and uses. It discusses natural fibres like cotton, silk and wool as well as man-made fibres such as rayon, polyamide, polyester, and acrylic. For each fibre, the document outlines the key physical and chemical properties, manufacturing processes, and common applications. The presentation is intended to educate about the different fibre sources and their characteristics.
Fiber properties are essential for determining a fiber's end uses. Key properties include a high length-to-width ratio, adequate strength (tenacity), flexibility, uniformity, and cohesiveness during spinning. Other important properties are morphology, specific gravity, elongation and elastic recovery, moisture regain, flammability, electrical conductivity, abrasion resistance, and chemical reactivity and resistance. Properties like tenacity, elongation, elastic recovery, and moisture regain are determined through standardized tests and affect a fiber's performance and processing.
Macramé craft techniques are gaining popularity again. Designers and craft workshops are teaching macramé skills. Vintage 1970s macramé pieces look modern in contemporary homes. Some crafters recreate vintage patterns while others give macramé a modern twist through simplified shapes and colors. Macramé is now used for plant hangers, wall hangings, lighting, furniture, and accessories. Playing with scale, from small wall hangings to large art installations, also gives macramé a contemporary feel.
This document discusses different types of natural fibers that can be used to make composites, including plant fibers like jute, banana, and stem fibers; animal fibers like wool and silk; and mineral fibers like asbestos. It provides details on the properties and processing of select natural fibers like jute, banana, and wool fibers. The applications and advantages of natural fiber composites are also mentioned.
This document provides information on various natural and man-made fiber types including their properties. It discusses cotton, wool, jute, silk, viscose rayon, and spandex fibers. For each fiber, it outlines key physical properties such as length, strength, elasticity, moisture content and chemical properties including how they are affected by factors like acids, alkalis, bleaches, sunlight and microorganisms. The document serves as a reference for understanding the characteristics and structures of different fibers.
The document discusses the structure and properties of various natural and man-made fibers. It describes fiber characteristics like length, shape, surface, configuration and diameter. It also examines essential fiber properties such as abrasion resistance, absorbency, elasticity, environmental resistance, and flexibility. The document provides details on specific natural fibers including cotton, flax, wool, silk and specialty animal hairs. It also discusses the classification and development of cellulosic, protein and synthetic man-made fibers.
The document discusses the classification, identification, and properties of various textile fibers including natural fibers like cotton, silk and wool as well as man-made fibers. It describes how burning and solubility tests can identify fibers and provides details on the physical and chemical properties of cotton, silk, and wool fibers such as their strength, absorbency, and reactions to acids, alkalis and bleaching agents.
The document discusses textile fibers, defining them as hair-like substances that are much longer than they are wide and can be spun into yarns. It outlines key properties of textile fibers including a high length-to-width ratio, flexibility, strength, and ability to be spun. The document then classifies fibers as natural (vegetable, animal, mineral) or man-made (regenerated, synthetic, inorganic) and describes properties of common natural fibers like cotton and jute.
This document classifies fibers into natural and manufactured types and further categorizes them by length and size. It discusses natural fibers like cotton, kapok, bast fibers including flax, jute, and ramie, and animal fibers such as silk, wool, and specialty hair fibers. Manufactured fibers include regenerated cellulosic fibers like viscose rayon and acetate, protein fibers like azlon and casein, mineral fibers like glass and ceramic, synthetic fibers like polyester and nylon, inorganic fibers, high performance fibers such as aramid and carbon, as well as rare eco-friendly fibers. The recycling process of PET bottles into staple fibers or chips is also outlined.
Essential requirements of fiber forming polymersBademaw Abate
Matter is composed of atoms linked together by bonds of varying strength. The physical properties of the materials are determined by the arrangement of these atoms and the strength of the bonds between these atoms. An essential requirement in fiber structure is some means of ensuring continuity and strength along the length of the fiber.
This document provides an introduction to textile fibers, including their classification, structure, and properties. It discusses how fibers are formed from atoms and molecules into long chains of macromolecules. Vegetable fibers are formed from cellulose chains, while animal fibers come from protein chains. The document also examines fiber properties such as length, diameter, physical structure, absorbency, durability, comfort, and how fibers contribute to the performance of fabrics. Fineness is measured using denier or tex systems based on the weight of fiber over a set length.
The document discusses different types of textile fibers, including their properties and production methods. It covers natural fibers like cotton, jute, silk and wool as well as man-made fibers including rayon, nylon, polyester. For natural fibers it discusses the plant or animal source and composition. For man-made fibers it explains the production processes of viscose, acetate, acrylic and other synthetic fibers. The document also covers specialty fibers like microfibers, aramid fibers, glass fibers and metallic fibers.
This document provides information about the manufacturing processes of cotton. It discusses both handmade and machine made cotton production. For handmade cotton, the key steps described are separating, carding, spinning into thread using a charkha wheel, and weaving. For machine made cotton, the main steps outlined are ginning to remove fibers from seeds, compressing into bales, and shipping to spinning mills. The document also notes some byproducts of cotton like rayon, plastics, and oils that are used in other industries. Overall, the document gives a high-level overview of traditional and modern cotton manufacturing methods.
this presentation will give the basic information about the fibers & yarns that ultimately makes fabrics for this industry. It is helpful for beginners as well as established design professional by giving them exact nature of fabrics they are working over or is going to start a new level by different fabrics.
The document discusses properties of several natural and synthetic fibers including acrylic, coir, cotton and wool. Acrylic is a synthetic fiber made from polyacrylonitrile and was first created in 1941. It has properties such as warmth, light weight, elastic recovery and resistance to moths and mildew. Coir is obtained from coconut husks and used for products like floor mats, ropes and insulation. Cotton is a soft, breathable fiber that grows as a boll and is used widely in clothing. It absorbs water well but wrinkles easily. Wool insulates against heat and cold through its crimped structure and ability to absorb moisture without feeling damp.
This document discusses properties and uses of various natural fibers including cotton, silk, jute, linen, wool, nylon, and polyester. For cotton, it describes properties related to physical structure such as fiber length, fineness, strength, elasticity, and appearance. It also discusses cotton's uses in textiles, home goods, and other industries. For silk, the document outlines properties like strength, elasticity, drapability, and absorbency. Common uses of silk include clothing, home textiles, and medical applications. Jute fiber properties and uses are also summarized.
The document discusses different natural and synthetic fibers used in textiles including cotton, silk, wool, jute, nylon, and flax. Cotton comes from cotton plants and has a soft, fluffy staple fiber. Silk is produced by silkworms to form cocoons and is valuable for fine fabrics. Wool comes from sheep and has crimped fibers that are elastic and grow in staples. Jute is a soft, shiny vegetable fiber produced from plants. Nylon is a synthetic polyamide fiber. Flax is extracted from the flax plant, an annual plant growing up to 1.2 meters tall.
This document discusses the properties of textile fibers. It defines a textile fiber as a natural or synthetic fiber that can be spun into yarns and fabricated into fabrics. The document outlines the primary and secondary properties of textile fibers. Primary properties are essential for a fiber to function as a textile fiber and include a high length-to-width ratio, adequate tenacity or strength, cohesiveness or spinning quality, flexibility, and uniformity. Secondary properties are desirable but not essential, and include physical shape, luster, specific gravity, elongation and elastic recovery, moisture properties, resiliency, and thermal behavior. The document provides examples and details for each property.
Textile Fibers are the basic structural units of Textile fabrics. Knowing the building blocks of textile fibers(polymers) is vital inoder to explain chemical and physical properties.
The document discusses different types of textile fibers including natural fibers like cotton, wool, silk, and flax that come from plants and animals as well as manufactured fibers such as polyester, rayon, nylon, and acetate. It describes fiber characteristics like durability, elasticity, and absorbency. It notes that most natural fibers are staple fibers of varying lengths while silk is a filament fiber and most manufactured fibers are also filament fibers that can be cut into staple lengths.
every natural fiber has unique textile property like Strength elongation and length. these properties are important for making yarn and fabric in the textile industry.
The document summarizes key properties of various textile fibers including cotton, wool, flax, jute, silk, nylon, and polyester. It discusses properties such as fiber length, flexibility, tenacity, luster, density, moisture content, elasticity, resilience, and end uses. For each fiber, it provides 3-4 sentences on typical properties and 2-3 sentences on common applications and uses of that fiber type.
The document discusses different aspects of textiles including fibers, yarns, fabrics, and the textile manufacturing process. It defines a textile as a flexible material made up of a network of natural or artificial fibers. The textile industry can be organized vertically, where one company handles all stages of production, or horizontally, where different companies specialize in specific stages. The document outlines the various stages involved in textile production from fiber processing to wet processing, manufacturing, and end use. It also discusses different fiber types and their properties.
Bdft i, ftmu, unit-i, iii, textile fiber & yarn classification,Rai University
The textile industry in India is an important sector that provides significant employment. It is the second largest industry in India, employing over 35 million people. India has a long history of textile production, with evidence of weaving and spinning cotton dating back 4,000 years. India exports cotton textiles and silk through trade routes to other civilizations like Egypt and China. India produces many natural fibers like cotton, silk, jute, and wool, with cotton being the most important at 60% of production. The textile industry also includes man-made fibers. Fibers can be classified by type, length, and size.
Cotton, jute, linen, wool, and their properties were discussed. Cotton is a soft staple fiber that grows in a boll around cotton seeds. It is almost pure cellulose. Jute is a plant fiber that can be spun into coarse, strong threads and is composed of cellulose and lignin. Linen is derived from flax plants and is stronger than cotton. Wool is the hair grown on sheep and is composed of the protein keratin. The document discussed various physical and chemical properties of each fiber type, including strength, absorbency, effect of acids/alkalis, and common uses.
Cotton, flax, and wool are natural fibers with various properties and uses. Cotton has good strength when wet due to hydrogen bonding between polymers. It is hydroscopic and does not cause static electricity. Common uses include clothing, home textiles, and medical supplies. Flax has high tensile strength and resistance to alkalis and sunlight. Linen is used for clothing and canvas. Wool is flame retardant, insulating, and durable. It regulates temperature and moisture. Wool is used for clothing, carpeting, and insulation.
This document provides information on various natural and man-made fiber types including their properties. It discusses cotton, wool, jute, silk, viscose rayon, and spandex fibers. For each fiber, it outlines key physical properties such as length, strength, elasticity, moisture content and chemical properties including how they are affected by factors like acids, alkalis, bleaches, sunlight and microorganisms. The document serves as a reference for understanding the characteristics and structures of different fibers.
The document discusses the structure and properties of various natural and man-made fibers. It describes fiber characteristics like length, shape, surface, configuration and diameter. It also examines essential fiber properties such as abrasion resistance, absorbency, elasticity, environmental resistance, and flexibility. The document provides details on specific natural fibers including cotton, flax, wool, silk and specialty animal hairs. It also discusses the classification and development of cellulosic, protein and synthetic man-made fibers.
The document discusses the classification, identification, and properties of various textile fibers including natural fibers like cotton, silk and wool as well as man-made fibers. It describes how burning and solubility tests can identify fibers and provides details on the physical and chemical properties of cotton, silk, and wool fibers such as their strength, absorbency, and reactions to acids, alkalis and bleaching agents.
The document discusses textile fibers, defining them as hair-like substances that are much longer than they are wide and can be spun into yarns. It outlines key properties of textile fibers including a high length-to-width ratio, flexibility, strength, and ability to be spun. The document then classifies fibers as natural (vegetable, animal, mineral) or man-made (regenerated, synthetic, inorganic) and describes properties of common natural fibers like cotton and jute.
This document classifies fibers into natural and manufactured types and further categorizes them by length and size. It discusses natural fibers like cotton, kapok, bast fibers including flax, jute, and ramie, and animal fibers such as silk, wool, and specialty hair fibers. Manufactured fibers include regenerated cellulosic fibers like viscose rayon and acetate, protein fibers like azlon and casein, mineral fibers like glass and ceramic, synthetic fibers like polyester and nylon, inorganic fibers, high performance fibers such as aramid and carbon, as well as rare eco-friendly fibers. The recycling process of PET bottles into staple fibers or chips is also outlined.
Essential requirements of fiber forming polymersBademaw Abate
Matter is composed of atoms linked together by bonds of varying strength. The physical properties of the materials are determined by the arrangement of these atoms and the strength of the bonds between these atoms. An essential requirement in fiber structure is some means of ensuring continuity and strength along the length of the fiber.
This document provides an introduction to textile fibers, including their classification, structure, and properties. It discusses how fibers are formed from atoms and molecules into long chains of macromolecules. Vegetable fibers are formed from cellulose chains, while animal fibers come from protein chains. The document also examines fiber properties such as length, diameter, physical structure, absorbency, durability, comfort, and how fibers contribute to the performance of fabrics. Fineness is measured using denier or tex systems based on the weight of fiber over a set length.
The document discusses different types of textile fibers, including their properties and production methods. It covers natural fibers like cotton, jute, silk and wool as well as man-made fibers including rayon, nylon, polyester. For natural fibers it discusses the plant or animal source and composition. For man-made fibers it explains the production processes of viscose, acetate, acrylic and other synthetic fibers. The document also covers specialty fibers like microfibers, aramid fibers, glass fibers and metallic fibers.
This document provides information about the manufacturing processes of cotton. It discusses both handmade and machine made cotton production. For handmade cotton, the key steps described are separating, carding, spinning into thread using a charkha wheel, and weaving. For machine made cotton, the main steps outlined are ginning to remove fibers from seeds, compressing into bales, and shipping to spinning mills. The document also notes some byproducts of cotton like rayon, plastics, and oils that are used in other industries. Overall, the document gives a high-level overview of traditional and modern cotton manufacturing methods.
this presentation will give the basic information about the fibers & yarns that ultimately makes fabrics for this industry. It is helpful for beginners as well as established design professional by giving them exact nature of fabrics they are working over or is going to start a new level by different fabrics.
The document discusses properties of several natural and synthetic fibers including acrylic, coir, cotton and wool. Acrylic is a synthetic fiber made from polyacrylonitrile and was first created in 1941. It has properties such as warmth, light weight, elastic recovery and resistance to moths and mildew. Coir is obtained from coconut husks and used for products like floor mats, ropes and insulation. Cotton is a soft, breathable fiber that grows as a boll and is used widely in clothing. It absorbs water well but wrinkles easily. Wool insulates against heat and cold through its crimped structure and ability to absorb moisture without feeling damp.
This document discusses properties and uses of various natural fibers including cotton, silk, jute, linen, wool, nylon, and polyester. For cotton, it describes properties related to physical structure such as fiber length, fineness, strength, elasticity, and appearance. It also discusses cotton's uses in textiles, home goods, and other industries. For silk, the document outlines properties like strength, elasticity, drapability, and absorbency. Common uses of silk include clothing, home textiles, and medical applications. Jute fiber properties and uses are also summarized.
The document discusses different natural and synthetic fibers used in textiles including cotton, silk, wool, jute, nylon, and flax. Cotton comes from cotton plants and has a soft, fluffy staple fiber. Silk is produced by silkworms to form cocoons and is valuable for fine fabrics. Wool comes from sheep and has crimped fibers that are elastic and grow in staples. Jute is a soft, shiny vegetable fiber produced from plants. Nylon is a synthetic polyamide fiber. Flax is extracted from the flax plant, an annual plant growing up to 1.2 meters tall.
This document discusses the properties of textile fibers. It defines a textile fiber as a natural or synthetic fiber that can be spun into yarns and fabricated into fabrics. The document outlines the primary and secondary properties of textile fibers. Primary properties are essential for a fiber to function as a textile fiber and include a high length-to-width ratio, adequate tenacity or strength, cohesiveness or spinning quality, flexibility, and uniformity. Secondary properties are desirable but not essential, and include physical shape, luster, specific gravity, elongation and elastic recovery, moisture properties, resiliency, and thermal behavior. The document provides examples and details for each property.
Textile Fibers are the basic structural units of Textile fabrics. Knowing the building blocks of textile fibers(polymers) is vital inoder to explain chemical and physical properties.
The document discusses different types of textile fibers including natural fibers like cotton, wool, silk, and flax that come from plants and animals as well as manufactured fibers such as polyester, rayon, nylon, and acetate. It describes fiber characteristics like durability, elasticity, and absorbency. It notes that most natural fibers are staple fibers of varying lengths while silk is a filament fiber and most manufactured fibers are also filament fibers that can be cut into staple lengths.
every natural fiber has unique textile property like Strength elongation and length. these properties are important for making yarn and fabric in the textile industry.
The document summarizes key properties of various textile fibers including cotton, wool, flax, jute, silk, nylon, and polyester. It discusses properties such as fiber length, flexibility, tenacity, luster, density, moisture content, elasticity, resilience, and end uses. For each fiber, it provides 3-4 sentences on typical properties and 2-3 sentences on common applications and uses of that fiber type.
The document discusses different aspects of textiles including fibers, yarns, fabrics, and the textile manufacturing process. It defines a textile as a flexible material made up of a network of natural or artificial fibers. The textile industry can be organized vertically, where one company handles all stages of production, or horizontally, where different companies specialize in specific stages. The document outlines the various stages involved in textile production from fiber processing to wet processing, manufacturing, and end use. It also discusses different fiber types and their properties.
Bdft i, ftmu, unit-i, iii, textile fiber & yarn classification,Rai University
The textile industry in India is an important sector that provides significant employment. It is the second largest industry in India, employing over 35 million people. India has a long history of textile production, with evidence of weaving and spinning cotton dating back 4,000 years. India exports cotton textiles and silk through trade routes to other civilizations like Egypt and China. India produces many natural fibers like cotton, silk, jute, and wool, with cotton being the most important at 60% of production. The textile industry also includes man-made fibers. Fibers can be classified by type, length, and size.
Cotton, jute, linen, wool, and their properties were discussed. Cotton is a soft staple fiber that grows in a boll around cotton seeds. It is almost pure cellulose. Jute is a plant fiber that can be spun into coarse, strong threads and is composed of cellulose and lignin. Linen is derived from flax plants and is stronger than cotton. Wool is the hair grown on sheep and is composed of the protein keratin. The document discussed various physical and chemical properties of each fiber type, including strength, absorbency, effect of acids/alkalis, and common uses.
Cotton, flax, and wool are natural fibers with various properties and uses. Cotton has good strength when wet due to hydrogen bonding between polymers. It is hydroscopic and does not cause static electricity. Common uses include clothing, home textiles, and medical supplies. Flax has high tensile strength and resistance to alkalis and sunlight. Linen is used for clothing and canvas. Wool is flame retardant, insulating, and durable. It regulates temperature and moisture. Wool is used for clothing, carpeting, and insulation.
Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll around cotton seeds. It is almost pure cellulose. Under a microscope, cotton fibers appear as very fine, regular fibers ranging from 11μm to 22μm in length. Cotton has good tenacity due to its crystalline polymer structure and gains strength when wet. It is absorbent due to polar hydroxyl groups and hygroscopic, shrinking when dry. Cotton is resistant to alkalis but weakened by acids. It can withstand heat but will scorch and burn at excessive temperatures. Cotton is primarily used to make clothing, bedding, and other textiles due to its comfort properties. Jute is a plant fiber that can be spun into
Cotton, silk, linen, wool, and jute are natural fibers with various physical and chemical properties that determine their uses. Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber composed of almost pure cellulose. It has good absorbency and is resistant to acids and bleaches. Silk is a smooth, lustrous protein fiber produced by silkworms. It is one of the strongest natural fibers. Linen is a durable fiber that is stronger when wet than dry. It is absorbent and has good strength. Wool is elastic, resilient, and a poor conductor making it suitable for cold weather. It felts easily when wet. Jute is a strong, coarse fiber that is biodegradable and environmentally
This document provides an overview of fibers and fabrics, including their history, classification, production, and uses. It begins with definitions of key terms and the history of fibers dating back to ancient civilizations. Fibers are classified as natural (plant and animal-derived) or man-made. Important natural fibers discussed include cotton, linen, silk, and wool. The document also examines the production processes and characteristics of various man-made fibers like viscose rayon, nylon, polyester, acrylic, and polyethylene. A wide range of applications for different textile fibers in apparel, home goods, and other areas are presented.
This document discusses different types of fibers used in textiles, including their properties and classifications. It covers natural fibers like cotton, wool, silk; synthetic or man-made fibers like polyester, nylon; and their key characteristics. Natural fibers are biodegradable but vary by origin as animal, plant or mineral sources. Synthetic fibers are manufactured using petrochemicals or cellulose. The document also examines properties of specific fibers in more detail like cotton being absorbent and easy to care for, wool being warmer and more elastic, and silk having luster and strength.
Cotton is the most widely produced natural fiber. It is obtained from the cotton plant as a soft, pliable fiber varying in length from 1/2 to 2 inches. America and India are two of the largest cotton producers. Cotton fibers are processed through steps like ginning, carding, combing, drawing, roving and spinning to produce yarns which are then woven or knitted into fabrics. Despite competition from synthetic fibers, cotton remains popular due to its versatility, low cost, absorbency and stability during blending.
Technology of finishing presentation
Topic- Finishing of Silk
VIJAY PRAKASH
TEXTILE CHEMISTRY
STUDENT COUNCIL REPRESENTATIVE
GOVERNMENT CENTRAL TEXTILE TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE KANPUR
Cotton fiber-textiles touch every aspect of our lives. For years, cotton clothing, home furnishings and industrial goods have enhanced our quality of life by providing comfort, expression and individuality. Cotton fiber possesses a variety of distinct properties, and we know there are plenty of people who want to dig a little deeper.
This document discusses the physical and chemical properties of four textile fibers: wool, silk, cotton, and nylon. It provides details on the color, strength, elasticity, moisture content, luster, resilience, drape, heat conductivity, absorbency, washability, shrinkage, effect of heat, light, and chemicals of each fiber. The document also summarizes key uses of each fiber, including for clothing, blankets, carpets, and industrial applications for wool; clothing and medical uses for silk; clothing and home goods for cotton; and clothing, parachutes, and ropes for nylon.
The document discusses the properties and characteristics of several natural fibers including cotton, jute, silk, wool, nylon, polyester, linen and polypropylene. It covers their tensile strength, elongation, absorbency, effect of light, heat and chemicals, and other qualitative features. The fibers are compared in terms of metrics like density, elongation at break, moisture content and effects of environmental factors.
Properties of textile fibres. for fashion pptxBademaw Abate
This document provides information on important natural and synthetic fiber properties including cotton, jute, linen, wool, silk, polyester, nylon, acrylic, spandex and viscose rayon. It discusses the plant or animal source of each fiber, its physical properties, uses and processing methods. Key details provided on cotton include its soft staple nature, strength, absorbency and uses in clothing, home goods and industry. Jute is extracted from plant bark, is strong and used for sacking, carpet backing and geotextiles. Flax makes linen and is one of the strongest natural fibers. Wool comes from sheep and is warm, moisture-wicking and used for clothing and blankets. Silk is produced by
This document provides information about textile fibers. It defines fibers as the basic units that make up textiles and are spun into yarns. It discusses the characteristics of different fibers and how they impact properties like strength, absorbency, and durability. The document separates fibers into two main groups: natural fibers from plants and animals, and manufactured fibers made from chemicals. Specific natural fibers like cotton, linen, wool, and silk are examined. Common manufactured fibers such as rayon, nylon, polyester, and acrylic are also described. The document concludes with a brief overview of weaving and knitting, the two main methods used to construct fabrics from yarns.
Cotton is the most widely used natural fiber. It consists of pure cellulose and is produced in countries like China, Brazil, India, Pakistan, and the USA. Textiles refer to any material made of interlacing fibers or yarns, which are produced by spinning raw fibers like cotton into long strands. The production of textiles has been altered by industrialization through modern manufacturing techniques, though basic weaving methods remain similar to ancient methods.
Different Types Of Fibers With Pictures & Their PropertiesPandaSilk
Fibers can be natural or synthetic. Natural fibers include cotton, bast fibers like flax and hemp, wool, and silk. Synthetic fibers are man-made and include nylon, polyester, acrylic, and rayon. Cotton fibers are soft, porous, and absorbent. They have low thermal conductivity. Wool fibers have a crimped structure and can be dyed with acid or reactive dyes. Silk fibers are very fine and smooth with triangular cross-sections, but have low UV light resistance. Common synthetic fibers each have their own properties suitable for various applications like clothing, parachutes, and tires.
Cotton is derived from the Arabic word for a plant found in conquered lands. It is unknown where cotton originated, but archaeological evidence suggests it grew in Egypt as early as 12,000 BC and India by 3000 BC. Cotton is grown worldwide, especially in areas like America, South America, Egypt, and parts of India. Cotton is widely used in the textile industry due to its versatility and ability to be made into a variety of fabrics. It is comfortable, absorbent, and durable. Various finishing processes have made cotton resistant to stains, wrinkles, shrinkage and other issues.
The document discusses properties of several natural and synthetic fibers including acrylic, coir, cotton and wool. Acrylic is a synthetic fiber made from polyacrylonitrile and was first created in 1941. It has properties such as warmth, light weight, easy care and resistance to moths and mildew. Coir is a natural fiber obtained from coconut husks. It is strong, durable and thermally insulating. Cotton is a soft, breathable fiber that grows as a boll around cotton seeds. It is absorbent but wrinkles easily. Wool is obtained from sheep fleeces. It is insulating, moisture-wicking and helps regulate body temperature in both hot and cold weather. These fibers are used to make
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
2. FIBERS
Fiber:
It is defined as one of the delicate, hair portions of the
tissues of a plant or animal or other substances that are very
small in diameter in relation to there length. A fiber is a material
which is several hundred times as long as its thick.
Textile Fiber:
Textile fiber has some characteristics which differ between
fiber to Textile fiber. Textile fiber can be spun into a yarn or made into
a fabric by various methods including weaving, knitting, braiding,
felting, and twisting. The essential requirements for fibers to be spun
into yarn include a length of at least 5 millimeters, flexibility,
cohesiveness, and sufficient strength. Other important properties
include elasticity, fineness, uniformity, durability, and luster.
3. • Types of Textile Fiber:
• Generally two types of fiber.
• 1. Natural fiber.
• 2. Manmade fiber.
• Natural Fiber:
• Natural fibers include those produced by plants, animals, and geological processes. They are
biodegradable over time. They can be classified according to their origin.
•
• A class name for various genera of fibers (including filaments) of:
• (1) animal (i.e., silk fiber and wool fiber);
• (2) mineral (i.e., asbestos fiber); or
• (3) vegetable origin (i.e., cotton fiber, flax fiber, jute fiber, and ramie fiber).
• Manmade Fiber:
• Synthetic or man-made fibers generally come from synthetic materials such as
petrochemicals. But some types of synthetic fibers are manufactured from natural cellulose;
including rayon, modal, and the more recently developed Lyocell. A class name for various
genera of fibers (including filaments) produced from fiber-forming substances which may be:
•
• (1) Polymers synthesized from chemical compounds, e.g., acrylic fiber, nylon fiber, polyester
fiber, polyethylene fiber, polyurethane fiber, and polyvinyl fibers;
•
• (2) Minerals, e.g., glasses. The term manufactured usually refers to all chemically produced
fibers to distinguish them from the truly natural fibers such as cotton, wool, silk, flax, etc.e.g:
Glass fiber,
4. PROPERTIES OF FIBERS
A) Physical Properties
1. Length
2. Fineness
3. Crimp
4. Maturity
5. Lusture
6. Softness
7. Resiliency
8. Work of rupture
9. Density
10. Appearance
11. Flexibility
12. Toughness
13. Elorgation
B)Mechanical Properties
1. Strength
2. Elasticity
3. Extensibility
4. Rigidity
6. PROPERTIES:
1. Upper Half Mean Length (in inches)
A. #1 Upland Virgin Staple 0.70 - 1.30
B. Gin Motes 0.50 - 0.80
C. Comber <0.50
D. First Cut linters 0.25- 0.50
2. Fiber Diameter
A. Micronaire 2.0 - 7.0
B. Approximate Denier 0.7 - 2.5
7. 3. Elastic Recovery (by percent)
A. At 2 % Extension 74
%
B. At 5% Extension 45
%
4. Breaking Elongation (dry) 3-
9.5
5. Tensile Strength (g per tex/g
per denier)
A. Dry 27
-
44
/
3.0
-
4.9
B. Wet 28
-
57
/
3.3
-
6.4
8. 6. Moisture Regain at Standard Conditions 7%
7. Water Absorbing Capacity (USP method) >24
grams of water per gram of fiber
8. Density (g/cm3) 1.54
9. Degree of Polymerization9,000 - 15,000
10. Crystallinity by X-ray Diffraction (average)
73%
11. Color (Whiteness Index)90 - 100
9. 12. Thermal Resistance
A. Long exposure to dry heat above 300
0
F will cause gradual decomposition
B. Temperatures greater than 475
0
F cause rapid deterioration
13. Acid Resistance
A. Disintegrated by hot dilute acids or cold concentrated acids
B. Unaffected by cold weak acids
14. Alkali Resistance
A. Swelling in NaOH above 15% concentration but no damage
15. Organic Solvent Resistance
A. Resistant to most common industrial and household solvents
12. PROPERTIES:
Tensile Strength: Linen is a strong fiber. It has a
tenacity of 5.5 to 6.5 gm/den. The strength is
greater than cotton fiber.
Elongation at break: Linen does not stress easily. It
has an elongation at break of 2.7 to 3.5 %.
Color: The color of linen fiber is yellowish to grey.
Length: 18 to 30 inch in length.
Lusture: It is brighter than cotton fiber and it is
slightly silky.
Elastic Recovery: Linen fiber has not enough elastic
recovery properties like cotton fiber
13. Moisture Regain (MR %): Standard moisture
regain is 10 to 12%.
Resiliency: Very poor.
Effect of Heat: Linen has an excellent resistance
to degradation by heat. It is less affected than
cotton fiber by the heat.
Effect of Sun Light: Linen fiber is not affected by
the sun light as others fiber. It has enough ability
to protect sun light.
14. Effect of Acids: Linen fiber is damaged by highly
densified acids but low dense acids does not
affect if it is wash instantly after application of
acids.
Effects of Alkalis: Linen has an excellent
resistance to alkalis. It does not affected by the
strong alkalis.
Effects of Bleaching Agents: Cool chlorine and
hypo-chlorine bleaching agent does not affect
the linen fiber properties.
Effect of Organic Solvent: Linen fiber has high
resistance to normal cleaning solvents.
15. Effect of Micro Organism: Linen fiber is attacked
by fungi and bacteria. Mildews will feed on linen
fabric, rotting and weakling the materials.
Mildews and bacteria will flourish on linen
under hot and humid condition. They can be
protected by impregnation with certain types of
chemicals. Copper Nepthenate is one of the
chemical.
Effects of Insects: Linen fiber does not attacked
by moth-grubs or beetles.
Dyes: It is not suitable to dye. But it can be dye
by direct and vat dyes.
19. • End use
• Jute is used for making yarn, twine, rope,
sacking, cloth, hessian cloth, carpet
backing cloth, carpet, mat, wall cloth,
shopping bag, and as packing materials.
21. PROPERTIES:
Composition: The silk fibre is chiefly composed of 80% of fibroin, which is
protein in nature and 20% of sericin, which is otherwise called as silk gum.
Strength: Silk as a fibre, has good tensile strength, which allows it to
withstand great pulling pressure. Silk is the strongest natural fibre and has
moderate abrasion resistance. The strength of the thrown yarns is mainly due
to the continuous length of the fibre. Spun silk yarn though strong is weaker
than thrown silk filament yarns.
Elasticity: Silk fibre is an elastic fibre and may be stretched from 1/7 to 1/5 of
its original length before breaking. It tends to return to its original size but
gradually loses little of its elasticity. This would mean that the fabric would be
less sagging and less binding resulting in the wearers comfort.
Resilience: Silk fabrics retain their shape and have moderate resistance to
wrinkling. Fabrics that are made from short – staple spun silk have less
resilience.
22. Drapability: Silk has a liability and suppleness that, aided
by its elasticity and resilience, gives it excellent
drapability.
Heat Conductivity: Silk is a protein fibre and is a non-
conductor of heat similar to that of wool. This makes silk
suitable for winter apparel.
Absorbency: Silk fabrics being protein in nature have
good absorbency. The absorptive capacity of the silk
fabric makes comfortable apparel even for warmer
atmosphere. Fabrics made from silk are comfortable in
the summer and warm in the winter. Silk fibre can
generally absorb about 11 percent of its weight in
moisture, but the range varies from 10 percent to as
much as 30 percent. This property is also a major factor in
silk’s ability to be printed and dyed easily.
23. Cleanliness and Washability: Silk fabric does not attract dirt
because of its smooth surface. The dirt, which gathers can be
easily removed by washing or dry cleaning. It is often
recommended for the silk garments to be dry-cleaned. Silk
fabrics should always be washed with a mild soap and strong
agitation in washing machine should be avoided. Silk water –
spot easily, but subsequent washing or dry cleaning will
restore the appearance of the fabric.
Reaction to Bleaches: Silk, like wool, is deteriorated with
chlorine bleaches like sodium hypochlorite. However, mild
bleach of hydrogen peroxide or sodium per borate may be
used for silk.
Shrinkage: Silk fabrics are subjected only to normal shrinkage
which can be restored by ironing. Crepe effect fabrics shrink
considerably in washing, but careful ironing with a moderately
hot iron will restore the fabric to its original size.
24. Effect of Heat: Silk is sensitive to heat and begins to decompose at 330° F
(165° C). The silk fabrics thus have to be ironed when damp.
Effect of Light: Silk fabric weakens on exposure to sun light. Raw silks are
more resistant to light than degummed silk.
Resistance to Mildew: Silks will not mildew unless left for sometime in a
damp state or under the extreme conditions of tropical dampness.
Resistance to Insects: Silk may be attacked by the larvae or clothe moths or
carpet beetles.
Reaction to Alkalis: Silk is not as sensitive as wool to alkalis, but it can be
damaged if the concentration and the temperature are high. A mild soap or
detergent in lukewarm water is thus advisable.
Reaction to Acids: Concentrated mineral acids will dissolve silk faster than
wool. Organic acids do not harm silk.
Affinity for Dyes: Silk has good absorbency and thus has good affinity for dyes.
Dyed silk is colourfast under most conditions, but its resistance to light is
unsatisfactory.
Resistance to Perspiration: Perspiration and sunlight weakens and yellows silk
fabrics. The silk itself deteriorates and the colour is affected causing staining.
Garments worn next to the skin should be washed or other wise cleaned after
each wearing.
25. USES:
Silk fiber is widely used to make different items.
In apparel industry Silk is used for making
Dresses, Blouses, Skirts, Jackets, Pants, Scarves
and ties.
30. PROPERTIES:
Moisture Absorption
It absorbs more moisture than cotton. Moisture Content of Coton is
6% at 70 deg F and 65% RH, and for Viscose Rayon it is 13% under the
same conditions.
Tensile Strength
The Tensile Strength of the fibre is less when the fibre is wet than
when dry. It is 1.5-2.4 gpd in the dry state and 0.7-1.2 gpd in the wet
state. For high tenacity variety the values are 3-4.6 gpd and 1.9 to 3.0
gpd.
Elasticity
The elasticity of Viscose Rayon is less than 2-3%. This is very important
in handling viscose yarns during weaving, stentering etc when sudden
tensions are applied.
31. Elongation at Break
Ordinary Viscose rayon has 15-30% elongation at break,
whule high tenacity rayon has only 9-17% elongation at
break.
Density
The density of Viscose rayon is 1.53 g/cc. Rayon filaments
are available in three densities: 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5
Action of Heat and Light
At 300 deg F or more, VR loses its strength and begins to
decompose at 350-400 deg F. Prolonged exposure to
sunlight also weakens the fibre due to moisture and
ultraviolet light of the sunlight.
32. Action of Acids:
The resistance of regenerated cellulose rayon’s to acids is
generally less than that of cotton to the same concentrations
of the same acids. Therefore , acid treatments must not be
too drastic with respect to concentration ,temperature and
time .Organic acids can be safely used in 1 to 2 percent
concentration without injury to the fiber. Inorganic acids such
as hydrochloric & nitric can be used in surprisingly strong
concentrations provided the temperatures are not too high
and the treatment is brief. Oxalic acid for removal of iron
stains is not recommended except at temperatures lower than
150°F.At high temperatures and concentrations all acid will
destroy or carbonize regenerated rayon’s. No harmful action
will result if applied at .5 to 3 percent solution at room
temperature.
33. Action of Solvents
Textile solvents can be used on Viscose rayon without any
deteriorating effect. Viscose rayon dissolves in
cuprammonium hydroxide solution.
Effect of Iron
Contact with iron in the form of ferrous hydroxide
weakens viscose rayon yarns. Therefore staining, marking
or touching of rayon to iron or iron surface should be
avoided.
Action of Microorganisms
Microorganisms ( moulds, mildew, fungus, bacteria) affect
the colour, strength, dyeing properties and lustre of
rayon. Clean and dry viscose rayon is rarely attacked by
moulds and mildew.
34. USES:
• ayon typically has an elevated luster quality giving it a
brilliant gloss
• Mainly, Rayon fibres are used in apparel industry such
as Aloha shirts, blouses, dresses, Jackets, Lingerie,
scarves, suits, ties, hats and socks…,
• Some rayon fibres are for filling in Zippo lighters,
furnishings including bedspreads, bedsheets, blankets,
window covers, upholstery and slipcovers..,
• For industrial purposes such as medical surgery
products, non-woven items, tire cord and some other
uses like diapers, towels, feminine hygiene products..,
36. PROPERTIES:
• Length
• The length of the acrylic fibre can be controlled. That means, it may be in filament or staple
form.
• Fineness
• Fineness of this fibre is also controllable. The filament yarns are made 75 to 200 denier
ranges while staple fibres are made 2 and 3 denier cut into 1.5”, 2”, 3” and 4” length.
• Strength and Extension
• It is fairly strong fibre. Its tenacity is 5 gm per denier in dry state and 4.8 gm per denier in wet
state. Extension at break is 15%. Good recovery from deformation.
• Elasticity
• It has an elastic recovery of 85% after 4% extension when the load is extremely released.
• - See more at: http://textileapex.blogspot.com/2015/03/properties-of-acrylic-
fibre.html#sthash.KpQfZWf9.dpuf
37. • Cross-sectional shape
• Normally round but cross-section of this fibre could be varied.
•
• Appearance
• It is about 30% bulkier than wool. Regarding insulating warmth, it has
about 20% greater insulating power than wool.
•
• Effects of chemical
• Acid: It has good resistance to mineral acid.
• Alkali: The resistance to weak alkali is fairly good but hot strong alkali
damages this fibre.
• Solvent: It has excellent resistance to common solvents, oils, greases, and
natural salts.
• Water: moisture regain of this fibre varies from 1.5% to 3%. Easy to wash
and quick drying.
• - See more at: http://textileapex.blogspot.com/2015/03/properties-of-
acrylic-fibre.html#sthash.KpQfZWf9.dpuf
38. • Effect of heat and sunlight
• This fiber has very good thermal stability. Safe ironing temperature
is at 1600C. At 230 – 2350C acrylic sticks with the iron i.e. melting
occurs. High temperature may sometime causes yellowing of this
fibre.
•
• Effect of Biological agents
• This fibre is unaffected by mildew, moulds, larves and insects.
•
• End use
• 100% acrylic is used mainly in sweater, jersey, knit outer wear fabric
and blankets. It is used as a blend component with cotton,
viscose, wool etc. It has good warmth and recovery property. It is
also used for making carpet due to good resiliency property.
• - See more at: http://textileapex.blogspot.com/2015/03/properties-
of-acrylic-fibre.html#sthash.KpQfZWf9.dpuf
40. PROPERTIES:
• Tenacity: Polyester filaments and staple fibre are
strong due to their crystalline nature. The crystalline
nature permits for the formation of highly effective
Vander wall’s forces as well as since hydrogen bonds
which provided the fibre its good tenacity. The tenacity
remains unchanged when wet since the fibre resists
the entry of water molecules to a significant extent.
• Elastic plastic nature: The very crystallinity of the fibre
prevents wrinkling and creasing. Repeated stretching
and straining causes, distortion of the polymer system
as the Vander wall’s forces cannot withstand much
stretching.
41. Thermal properties: It is a poor heat conductor
and it has low resistance to heat. It melts on
heating. Polyester textile materials can be
permanently heat-set. It is a thermoplastic fibre
meaning that it is capable of being shaped or
turned when heated. Thermoplastic fibres
heated under strictly controlled temperatures
soften and can then be made to similar to a flat,
creased or pleated configuration. When cooled
thermoplastic fibres retain the new
configuration.
42. • Effect of acids: These polymers are resistant to acids.
• Effetc of alkalis: Alkaline conditions as seen in laundering
hydrolyse the ester groups in polyester polymers. The
crystalline nature prohibits hydrolysis to a greater extent
and it is the surface of filament which gets hydrolysed.
Continued laundering results in hydrolysis and materials get
fewer as the surface film of the fibre gets lost.
• Effect of bleaches: It does nor requie bleaching. It retains
its whiteness and requires only chlorine bleaches to be
used when essential.
• Sunlight: It withstands the sun’s ultra-violate radiations and
is resistant to acidic pollutants in atmosphere.
• Color Fastness: It is not easy for dye molecule to penetrate
the fibre when dyed, it retains its color after regular wash.
• Micro-Organisms: It is resistant to bacteria and other mcro-
organisms.
43. USES:
Polyester is used in the manufacturing of all
kinds of clothes and home furnishings like
bedspreads, sheets, pillows, furniture, carpets
and even curtains. The disco clothing of the 70s
with all its jazz and flash was made of polyester.