This is one of a type of Analog to Digital Converter (ADC).
Through this presentation, you will have a clear view of how an ADC works. This one specifies one of the types of Analog to Digital Convertor.
This presentation contains the basics of feedback, types of feedback connection & properties of the negative feedback amplifier. Numericals based on the properties are solved & given for practice.
This is one of a type of Analog to Digital Converter (ADC).
Through this presentation, you will have a clear view of how an ADC works. This one specifies one of the types of Analog to Digital Convertor.
This presentation contains the basics of feedback, types of feedback connection & properties of the negative feedback amplifier. Numericals based on the properties are solved & given for practice.
This presentation contains the basic information you need to know about operational amplifier.
I have tried to cover all the basic info. If anything is left out or you have any suggestions i will appreciate it.
The performance obtainable from a single-stage amplifier is often insufficient for many applications, hence several stages may be combined forming a multistage amplifier. These stages are connected in cascade, i.e. output of the first stage is connected to form input of second stage, whose output becomes input of third stage, and so on.
thank u
Hansraj MEENA
Colpitts Oscillator - Working and Applicationselprocus
We provide you Project Colpitts Oscillator - Working and Applications.You can choose the best of your choice and interest from the list of topics we suggested. All new project ideas that are appearing focuses to improve the knowledge of Engineering students.
https://www.elprocus.com
Visit our page to get more ideas on Project Report Format for Final Year Engineering Students these ideas developed by professionals.
Elprocus provides free verified electronic projects kits around the world with abstracts, circuit diagrams, and free electronic software. We provide guidance manual for Do It Yourself Kits (DIY) with the modules at best price along with free shipping.
Original Uni-junction transistor or UJT is a simple device in which a bar of N-type semiconductor material into which P-type material is diffused; somewhere along its length defining the device parameter as intrinsic standoff. The 2N2646 is the most commonly used version of UJT.
A unijunction transistor (UJT) is a three-lead electronic semiconductor device with only one junction that acts exclusively as an electrically controlled switch.
The UJT is not used as a linear amplifier. It is used in free-running oscillators, synchronized or triggered oscillators, and pulse generation circuits at low to moderate frequencies (hundreds of kilohertz). It is widely used in the triggering circuits for silicon controlled rectifiers. The low cost per unit, combined with its unique characteristic, have warranted its use in a wide variety of applications like oscillators, pulse generators, saw-tooth generators, triggering circuits, phase control, timing circuits, and voltage- or current-regulated supplies.[1] The original unijunction transistor types are now considered obsolete, but a later multi-layer device, the programmable unijunction transistor (PUT), is still widely available.
This presentation contains the basic information you need to know about operational amplifier.
I have tried to cover all the basic info. If anything is left out or you have any suggestions i will appreciate it.
The performance obtainable from a single-stage amplifier is often insufficient for many applications, hence several stages may be combined forming a multistage amplifier. These stages are connected in cascade, i.e. output of the first stage is connected to form input of second stage, whose output becomes input of third stage, and so on.
thank u
Hansraj MEENA
Colpitts Oscillator - Working and Applicationselprocus
We provide you Project Colpitts Oscillator - Working and Applications.You can choose the best of your choice and interest from the list of topics we suggested. All new project ideas that are appearing focuses to improve the knowledge of Engineering students.
https://www.elprocus.com
Visit our page to get more ideas on Project Report Format for Final Year Engineering Students these ideas developed by professionals.
Elprocus provides free verified electronic projects kits around the world with abstracts, circuit diagrams, and free electronic software. We provide guidance manual for Do It Yourself Kits (DIY) with the modules at best price along with free shipping.
Original Uni-junction transistor or UJT is a simple device in which a bar of N-type semiconductor material into which P-type material is diffused; somewhere along its length defining the device parameter as intrinsic standoff. The 2N2646 is the most commonly used version of UJT.
A unijunction transistor (UJT) is a three-lead electronic semiconductor device with only one junction that acts exclusively as an electrically controlled switch.
The UJT is not used as a linear amplifier. It is used in free-running oscillators, synchronized or triggered oscillators, and pulse generation circuits at low to moderate frequencies (hundreds of kilohertz). It is widely used in the triggering circuits for silicon controlled rectifiers. The low cost per unit, combined with its unique characteristic, have warranted its use in a wide variety of applications like oscillators, pulse generators, saw-tooth generators, triggering circuits, phase control, timing circuits, and voltage- or current-regulated supplies.[1] The original unijunction transistor types are now considered obsolete, but a later multi-layer device, the programmable unijunction transistor (PUT), is still widely available.
Electrical current, voltage, resistance, capacitance, and inductance are a few of the basic elements of electronics and radio. Apart from current, voltage, resistance, capacitance, and inductance, there are many other interesting elements to electronic technology. ... Use Electronics Notes to learn electronics online.
Electrical current, voltage, resistance, capacitance, and inductance are a few of the basic elements of electronics and radio. Apart from current, voltage, resistance, capacitance, and inductance, there are many other interesting elements to electronic technology. ... Use Electronics Notes to learn electronics online.
Electrical current, voltage, resistance, capacitance, and inductance are a few of the basic elements of electronics and radio. Apart from current, voltage, resistance, capacitance, and inductance, there are many other interesting elements to electronic technology. ... Use Electronics Notes to learn electronics online.
Electrical current, voltage, resistance, capacitance, and inductance are a few of the basic elements of electronics and radio. Apart from current, voltage, resistance, capacitance, and inductance, there are many other interesting elements to electronic technology. ... Use Electronics Notes to learn electronics online.
Electrical current, voltage, resistance, capacitance, and inductance are a few of the basic elements of electronics and radio. Apart from current, voltage, resistance, capacitance, and inductance, there are many other interesting elements to electronic technology. ... Use Electronics Notes to learn electronics online.
1.SINGLE PHASE HALF WAVE CONTROLLED CONVERTER WITH RESISTIVEINDUCTIVE LOAD
2 SINGLE PHASE FULLY CONTROLLED CONVERTER WITH RESISTIVEINDUCTIVE LOAD
3 SPEED CONTROL OF 3-PHASE SLIP RING (WOUND ROTOR) INDUCTION MOTOR
4 THYRISTORISED DRIVE FOR DC MOTOR WITH CLOSED LOOP CONTROL
5 THYRISTORISED DRIVE FOR PMDC MOTOR WITH SPEED MEASUREMENT & CLOSED LOOP CONTROL
6 SPEED MEASUREMENT OF PMDC MOTOR WITH CLOSED LOOP CONTROL
7 IGBT USING SINGLE 4 QUADRANT CHOPPER DRIVE FOR PMDC MOTOR WITH SPEED MEASUREMENT AND CLOSED LOOP AND CONTROL
8 SINGLE PHASE CYCLO CONVERTER BASED AC INDUCTION MOTOR CONTROLLER
9 THREE PHASE INPUT THYRISTORISED DRIVE 3HP DC MOTOR WITH CLOSED LOOP CONTROL
10 THREE PHASE INPUT IGBT DRIVE FOR 4 QUADRANT CHOPPER OF 3HP DC MOTOR WITH CLOSED LOOP CONTROL
Several types of oscillators exist. In your own words, describeThe.pdfaktarfaran25
Several stock valuation models were described in the chapter, including zero-growth, constant
growth, variable growth, free cash flow, book value, and P/E multiple models. Which of these do
you believe would generate the most accurate value estimates for most firms? what about firms
that focus on EBITA over earnings? For example, some firms use the interest on debt to offset
earnings? Explain/elaborate your choice.
Solution
Out of all the methods listed above PE ratio is the best indicator for almost all the sectors (apart
from banking sector), the reason being that PE ratio being a valuation model which takes into
consideration the earnings as well as the current market price. Having MPS makes it relevant
from an equity investing standd point.
However in certain sectors like banking sector, the size of book assets determine the value of the
company and not the earnings, hence in such situations we should consider Book value to Market
cap ratio for inter company comparison.
Incase of financially leveraged company, where the entire sector is high financial leverage, EV /
EBITA can be used to compare two companies.
Also, it is highly advisable to not to look at a ratio in isolation, but to take a holistic approach in
investment decisions..
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Planning Of Procurement o different goods and services
Types of time base generators
1. TYPES OF
TIME BASE GENERATORS
1) UJT as RELAXATION OSCILLATOR.
2) MILLER SWEEP GENERATOR.
3) BOOTSTRAP RAMP GENERATOR.
4) CURRENT TIME BASE
GENERATOR.
3. Equivalent circuit.
Discharging of capacitor through UJT generates saw-
tooth waveform.
When VBB is connected, it will start charging the
capacitor through R1.
The capacitor keeps on charging until the voltage
across it becomes equal to 0.7V .
4. We take output across the capacitor ‘C’.
During the charging process, the voltage across
capacitor increases until it reaches its peak value.
At the peak value the UJT is switched ON and it
starts conducting.
5. When the UJT starts conducting , the capacitor
starts discharging between emitter and B1.
When the capacitor voltage become zero, the
capacitor again starts charging.
The frequency of the o/p saw-tooth waveform can
be varied by changing the value of R1 resistor, since
this controls the time constant(R1C) of the
capacitor charging circuit.
FORMULA
t=2.3R1Clog10(1/1-ŋ)
t=R1Cloge(1/1-ŋ)
VC=VBB[1-e^(-t/R1C)]
7. Q1 acts as a switch and Q2 acts as a CE configuration
high gain amplifier.
When Q1 is ON, Q2 is OFF.
At this instance o/p voltage across capacitor is
equal to VCC.
If a pulse of negative polarity is applied, then Q1 is
reverse biased and it is switched OFF. Q2 then is
switched ON.
Since Q2 conducts, o/p voltage begins to decrease
towards zero.
When the i/p pulse is removed the capacitor again
begins to charge.
10. The transistor Q1 acts as a switch and Q2 as an unity
gain amplifier.
Suppose the transistor Q1 is ON and Q2 is OFF.
The capacitor C1 begins to charge to VCC through the
diode forward resistance RE.
At this instant, the output voltage Vo is zero.
When negative pulse is applied to the base of transistor
Q1, it turns OFF.
The output voltage (Vo) is the same as the base voltage
of transistor Q2.
Diode is reversed biased. Capacitor ‘C’ starts charging.
Output voltage begins to increase from zero.
11. Since the value of capacitor C1 is much larger than that
of capacitor C, therefore the voltage across capacitor
C1 practically remains constant.
Thus the voltage drop across the resistor R also remains
constant because of this, the current iR through the
resistor also remains constant.
This causes the voltage across the capacitor C (and
hence the output voltage) to increase linearly with time.
13. There are 3 important blocks-constant current source,
capacitor and a switch.
During the sweep interval, the capacitor ‘C’ is charged by
the constant current.
When the sweep waveform reaches to its maximum
value VS the switch opens and does not allow the current
to flow further.
The capacitor ‘C’ starts discharging.
The o/p voltage waveform is measured across the
capacitor.