topic micro irrigation system (MIS) filters and design

1. More crop per drop

2. Sher-e-Kashmir
University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology
Shalimar Campus, Srinagar
TRAINING SEMINAR
Topic :- Micro Irrigation (filters)
Presented by :-
Ahmad Ali (BTech-2013-124)

3. Training Schedule:
 Indian Institute Of Soil And Water Conservation, Chandigarh
(2nd Dec to 31 Dec 2017)
 Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal
(2nd Jan to 31 January 2017)
 Jain irrigation system ltd jalgoan Maharashtra
(6th of Feb to 4th of March 2017)
 Central Institute Of Temperate Horticulture, Rangreth, Srinagar
(15th of March to 29th of March 2017)

4. Micro Irrigation is
 An irrigation system for distribution of water directly
to the plant root zone by means of surface or
subsurface application.
 The application of water to the field by the proper
channel under the given standard pressure.
 The application of water drop by drop to the root
zone to maintain field capacity near root zone
(clay 25%-35%. Loam soil 15%. Sandy soil 8%-
12%).

5. Global scenario of drip and
sprinkler irrigation
S.No
Country Total irrigated
area
Sprinkler irrigation Micro Irrigation Total
sprinkler and
micro
irrigation
Percentage of
total irrigated
area
Year of
reporting
(M ha) ha
1 USA 24.7 123,48,178 16,39,676 139,87,854 56.5 2009
2 India 60.9 30,44,940 18,97,280 49,42,220 8.1 2010
3 China 59.3 29,26,710 16,69,270 45,95,980 7.8 2009
4 Brazil 5.80 38,57,104 6,21,346 44,78,450 77.3 2013
6 Russia 4.5 25,00,000 47,000 25,47,000 56.6 2012
7 Israel 0.231 60,000 1,70,000 2,30,000 99.6 2000
8 UK 0.11 1,05,000 6,000 1,11,000 100.0 2005
9 Slovenia 0.0073 8,072 733 8,805 100.0 2009
Sources:- ICID Annual Report 2015-16

6. Current scenario of micro irrigation
in different states of India
1 Maharashtra 28%
2 Gujarat 13%
3 Jammu & Kashmir 12%
4 Madhya Pradesh 4%
5 Rajasthan 2%
6 Punjab 1.3%
7 Haryana 0.7%
8 Chhattisgarh 0.4%
Sources : Early times 9 Febuary,2017

7. Why we need micro irrigation?
 Production can be increased by 30% -200%.
 Water saving 30% -70%.
 Water usage efficiency is 95%.
 By MIS field capacity can be maintained.
 All type of land can be irrigated (slope, uneven, flat etc.)
 it Reduces waterlogging problem.
 Weed can be controlled.
 Fertilizer can be applied with water (water soluble) and can be applied at correct proportion
 It can be very helpful in arid region e.g. ladakh, Rajasthan
 Its very attractive and smart type of irrigation

8. Layout Micro irrigation system

9. Different component of drip
irrigation system
Water sources
Pump
By pass valve
NRV
Filters
Venturi
ARV
Ball valve
Main line
Sub main
Lateral
End stop
End flush valve
dripper

10. Filters
 Filters are the devices in with unwanted particles
are removed by gravity, centrifugal, and size.
 In MIS filters are used for removing the sand, silt,
clay and biological impurities.
 Filters prevents the system from choking.

11. Different types of filters
Vertical
sand filter
Horizontal
sand filter
Primary filter Secondary filter Tertiary filter
Screen
filter
Disc filter
Hydro
cyclone sand
separator
Jain sand
separator

12. Hydro cyclone sand filter
It’s the filter used to remove the
heavy particle (sand silt and
clay)from water with the help of
centrifugal force.
Its installed at the first position of
the MIS

13. Working of hydro cyclone
 Water enters through the inlet.
 Rotate in 360°.
 Centrifugal force act on the heavier particle.
 As we approaches down velocity decrease
and gravity act on it.
 Heavier particles settle down.
 Water free from heavier impurities are
conveyed through the outlet.

14. J Sand separator
This filter is used to remove the
heavy particle with the help of
centrifugal force
This filter is more efficient than
hydro cyclone

15. Working of J sand separator
 Water enters from the inlet in to the upper chamber
and rotate in 360°
 It enters into the inner cylinder through the slant holes
 Water inside the cylinder acts four type of forces.
(centripetal, centrifugal, gravity, bouncy)
 As we approaches to the bottom velocity decrease and
the heavy particle settles down in the lower chamber.
 The accumulated sand and clay are removed frequently

16. Secondary filters
 Secondary filter are used for removal of
biological impurities
 Its installed at the second position after
hydro cyclone
 These filters are necessary for pond, lakes,
rivers etc. where there is biological
impurities

17. Horizontal sand filter ( J-clean master)
Description
 Made of carbon steel or mild steel
 Inlet and outlet flange type
 Coated with epoxy powder of 75 micron thick.
 Operating pressure is 10kg/cm2
 Pressure loss up to 5m
 Perforated pipe facing upward for uniform
distribution of water over the sand
 Candle filter is used to prevent sand to the main line.
 Filtration media silica sand of size 1mm -2mm

18. Construction of horizontal sand
filter (smart clean filter)
 Inlet and outlet
 Perforation pipe
 Candle filter
 Backwashing valve
 Lid

19. Working of horizontal sand filter
 Water enters through the inlet into the upward perforated pipe
 Water strikes the upper part of cylinder
 Water is filtered through the silica sand (3D filtration) having the
size of 1mm
 Biological impurities are trapped on the surface of the sand.
 Water is passed through the silica sand of 1-2mm and enters into
the candle of filtration mesh .4mm.
 From the candle water is passed through the outlet to the system.

20. Vertical sand filter (filtro master)
DESCRIPTION
 Made of carbon steel or mild steel
 Inlet and outlet flange type
 Coated with epoxy powder of 75 micron thick.
 Operating pressure is 10kg/cm2
 Pressure loss up to 5m
 Mushroom filter are used at the bottom of the sand to
prevent sand into the main line
 Filtration media silica sand of size 1mm -2mm
–

21. Construction of filtro master
 Inlet
 Perforated pipes
 Mushroom filter
 Lower chamber
 Back wash valve
 outlet

22. Working of vertical sand filter
 Water enters through the inlet into the upper perforation
pipe.
 Water strikes the upper part of cylinder and uniformly spread
over the sand .
 Water is filtered through the silica sand (3D filtration) having
the size of 1mm
 Biological impurities are trapped on the surface of the sand.
 After filtration water is passed through the mushroom into
the lower chamber.
 From inner chamber water is conveyed to the system.

23. Tertiary filter
 Its compulsory filter used to filter small
size particle which are not filtered by the
primary and secondary filter
 this filter is installed after the primary and
secondary filter

24. Construction of screen filter
 Filters
 Upper cap
 Base
 Inlet and Outlet
 Clamp
 Ring
 Flush valve

25. Working of screen filter
 Water inter through the inlet into the outer chamber
and create pressure on the screen.
 It passes through the screen leaving behind the
impurities of size >100 micron
 From the inner chamber clean water is passed through
the outlet to the system.

26. Disc filter
 This filter is used for the filtration of
small impurities greater then 100
micron.
 This filter is used in place of screen
filter.
 Its used for deep well and bore well.

27. Construction of disc clean filter
 Disc Filter
 Base
 Cap
 Inlet and outlet

28. Working of screen filter
 Water inter through the inlet into the outer chamber
and create pressure on the discs.
 It passes through the disc filter leaving behind the
impurities of size >100 micron
 From the inner chamber clean water is passed through
the outlet to the system.

29. Design of micro irrigation system
Design procedure of micro irrigation system
 Calculation of peak water requirement.
 Selection of inline tube.
 Design and selection of inline tube.
 Design and selection of sub main.
 Design and selection of main.
 Selection of filters and fertigation equipment.
 Design and selection of pump.
 Design and selection of fitting accessories.

30. Calculation of peak water requirement
PWR =
𝐴×𝐵×𝐶
𝐸
A = potential evapotranspiration
B = crop factor
C = canopy factor
E = efficiency of system ( for drip 90% and for sprinkler 80%)

31. Selection of inline tube
Selection factor Type of inline tube
Type of crop Close spacing or large spacing
Water requirement and soil type High discharge or low discharge
Land terrain Pc or non pc
Electricity available High discharge or low discharge

32. Water application rate
WAR =
𝐷𝐷
𝐼𝐼𝑆×𝐷𝐷𝑆
DD = dripper discharge
IIS = inline inline spacing
DDS = dripper dripper spacing

33. Irrigation time and number of irrigation
Irrigation time =
𝑃𝑊𝑅
𝑊𝐴𝑅
PWR = peak water requirement
WAR = application rate
Number of irrigation =
𝐸𝐴
𝐼𝑇
EA = electricity available
IT = irrigation time

34. Design and selection of inline tube
 Material (LLDP ).
 Diameter of inline tube (12mm,16mm,20mm).
 Length of lateral to be run depends on .
1)SDR – specific discharge rate.
SDR=
𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒
𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔
2) Topography.
3) Limiting frictional head loss up to 2m.

35. Design and selection of sub main
 Material PVC or HDPE
 Size (50mm,63mm, 75mm)
 SDR specific discharge rate (lph /m)
SPR =
𝑛𝑜 𝑜𝑓𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑏𝑦 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛×DD
𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑢𝑏 𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛
 Topography
 Length of sub main less then 2m loss

36. Design and selection of main line
 Material
 Size 63mm, 75mm,90mm,110mm and above
 Sectional flow (lps) =
𝑛𝑜 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑏𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 ×𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒
3600
 Head loss not more then 2m.

37. Design and selection of filters and
fertigation equipment
Filter capacity = 3.6 × Q main
Filters Water sources impurities
Sand separator /cyclone
filter
Canal, pond, dam, dam,
farm pond, tube well
Heavier than water
Sand filter Open well exposed to sun
light – open well, canal,
river, dam, farm pond,
Lighter then water
Algae and plant residue
Screen filter
( compulsory filter)
All water sources Fine silt and clay particle
Disc filter
precision filter
Open well, tube well, farm
pond,
Fine silt, clay, algae, plant
residue, organic matter

38. Selection of Venturi injector
 Motive flow of Venturi =
𝑄𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛
2
Sources :- Jain irrigation system ltd
Motive flow
(𝒎 𝟑/hr)
Venturi size
(inch)
Pressure
difference
(kg/𝒄𝒎 𝟐
)
Suction rate
(lph)
5 2 0.8 - 1 1400 - 1900
3 1.5 0.8 - 1 800 – 1200
2.5 1.25 0.8 - 1 400 – 550
1.5 1.5 0.8 - 1 150 – 30
.75 0.75 0.8 - 1 40 - 60

39. Design and selection of pump
HP =
𝑄×𝐻
75×𝑎×𝑏
Q =required discharge
H = total head
A = efficiency of motor
B = efficiency of pump
Total head = suction/delivery head + head loss in fittings+ head loss in mains+
operating pressure loss+ head loss in fittings + head loss in venturi + elevation loss

40. Drip system design for kvk kargil by syntax as water sources

41. Condition of farmer Before drip

42. Condition of farmer After drip

43. conclusion
 Improves the water use efficiency
 Suitable for the arid regions like Ladakh, Rajasthan and Lahaul-Spiti region of H.P.
 Production can be maximize
 Weed growth can be controlled
 Minimizes the soil erosion
 Improves soil health
 Precise fertigation