This document discusses key considerations for dairy plant design and layout. The perishable nature of milk means time is the most important factor. Plant layout must account for seasonal capacity fluctuations and prioritize hygiene. Milk reception dock equipment must efficiently handle the volume of milk received via cans or tankers while quickly cooling the milk. Flexible design allows adaptation to changing supply and demand conditions over time.
EVAPORATION AND CONCENTRATION OF FOOD.pptxUnnimayaK4
Evaporation is commonly used to remove water from dilute foods to produce concentrated liquid products. It involves boiling the food to evaporate water. This increases microbiological stability and reduces costs of transportation and storage. Various methods are used including open kettle, thin film evaporation, and vacuum evaporation. Multiple effect evaporators connect several evaporators together to improve efficiency by using vapor from one effect to heat the next. Factors like heat transfer rate and viscosity influence the evaporation process. Common applications are producing concentrated juices, coffee extracts, evaporated milk, and reducing volumes of foods prior to further processing.
Evaporation is commonly used in the food industry to remove water from dilute liquids and produce concentrated liquid products like tomato paste. A single effect evaporator uses steam to heat the product, while multi-effect evaporators improve efficiency by using vapor from previous effects as the heating medium. Characteristics of the liquid food affect the evaporation process, as concentration increases heat transfer is reduced due to higher boiling points and viscosity. Proper design of the evaporator type and operation parameters are needed to concentrate foods while avoiding overheating and degradation.
This document discusses the dielectric properties of food materials. It explains that dielectric properties are important for understanding how foods interact with electric fields and determine heating in dielectric processes. The key factors that influence dielectric properties in foods are frequency, water content, temperature, and material density. Different methods are used to measure dielectric properties, including transmission line, coaxial probe, and cavity perturbation techniques. Examples of measuring the dielectric constant of whey protein and pumpable foods like milk and purees under static and flowing conditions are provided. Understanding dielectric properties is important for food quality testing and process equipment design.
Screening and-filtration in food science and technologyMuhammad waqas
Filtration is the process of separating solids from fluids by passing the fluid through a porous medium that retains the solids. There are different types of filtration including surface filtration using screens or sieves, and depth filtration where particles are retained within the tortuous paths of the medium. Filtration has various applications in industries like pharmaceuticals and wastewater treatment. Mechanical screening is used to separate materials into grades by particle size and involves vibrating screens to facilitate separation based on factors like vibration, density, and particle shape.
a brief of raw milk reception dock
here you will find images depicting chilling centre, transportation mode,how cleaning and sanitation of tanks are done type of tanks , how milk is weighed
You will find some important key points read every point carefully
every point and data is taken from some book or reseaech paper
Cream separation is a process that uses centrifugal force to separate milk into cream and skim milk based on the density difference between milk fat and skim milk. There are two main types of cream separation - the gravity method where milk is allowed to separate naturally over time, and the centrifugal method where a mechanical separator spins the milk rapidly. The centrifugal method is now used commercially as it is much faster than the gravity method. Common centrifugal separators include tubular bowl and disc bowl centrifuges.
Freezing is a key step in ice cream production that incorporates air into the mix to give it a light, creamy texture. There are two main types of freezers - batch and continuous. Batch freezers freeze individual batches while continuous freezers continuously feed and freeze the mix. Both utilize a freezing cylinder and dasher to freeze and incorporate air into the mix, though continuous freezers operate under pressure. Proper freezing results in small ice crystals that give ice cream a smooth body and texture.
Design Of Freezing Equipments in Food Industry.Shahnaz Mol. S
Freezing, or solidification, is a phase transition in which a liquid turns into a solid when its temperature is lowered below its freezing point. Food freezing equipments can be classified depending on the heat transfer medium
EVAPORATION AND CONCENTRATION OF FOOD.pptxUnnimayaK4
Evaporation is commonly used to remove water from dilute foods to produce concentrated liquid products. It involves boiling the food to evaporate water. This increases microbiological stability and reduces costs of transportation and storage. Various methods are used including open kettle, thin film evaporation, and vacuum evaporation. Multiple effect evaporators connect several evaporators together to improve efficiency by using vapor from one effect to heat the next. Factors like heat transfer rate and viscosity influence the evaporation process. Common applications are producing concentrated juices, coffee extracts, evaporated milk, and reducing volumes of foods prior to further processing.
Evaporation is commonly used in the food industry to remove water from dilute liquids and produce concentrated liquid products like tomato paste. A single effect evaporator uses steam to heat the product, while multi-effect evaporators improve efficiency by using vapor from previous effects as the heating medium. Characteristics of the liquid food affect the evaporation process, as concentration increases heat transfer is reduced due to higher boiling points and viscosity. Proper design of the evaporator type and operation parameters are needed to concentrate foods while avoiding overheating and degradation.
This document discusses the dielectric properties of food materials. It explains that dielectric properties are important for understanding how foods interact with electric fields and determine heating in dielectric processes. The key factors that influence dielectric properties in foods are frequency, water content, temperature, and material density. Different methods are used to measure dielectric properties, including transmission line, coaxial probe, and cavity perturbation techniques. Examples of measuring the dielectric constant of whey protein and pumpable foods like milk and purees under static and flowing conditions are provided. Understanding dielectric properties is important for food quality testing and process equipment design.
Screening and-filtration in food science and technologyMuhammad waqas
Filtration is the process of separating solids from fluids by passing the fluid through a porous medium that retains the solids. There are different types of filtration including surface filtration using screens or sieves, and depth filtration where particles are retained within the tortuous paths of the medium. Filtration has various applications in industries like pharmaceuticals and wastewater treatment. Mechanical screening is used to separate materials into grades by particle size and involves vibrating screens to facilitate separation based on factors like vibration, density, and particle shape.
a brief of raw milk reception dock
here you will find images depicting chilling centre, transportation mode,how cleaning and sanitation of tanks are done type of tanks , how milk is weighed
You will find some important key points read every point carefully
every point and data is taken from some book or reseaech paper
Cream separation is a process that uses centrifugal force to separate milk into cream and skim milk based on the density difference between milk fat and skim milk. There are two main types of cream separation - the gravity method where milk is allowed to separate naturally over time, and the centrifugal method where a mechanical separator spins the milk rapidly. The centrifugal method is now used commercially as it is much faster than the gravity method. Common centrifugal separators include tubular bowl and disc bowl centrifuges.
Freezing is a key step in ice cream production that incorporates air into the mix to give it a light, creamy texture. There are two main types of freezers - batch and continuous. Batch freezers freeze individual batches while continuous freezers continuously feed and freeze the mix. Both utilize a freezing cylinder and dasher to freeze and incorporate air into the mix, though continuous freezers operate under pressure. Proper freezing results in small ice crystals that give ice cream a smooth body and texture.
Design Of Freezing Equipments in Food Industry.Shahnaz Mol. S
Freezing, or solidification, is a phase transition in which a liquid turns into a solid when its temperature is lowered below its freezing point. Food freezing equipments can be classified depending on the heat transfer medium
Unit operation in Food Processing. Preliminary Unit operation
Cleaning, sorting & Grading - aims, methods and applications
2. Size Reduction and Sieve Analysis
Theory of comminution; Calculation of energy required during size reduction. Crushing efficiency; Size reduction equipment; Size reduction of fibrous, dry and liquid foods; effects of size reduction on sensory characteristics and nutritive value of food
Sieving: Separation based on size (mesh size); types of screens; effectiveness of screens
3. Mixing
Mixing, Agitating, kneading, blending, homogenization and related equipment
4. Separation Processes
Principles of Filtration, Sedimentation, Crystallization and Distillation and equipment used
This document discusses advances in drying technologies, specifically focusing on intensification of drying rates and multistaging of convective dryers. It describes how intensified heat and mass transfer allows for higher drying rates and smaller dryer sizes. Multistage dryers better optimize drying by removing surface moisture separately from internal moisture using different dryer types or dryer zones. Specific drying technologies covered include fluidized bed dryers and their modifications, as well as spray drying and freeze drying processes.
This document discusses microwave technology in food applications. It begins by describing the properties of microwaves, including their wavelength and frequency approved for food. It then explains how microwaves are absorbed by polar molecules in food, causing heating through molecular friction. Microwave heating is described as uniform throughout the food, unlike conventional heating which occurs from the surface in. Several food applications of microwaves are listed, including baking, cooking, drying, and enzyme inactivation. The document concludes by noting the magnetron is commonly used to generate microwaves in microwave ovens and tunnel ovens.
This document discusses various methods of modified atmospheric storage (MAS) for different agricultural products. MAS involves altering the proportions of gases like CO2, O2, and N2 surrounding stored products. For grains, MAS creates anoxic atmospheres lethal to pests through high CO2, low O2, or hermetic storage. For meat, common gases are CO2, which is bacteriostatic, and O2/N2. CO2 inhibits enzymes and microbes in meat. For fruits and vegetables, low O2 reduces respiration and ripening while high CO2 and humidity preserve quality. Roots and tubers heal in high humidity and temperatures after harvest. Low temperatures of 4-10°C also
Condensed milks are the products obtained by evaporating part of the water of whole milk, or fully or partly skimmed milk, with or with without the addition of sugar.
This document discusses dough rheology and various equipment used to analyze dough properties. It defines dough as a wet mass developed by mixing wheat flour, water, and other ingredients. Dough undergoes viscosity changes during mixing as it develops elastic and extensible characteristics. Equipment described includes the farinograph, extensograph, alveograph, mixograph, amylograph, and rapid visco analyzer. These tools measure properties like water absorption, viscosity, elasticity, and strength to evaluate dough development and quality.
xtrusion, Extruders types,Changes during extrusion, difference b|w Extrusion ...Muhammad Waseem
This document discusses extrusion, including its history, types of extruders, components of extruders, and applications. It covers key topics like:
- Extrusion gained popularity due to its versatility, cost-effectiveness, and high productivity.
- The main types of extruders are single-screw and twin-screw extruders. Twin-screw extruders can be co-rotating or counter-rotating.
- Extruders consist of major components like the pre-conditioning system, feeding system, screw, barrel, and die.
- During extrusion, physicochemical changes occur like starch gelatinization, protein denaturation, and
antimicrobial packaging a type of active packaging in which antimicrobial agents are added to a conventional packaging or it maybe a inheriant just like chitosan. its is considered third type of packaging to prevent microbial decay and hence enhance selflife of package
Khoa is a partially dehydrated milk product made by continuously heating and stirring milk until it reaches a semi-solid consistency. It is classified based on fat and moisture content into different types suitable for making sweets. Khoa is produced through existing batch methods or improved continuous methods. It provides nutrients from milk and is commonly used as a base for Indian sweets or consumed directly. Proper packaging and refrigerated storage helps extend the shelf life of khoa.
Thermal processing involves applying heat to food to eliminate microorganisms and enzymes. There are three main categories: blanching, which uses mild heat to inactivate enzymes; pasteurization, which uses mild heat to reduce pathogens; and sterilization, which uses more severe heat like canning to eliminate all microbes. The time and temperature combination needed depends on the processing method and the heat resistance of the target organisms. Continuous improvements aim to deliver heat more efficiently to achieve the same results with shorter processing times.
RETORT PROCESSING BY Dr.P.RAJKUMAR-HOD (F&PE)kurinchisiva
The document discusses retort packaging and processing. It defines retort as a closed chamber that can withstand high temperatures and pressures used for sterilization. It describes the various types of retorts including batch, continuous, steam, water spray, and agitating retorts. It also discusses retort pouches, their construction and materials, products packaged in pouches, and the advantages of retort packaging over other methods.
Frozen vegetables are nutritious and can be easily added to meals. They are often frozen quickly after being picked at their ripest point to preserve nutrients. There are several effective ways to cook frozen vegetables while retaining their nutritional value, such as boiling or stir frying them. It is important to cook frozen vegetables immediately after thawing or heating to avoid mushiness and potential bacterial growth.
The document summarizes the process of pasteurization developed by Louis Pasteur in the 1860s. It describes how Pasteur discovered that briefly heating wine at 55-60°C would kill the microorganisms causing spoilage. This technique was later adapted for milk to reduce transmission of diseases. The document then provides details on the types of pasteurization techniques used, focusing on high-temperature short-time pasteurization. It outlines the key stages of pasteurization in dairy processing, including balancing, heating, holding, and cooling the milk.
This document discusses dehydro freezing or freeze drying, which is a method of preserving perishable materials like food and pharmaceuticals. It involves freezing the material and then applying a vacuum so that the frozen water sublimates from solid to gas without passing through the liquid phase. Freeze dryers are used to remove water through sublimation in an industrial setting. They have components like a vacuum chamber, vacuum pump, condenser, temperature and pressure sensors, heating source and control system to carefully monitor and control the freeze drying process. Various types of freeze dryers exist for different applications. Freeze drying is useful for preserving foods like fruits, vegetables, coffee, eggs and meats as it retains nutrients, taste and texture better than other preservation
This document discusses thermal processing methods for food including pasteurization and sterilization. Pasteurization and sterilization can be done through batch or continuous processes. Batch processes involve filling, heating, holding, cooling, and emptying vessels between batches, while continuous processes allow for energy savings by reusing heated fluids. Some advantages of continuous processes over batch processes include potential energy savings, easier scale-up and automation, and reduced sterilization times.
Concentration of liquid foods is a vital process where water is removed while keeping the food in a liquid state. Freeze concentration is a gentle concentration method where fruit juice is frozen below its freezing point, allowing ice crystals to form and then be separated from the concentrated juice. This results in a minimum loss of quality attributes like color, flavor and nutrients compared to other concentration methods. However, some soluble solids are still lost in the separated ice crystals, resulting in a final concentrated juice of only 40-55% dry matter. Multi-stage freeze concentration can help overcome increases in viscosity during concentration.
This document discusses ice cream freezers and their functions. It describes the factors that influence freezing time and the different types of freezers, including batch and continuous freezers. Batch freezers freeze ice cream in batches using a cylindrical drum with an inner cooling jacket. Continuous freezers continuously pump and freeze the ice cream mix using systems like disk type, Vogt jet, or creamey package freezers to freeze and aeriate the mix. The document provides details on the construction, working principles, and types of both batch and continuous ice cream freezers.
The document discusses the process of freeze concentration. Freeze concentration involves freezing a liquid food which causes ice crystals to form and separate out pure water, leaving a more concentrated liquid product. It can concentrate fruit juices, coffee, tea, beer and wine while better preserving quality and nutrients compared to other concentration methods. Key steps involve nucleation and growth of ice crystals followed by separation of the crystals from the concentrated liquid.
Corn Flakes Are Manufacturing Using High Quality MaterialsShanti Foods
Corn flakes is a breakfast cereal products made by mixing corn with minerals and vitamins to make them as healthy using maize starchy and corn grits raw materials.
Different evaporators in food industeyketaki patil
Evaporation is a process used extensively in the food industry to remove water from liquids and reduce volumes. It works by heating a liquid to its boiling point to evaporate water. There are several types of evaporators that use different heating methods and liquid flow patterns. Multiple effect evaporators allow for more efficient evaporation by using steam from one effect to heat the next. Factors like viscosity, boiling point elevation, and fouling must be considered for proper evaporator design and operation. Common applications include concentrating fruit juices, coffee, milk and reducing waste volumes. Proper controls, hygienic design, and safety precautions are important for food evaporator systems.
The document summarizes recent advances in the dairy industry, including improvements to farming techniques, milking processes, storage, and technologies. Key points include:
- Farm sizes have increased while farm numbers have decreased, and milking per cow has doubled since 1970 due to improved breeding. Milking is now automated using machines in parlors.
- Storage involves cooled milk tanks, tetra packaging, and lightproof bottles. Microbes are killed through pasteurization or newer techniques like microwave heating.
- The industry produces many products like yogurt, cheese and ice cream. Membrane technologies are used to produce low-fat milk, protein isolates and more.
- Consumer demand is driving healthier options that are lower
GOPALJEE : TRANSFORMING TRADITIONAL SUPPLY CHAINSSARIN RAJU
Gopaljee is a large dairy company in India with an extensive supply chain network.
The supply chain involves procuring milk directly from farmers through a village cooperative society system. Over a thousand farmers sell milk daily at local centers, where it is weighed, tested, and farmers are promptly paid based on fat content. The milk is then quickly transported in chilled trucks to processing plants.
Gopaljee then distributes processed dairy products through a multi-level network of depots, wholesalers, distributors and retailers to consumers. They aim to ensure quality and timely deliveries while minimizing inventory through direct procurement and established transportation infrastructure.
Unit operation in Food Processing. Preliminary Unit operation
Cleaning, sorting & Grading - aims, methods and applications
2. Size Reduction and Sieve Analysis
Theory of comminution; Calculation of energy required during size reduction. Crushing efficiency; Size reduction equipment; Size reduction of fibrous, dry and liquid foods; effects of size reduction on sensory characteristics and nutritive value of food
Sieving: Separation based on size (mesh size); types of screens; effectiveness of screens
3. Mixing
Mixing, Agitating, kneading, blending, homogenization and related equipment
4. Separation Processes
Principles of Filtration, Sedimentation, Crystallization and Distillation and equipment used
This document discusses advances in drying technologies, specifically focusing on intensification of drying rates and multistaging of convective dryers. It describes how intensified heat and mass transfer allows for higher drying rates and smaller dryer sizes. Multistage dryers better optimize drying by removing surface moisture separately from internal moisture using different dryer types or dryer zones. Specific drying technologies covered include fluidized bed dryers and their modifications, as well as spray drying and freeze drying processes.
This document discusses microwave technology in food applications. It begins by describing the properties of microwaves, including their wavelength and frequency approved for food. It then explains how microwaves are absorbed by polar molecules in food, causing heating through molecular friction. Microwave heating is described as uniform throughout the food, unlike conventional heating which occurs from the surface in. Several food applications of microwaves are listed, including baking, cooking, drying, and enzyme inactivation. The document concludes by noting the magnetron is commonly used to generate microwaves in microwave ovens and tunnel ovens.
This document discusses various methods of modified atmospheric storage (MAS) for different agricultural products. MAS involves altering the proportions of gases like CO2, O2, and N2 surrounding stored products. For grains, MAS creates anoxic atmospheres lethal to pests through high CO2, low O2, or hermetic storage. For meat, common gases are CO2, which is bacteriostatic, and O2/N2. CO2 inhibits enzymes and microbes in meat. For fruits and vegetables, low O2 reduces respiration and ripening while high CO2 and humidity preserve quality. Roots and tubers heal in high humidity and temperatures after harvest. Low temperatures of 4-10°C also
Condensed milks are the products obtained by evaporating part of the water of whole milk, or fully or partly skimmed milk, with or with without the addition of sugar.
This document discusses dough rheology and various equipment used to analyze dough properties. It defines dough as a wet mass developed by mixing wheat flour, water, and other ingredients. Dough undergoes viscosity changes during mixing as it develops elastic and extensible characteristics. Equipment described includes the farinograph, extensograph, alveograph, mixograph, amylograph, and rapid visco analyzer. These tools measure properties like water absorption, viscosity, elasticity, and strength to evaluate dough development and quality.
xtrusion, Extruders types,Changes during extrusion, difference b|w Extrusion ...Muhammad Waseem
This document discusses extrusion, including its history, types of extruders, components of extruders, and applications. It covers key topics like:
- Extrusion gained popularity due to its versatility, cost-effectiveness, and high productivity.
- The main types of extruders are single-screw and twin-screw extruders. Twin-screw extruders can be co-rotating or counter-rotating.
- Extruders consist of major components like the pre-conditioning system, feeding system, screw, barrel, and die.
- During extrusion, physicochemical changes occur like starch gelatinization, protein denaturation, and
antimicrobial packaging a type of active packaging in which antimicrobial agents are added to a conventional packaging or it maybe a inheriant just like chitosan. its is considered third type of packaging to prevent microbial decay and hence enhance selflife of package
Khoa is a partially dehydrated milk product made by continuously heating and stirring milk until it reaches a semi-solid consistency. It is classified based on fat and moisture content into different types suitable for making sweets. Khoa is produced through existing batch methods or improved continuous methods. It provides nutrients from milk and is commonly used as a base for Indian sweets or consumed directly. Proper packaging and refrigerated storage helps extend the shelf life of khoa.
Thermal processing involves applying heat to food to eliminate microorganisms and enzymes. There are three main categories: blanching, which uses mild heat to inactivate enzymes; pasteurization, which uses mild heat to reduce pathogens; and sterilization, which uses more severe heat like canning to eliminate all microbes. The time and temperature combination needed depends on the processing method and the heat resistance of the target organisms. Continuous improvements aim to deliver heat more efficiently to achieve the same results with shorter processing times.
RETORT PROCESSING BY Dr.P.RAJKUMAR-HOD (F&PE)kurinchisiva
The document discusses retort packaging and processing. It defines retort as a closed chamber that can withstand high temperatures and pressures used for sterilization. It describes the various types of retorts including batch, continuous, steam, water spray, and agitating retorts. It also discusses retort pouches, their construction and materials, products packaged in pouches, and the advantages of retort packaging over other methods.
Frozen vegetables are nutritious and can be easily added to meals. They are often frozen quickly after being picked at their ripest point to preserve nutrients. There are several effective ways to cook frozen vegetables while retaining their nutritional value, such as boiling or stir frying them. It is important to cook frozen vegetables immediately after thawing or heating to avoid mushiness and potential bacterial growth.
The document summarizes the process of pasteurization developed by Louis Pasteur in the 1860s. It describes how Pasteur discovered that briefly heating wine at 55-60°C would kill the microorganisms causing spoilage. This technique was later adapted for milk to reduce transmission of diseases. The document then provides details on the types of pasteurization techniques used, focusing on high-temperature short-time pasteurization. It outlines the key stages of pasteurization in dairy processing, including balancing, heating, holding, and cooling the milk.
This document discusses dehydro freezing or freeze drying, which is a method of preserving perishable materials like food and pharmaceuticals. It involves freezing the material and then applying a vacuum so that the frozen water sublimates from solid to gas without passing through the liquid phase. Freeze dryers are used to remove water through sublimation in an industrial setting. They have components like a vacuum chamber, vacuum pump, condenser, temperature and pressure sensors, heating source and control system to carefully monitor and control the freeze drying process. Various types of freeze dryers exist for different applications. Freeze drying is useful for preserving foods like fruits, vegetables, coffee, eggs and meats as it retains nutrients, taste and texture better than other preservation
This document discusses thermal processing methods for food including pasteurization and sterilization. Pasteurization and sterilization can be done through batch or continuous processes. Batch processes involve filling, heating, holding, cooling, and emptying vessels between batches, while continuous processes allow for energy savings by reusing heated fluids. Some advantages of continuous processes over batch processes include potential energy savings, easier scale-up and automation, and reduced sterilization times.
Concentration of liquid foods is a vital process where water is removed while keeping the food in a liquid state. Freeze concentration is a gentle concentration method where fruit juice is frozen below its freezing point, allowing ice crystals to form and then be separated from the concentrated juice. This results in a minimum loss of quality attributes like color, flavor and nutrients compared to other concentration methods. However, some soluble solids are still lost in the separated ice crystals, resulting in a final concentrated juice of only 40-55% dry matter. Multi-stage freeze concentration can help overcome increases in viscosity during concentration.
This document discusses ice cream freezers and their functions. It describes the factors that influence freezing time and the different types of freezers, including batch and continuous freezers. Batch freezers freeze ice cream in batches using a cylindrical drum with an inner cooling jacket. Continuous freezers continuously pump and freeze the ice cream mix using systems like disk type, Vogt jet, or creamey package freezers to freeze and aeriate the mix. The document provides details on the construction, working principles, and types of both batch and continuous ice cream freezers.
The document discusses the process of freeze concentration. Freeze concentration involves freezing a liquid food which causes ice crystals to form and separate out pure water, leaving a more concentrated liquid product. It can concentrate fruit juices, coffee, tea, beer and wine while better preserving quality and nutrients compared to other concentration methods. Key steps involve nucleation and growth of ice crystals followed by separation of the crystals from the concentrated liquid.
Corn Flakes Are Manufacturing Using High Quality MaterialsShanti Foods
Corn flakes is a breakfast cereal products made by mixing corn with minerals and vitamins to make them as healthy using maize starchy and corn grits raw materials.
Different evaporators in food industeyketaki patil
Evaporation is a process used extensively in the food industry to remove water from liquids and reduce volumes. It works by heating a liquid to its boiling point to evaporate water. There are several types of evaporators that use different heating methods and liquid flow patterns. Multiple effect evaporators allow for more efficient evaporation by using steam from one effect to heat the next. Factors like viscosity, boiling point elevation, and fouling must be considered for proper evaporator design and operation. Common applications include concentrating fruit juices, coffee, milk and reducing waste volumes. Proper controls, hygienic design, and safety precautions are important for food evaporator systems.
The document summarizes recent advances in the dairy industry, including improvements to farming techniques, milking processes, storage, and technologies. Key points include:
- Farm sizes have increased while farm numbers have decreased, and milking per cow has doubled since 1970 due to improved breeding. Milking is now automated using machines in parlors.
- Storage involves cooled milk tanks, tetra packaging, and lightproof bottles. Microbes are killed through pasteurization or newer techniques like microwave heating.
- The industry produces many products like yogurt, cheese and ice cream. Membrane technologies are used to produce low-fat milk, protein isolates and more.
- Consumer demand is driving healthier options that are lower
GOPALJEE : TRANSFORMING TRADITIONAL SUPPLY CHAINSSARIN RAJU
Gopaljee is a large dairy company in India with an extensive supply chain network.
The supply chain involves procuring milk directly from farmers through a village cooperative society system. Over a thousand farmers sell milk daily at local centers, where it is weighed, tested, and farmers are promptly paid based on fat content. The milk is then quickly transported in chilled trucks to processing plants.
Gopaljee then distributes processed dairy products through a multi-level network of depots, wholesalers, distributors and retailers to consumers. They aim to ensure quality and timely deliveries while minimizing inventory through direct procurement and established transportation infrastructure.
Mother Dairy India Ltd manages the supply chain for distribution of milk. It sources milk from dairy cooperatives and producers. The milk is processed, chilled, and stored before being distributed through a network of tankers and retailers. Mother Dairy has established stringent quality standards and processes to ensure safe and reliable delivery of milk from source to customers. It commands a large market share in Delhi through consistent quality and service.
The document summarizes the process of milk collection in the milk industry from farms to main collection centers. It describes:
1) How milk is collected from farms and delivered to small collection centers, where it is tested, measured, and poured into silos.
2) How milk is then collected from small centers and delivered to main centers, where ice is added to storage tanks to cool the milk.
3) The process at main centers, including more milk testing, measuring, transferring milk from silos to vehicles for cooling and departure to other locations.
The document summarizes the dairy industry process. It discusses that the dairy industry involves processing raw milk into products like milk, butter, cheese, and milk powder. It involves steps like chilling, pasteurization, and homogenization. The industry discharges wastewater high in biological and chemical oxygen demand if not treated properly. The document then outlines the key steps in processing milk into various dairy products like fluid milk, butter, cheese, and milk powder. It also discusses the generation and characteristics of wastewater from dairies and methods for treating dairy processing wastewater.
This document provides an overview of McDonald's supply chain management. It discusses McDonald's history and growth into a global brand with over 32,000 restaurants serving 60 million customers daily in over 100 countries. It describes McDonald's vision, mission and four pillars of success. It also summarizes McDonald's e-procurement system, key suppliers and logistics network in India, which utilizes a cold chain and includes transportation and storage facilities to deliver supplies to restaurants.
This document provides an overview of McDonald's supply chain management. It discusses McDonald's history and operations around the world, with over 32,000 locations serving 60 million customers daily in over 100 countries. It describes McDonald's four pillars of success and details its highly efficient e-procurement system and logistics network, which is critical to managing its global supply chain. McDonald's logistics involves transportation, inventory management, and facilities to move products from suppliers to restaurants while maintaining strict temperature controls. The integrated supply chain allows McDonald's to standardize operations and deliver a consistent customer experience globally.
Milk is most valued food and consumed by majority of the population. Processing of milk thus enables us to provide milk with better quality attribute and shelf-life.
Amul is an Indian dairy cooperative society based in Gujarat. It is one of the largest food and dairy organizations in the world, with annual revenues of over $2 billion. Amul procures milk from over 2 million milk producers in Gujarat and sells products through a network of over 3,600 distributors. Key facts:
- Amul collects over 6 million liters of milk per day from milk producers.
- It has over 10,000 village cooperative societies and 3 million milk producers as members.
- Amul manufactures products like milk, butter, cheese, ice cream and sells them under various brand names.
- It uses an electronic system to weigh and test milk fat content when
The document outlines a proposal for establishing cold milk centers in Sindh province to address issues with milk availability, quality, and waste by collecting, chilling, and storing milk hygienically to extend its shelf life and ensure a regular supply of pure milk to customers. It discusses the current challenges around milk production and distribution, provides operational details of the proposed centers, and presents financial projections indicating the business will be profitable.
McDonald's has established an extensive supply chain and distribution network in India to source and deliver ingredients for its restaurants. Key aspects of its system include:
1) Establishing geographically diverse suppliers that meet stringent quality standards.
2) Using an e-procurement system called Emac Digital to facilitate ordering from major and small suppliers.
3) Maintaining a cold chain through centralized distribution centers and temperature-controlled transportation.
4) Outsourcing logistics and distribution to partners like AFL Logistics and Radhakrishna Foodland Ltd. to ensure nationwide coverage.
Animal Product Technology I is a fundamental course that aims to provide you with a comprehensive understanding of various aspects related to the processing and preservation of animal-derived products. As we explore this subject, we will delve into the techniques, technologies, and principles involved in transforming raw animal products into valuable commodities that meet the needs of consumers.
The Ludhiana District Co-operative Milk Producers' Union Ltd. was established in 1970 with a milk handling capacity of 1 lakh litres per day. It has since expanded to handle 6 lakh litres daily. The plant manufactures milk, butter, ghee, paneer, lassi, kheer and other products under the VERKA brand. Strict quality standards are followed in processing and the plant has received international quality certifications. It aims to improve the economic conditions of milk producers and provide quality dairy products to consumers.
DE-Types of milk production-LATHI____.pptxkdemersal
This document discusses milk procurement and processing in India. It provides background on India being the largest producer and consumer of milk in the world, with production increasing 7% annually. It then describes the overview of Paras Dairy, which collects milk from 5000 villages across several states. The key processes discussed are milk procurement through franchises, suppliers, and direct collection from producers. It outlines the steps of chilling, packing, and transporting milk, as well as inspecting and testing milk to check for adulteration before processing and distribution.
This document provides an overview of Gourmet Foods & Bakers, a Pakistani food and beverage company. It discusses the company's history, founding in 1987, mission to provide quality affordable food, vision of maintaining prices amid inflation. The company has over 836 stores and produces bakery items, dairy products, beverages and more through 7 production units. It prides itself on maintaining quality and freshness through its supply chain network and cold chain distribution system. The document also outlines Gourmet's product, promotion, competitive and information strategies.
This presentation is about different distribution channel used by company called by AMUL, also explains about what is distribution channel and importance of distribution channels.
1) McDonald's operates over 32,000 restaurants in more than 100 countries serving over 60 million customers daily. It sources all its requirements locally in India from over 38 suppliers.
2) McDonald's supply chain in India is highly integrated and relies on a cold chain to transport and store many temperature controlled products. It works closely with local suppliers and farmers to source high quality ingredients.
3) Key partners in McDonald's cold chain include dairy, vegetable, chicken, and dessert suppliers who use specialized equipment and facilities to harvest, process, package, and transport foods while maintaining strict temperature controls to ensure food safety and quality.
The milking machine uses a vacuum pump to create a vacuum that performs the milking process by transmitting vacuum through a vacuum line to the milking clusters attached to the cow's udder. A pulsator disrupts the vacuum in the clusters to squeeze the teat cup and mimic the milking action. The milk is transported from the clusters through the milk line to a receiving vessel and then pumped into the bulk tank for storage before transport, while being cooled along the way.
Heat treatment, Pasteurization, Long Life Milk Products.pptxhusnainrasheed123
This document discusses heat transfer theory and principles as they relate to dairy processing. It describes the three main methods of heat transfer - conduction, convection, and radiation. It then discusses direct and indirect heating methods used in dairies. Various types of heat exchangers and pasteurization systems are described. Pasteurized milk products and long-life milk processing like sterilization and UHT treatment are also summarized.
Similar to Types of dairies and perisable nature of milk.ppt (20)
2. Special Characteristics of Dairy Industry:
• Perishable nature of milk: TIME factor is the most
important aspect to be involved in the dairy plant design and
lay out.
• An essential commodity especially to children and aged.
• Seasonal nature: OVER CAPACITY is the factor to be
considered in plant design and layout,
• As a food item: PLANT HYGIENE is the important factor in
plant layout and design.
• Effluent disposal of dairy plant: volume and BOD value of
the dairy effluent is high.
• Dairy Industry has to meet the various legal aspects and
mandatory requirements. It has to meet the Industrial act,
Labor act, Boiler act, Pollution control act. It also has to meet
the HACCP and FSSAI guidelines
3. Outline
• Types of dairies
• Perishable nature of milk
• Milk procurement and reception at dairy
plant
• Reception flexibility
4. Types of dairies
On basis of location
• Urban
• Sub-urban
• Country (Rural)
On basis of Capacity
• Small < 10,000 l/d
• Medium > 10,000 – 1,00,000
l/d
• Large > 1,00,000 l/d
5. Types of dairies
On basis of product
• Liquid milk
• Only Products
• Composite plant (Liquid
milk + Product)
On basis of ownership/
organizational structure
• Cooperative e.g.
• Govt. e.g.
• Private e.g.
6.
7.
8. • Liquid Milk Plant: should be situated/located as close
as possible to the consumer area i.e., generally in or on
the outskirts of a large city or town. It supplies market
milk in chilled condition in small retail packs.
• Product Milk Plant: Here, there is the production of
products like cheese, butter, ice-creams, etc. which do
not require daily distribution to the consumers. So the
plant should be located near the producing areas. The
difference in the location areas of both plants results in
the minimized transportation cost.
9. The perishable nature of milk
The factors make milk highly perishable:
(a)Nutritional profile of milk
(b)substantial contamination with bacteria;
(b) warm temperatures;
(c) prolonged time before cooling or processing.
Therefore milk should be cooled to 4o within
2 hours after milking
10. Milk Procurement
A. Milk procurement through individual producers
B. Milk collected through co-operative organizations
C. Milk procured through contractors
D. Milk reception from milk collection cum chilling centres
Milk is collected at various milk collection centres from nearby villages in 40
litre cans usually belonging to the organization. The milk is weighed,
tested for fat content and kept ready to be dispatched to the milk chilling
centre. From collection centre milk is picked up in an open truck and
brought to milk chilling centre or dairy plant, where milk cans are
emptied, washed through can washer and sent back to milk collection
centres for next day collection of milk.
11. Three Tier Structure of ‘Anand Pattern’
An Anand Pattern village dairy cooperative society (DCS) is formed by milk producers.
Any milk producer can become a DCS member by buying a share and committing to sell
milk only to the society.
A District Cooperative Milk Producers' Union is owned by dairy cooperative societies.
The Union buys all the societies' milk, then processes and markets fluid milk and
products. Most Unions also provide a range of inputs and services to DCSs and their
members: feed, veterinary care, artificial insemination
The cooperative milk producers' unions in a state form a State Federation which is
responsible for marketing the fluid milk and products of member unions.
12. Milk Reception
• The objective of handling the milk as quickly as possible continues
even at the milk reception, as the milk is still vulnerable to the
spoilage, till it is chilled and taken into milk storage tank, and
processed.
• The crucial stage of milk reception also involves the responsibility of
checking the quantity, quality for acceptance, and the time
management of handling many vehicles.
• As mentioned earlier the timing is an important parameter while
deciding about the mode of reception and transport.
• The load, distance to be covered and relative merits are given next
slide.
13.
14. Milk Reception
• The reception of milk at the Raw Milk Reception Dock (RMRD) is
done in three ways
– in cans,
– in milk tankers and
– combination of both.
• The type, size and number of vehicles can be determined by factors
such as distance or nature of the roads and condition of milk
production.
• In the chilling centres or BMCs, the milk is received only in cans
(may be 40 lit or 20 lit capacity cans).
15.
16. Milk Reception
• In case of Marketing Dairies, the milk is received only in milk
tankers where as in feeder dairies the milk is received in both
cans as well as in tankers.
• The trend of establishing BMCs at village clusters has changed
the mode of reception and monitoring of quality and quantity at
Dairies.
17. Cont….
• There are some products that depend on the type of milk like cow and
buffalo milk. Therefore, the reception dock may consists of two
separate systems for cow milk reception and buffalo milk reception at
chilling centres as well as in feeder dairy plants.
• In most of the dairy plants however, the milk is received as mixed
milk.
• If the milk is received in bulk through tankers, the arrangement has to
be made for quick transfer of milk through milk pumps installed at milk
reception dock to milk storage tanks.
18. Cont….
• The milk received in the evening may be chilled and the stored for
processing next day.
• All this will need careful planning of layout of equipment at milk
reception dock and milk receiving room. Roads leading to milk
reception dock and dispatch dock have to be planned in such a
manner so as to avoid traffic congestion inside the factory or road
blockage..
19. RMRD (Raw Milk Reception
Dock) - Equipments
• RMRD dock should be of height suitable (usually 1.5 m) to receive milk
without spillage during unloading
• For Milk tankers, the Tanker Bay must be spacious, suitable for washing
and unloading at least two tankers at a time.
• The pump should be of 20,000 l/h capacity to unload faster.
• If the milk quantity is to be measured by
– weigh bridge, it should be properly calibrated and inspected
periodically by local weights and measure authorities.
– dip stick alone, then the tanker by must be suitably leveled to avoid
errors in measurement..
20. RMRD - Equipments
• Can Conveyor
• Milk Weighing tank: Weighing bowl + Dump tank
• Weighing scale
• Drip saver
• Can washer
• Milk pump
• Filter/strainer
• Plate chiller
• Raw milk silo
• Testing instruments/equipments
21. RMRD - Equipments
• Raw milk silo
• Testing instruments/equipments
Can
Conveyor
Milk
Weighing
tank
Dump tank Pump
Weighing bowl
Drip saver
Weighing scale
Can washer
Filter/strainer
Plate
chiller
22. RMRD - Equipments
• Can Conveyor: whether a Roller type or motorized chain conveyor; based
on the rate of reception and capacity of the dairy plant
• Milk Weighing tank: Weighing bowl + Dump tank with cover:
– capacity of weigh bowl should be able to weigh at least 4 cans.
– The capacity of Dump tank is at least twice the capacity of weigh bowl, so that
while the milk quantity of one village is being weighed, the other quantity is being
pumped out from dump tank to the milk chiller
• Weighing scale
• Drip saver: must be of SS and should have drain leading to the dump tank
• Can washer: capacity of can washer should meet the rate of reception and
dumping
23. RMRD - Equipments
• Milk pump: for pumping milk from dump tank to the plate chiller through in-
line filter, should match the rate of reception.
– installed at a level lower than the dump tank and has flow control valve at the
discharge side.
– in recent times is linked with control system.
• Filter/strainer: located on the suction side to avoid threads, tags, etc.
• Plate chiller: usually of PHE type and used for chilling milk to 4oC.
– sized to meet the reception rate, and may sometimes be two in number, one
each to receive milk by cans or road tankers (usually much larger).
• Raw milk silo: vertical storage tank to store raw milk only.
• Testing instruments/equipments: to perform Platform tests, like COB,
acidity, turbidity, etc.
24. The crucial design calculations of the rate of
dumping is illustrated by following example
• Milk to be received by Dairy Plant: 10,000 LPD
• Milk to be received by AM and PM in the ratio of: 60:40
• Milk to be received in the AM: 10,000 x 0.60 = 6,000 lts
• Milk to be received in two hours
• Milk reception per hour: 6,000 / 2 = 3000 LPH
Hence the design of all the reception dock equipment will be
to meet the above requirement of 3,000 LPH.
25. Reception Flexibility
• Design of production facilities and layout such as to meet changing
economic and technological conditions.
• To combat regular fluctuations in the supplies of milk available to
processing plant throughout the year. There may also be an annual
variation in demand for the various products, probably not coinciding with
the fluctuation in the supply of milk.
• Sometimes be necessary to vary working hours, and production may
require night shifts.
• To handle market conditions for the sale of finished products can not be
predicted with accuracy for any considerable time.
• In production changes of the product.
27. Flexibility of production facilities
can be attained by
• initially selecting universal and standard types of
machines
• Layout flexibility by process-layout arrangement
•
• Proper planning so that the equipment and the
accommodation