The document discusses Typed Data in Drupal 8. It begins with an overview of the need for a typed data API in Drupal given PHP's loose typing. It then describes the main interfaces and data types in the Typed Data API, including primitive data, list data, and complex data. It provides examples of working with different data types and using constraints. The document also discusses how to define custom data types as plugins and how typed data is used in different parts of Drupal.

1. Typed Data
in Drupal 8
Drupal Cafe Kiev - 22.12.16

2. hello!
I am Igor Karpilenko
Drupal developer from Deweb studio
https://www.drupal.org/u/hamrant
https://www.facebook.com/hamrant
https://www.linkedin.com/in/hamrant

3. Prehistory

4. The problem
PHP is a very loosely typed language. It doesn’t have a clear definition of
the different types of data it deals with.
Therefore Drupal used to be the same. For example, there was no
consistent way of telling if a field value is a string, an integer or a
timestamp.

5. Typed Data
The Typed Data API was created to provide developers with a
consistent way of interacting with data in different ways.
Not only does the API allow you to interact with the actual data, it also
provides means of fetching more information, or metadata, about the
actual data.

6. The Typed Data API is a low level, generic and reusable object oriented
API that appears at multiple levels of the Drupal 8 architecture.
Take for example, the EntityAdapter, which extends TypedData and
acts as a wrapper for an Entity. Or FieldItemBase, which is an
unwrapped extension of TypedData.

7. Each data type in the Typed Data API is a plugin class (annotation class
example: DrupalCoreTypedDataAnnotationDataType).
These plugins are managed by the typed_data_manager service (by
default DrupalCoreTypedDataTypedDataManager).
Each data object encapsulates a single piece of data, provides access
to the metadata, and provides validation capability.

8. Where to look?
core/lib/Drupal/Core/TypedData

9. The Typed Data API interfaces
List
Data
Primitive
Data
Complex
Data

10. Primitive Data
Implementations of this interface are used for something that
represents a single piece of typed data, like a string or integer.
This is the smallest building block in the Typed Data API.

11. BinaryData
BooleanData
Email
FloatData
IntegerData
StringData
DateTimeIso8601 - DateTimeInterface
DurationIso8601 - DurationInterface
TimeSpan - DurationInterface
Timestamp - DateTimeInterface
Primitive data types

12. PrimitiveInterface methods
getValue() - Gets the primitive data value
setValue($value) - Sets the primitive data value
getCastedValue() - Gets the primitive data value casted to the
correct PHP type

13. Primitive data type example
/**
* The integer data type.
*
* The plain value of an integer is a regular PHP integer. For setting the value
* any PHP variable that casts to an integer may be passed.
*
* @DataType(
* id = "integer",
* label = @Translation("Integer")
* )
*/
class IntegerData extends PrimitiveBase implements IntegerInterface
/**
* {@inheritdoc}
*/
public function getCastedValue() {
return (int) $this->value;
}
}

14. create a typed data object in code
First get the typed_data_manager service from the container or by
calling Drupal::typedDataManager().
Then pass the plugin ID to $manager::createDataDefinition() to
create an appropriate data definition object.
Then pass the data definition object and the value of the data to
$manager::create() to create a typed data object.

15. $definition = DataDefinition::create('integer');
$int = Drupal::typedDataManager()->create($definition);
$int->setValue('10');
$validation = $int->validate();
$raw_data = $int->getValue();
$int_data = $int->getCastedValue();
$raw_data_type = gettype($raw_data);
$int_data_type = gettype($int_data);
Integer data type usage example

17. Constraints
The Data Definition class can set constraints upon the Typed Data
object.
Constraint plugins:
core/lib/Drupal/Core/Validation/Plugin/Validation/Constraint
Symfony constraints:
docroot/vendor/symfony/validator/Constraints

18. Constraints plugins:
AllowedValues
ComplexData
Count
Email
Null
Length
NotNull
PrimitiveType
Range
Regex
UniqueField
Symfony constraints:
Blank
Callback
CardScheme
Choice
Collection
Count
Country
Currency
Date
EqualTo
File
GreaterThan
Image
Url
etc...

19. /**
* Email constraint.
*
* Overrides the symfony constraint to use the strict setting.
*
* @Constraint(
* id = "Email",
* label = @Translation("Email", context = "Validation")
* )
*/
class EmailConstraint extends Email {
public $strict = TRUE;
/**
* {@inheritdoc}
*/
public function validatedBy() {
return 'SymfonyComponentValidatorConstraintsEmailValidator';
}
}

20. Constraints usage example
$definition = DataDefinition::create('string');
$definition->addConstraint('Regex', '/^([0-9]{4}-){3}[0-9]{4}/');
$credit_card = Drupal::typedDataManager()->create($definition);
$credit_card->setValue('yg65-g67dlkj8-9879'); // Invalid value.
$validation1 = $credit_card->validate();
$credit_card->setValue('1250-5154-6548-6848'); // Valid value.
$validation2 = $credit_card->validate();

22. List data types represent data that is an ordered list of typed data, all of
the same type.
More precisely, the plugins in the list must have the same base plugin ID;
however, some types (for example field items and entities) are provided
by plugin derivatives and the sub IDs can be different.
List Data types

23. ListInterface methods
getDataDefinition()
isEmpty()
getItemDefinition()
get($index)
set($index, $value)
first()
appendItem($value = NULL)
removeItem($index)
filter($callback)

24. List data example
$data = [
'1250-5154-6548-6831',
'2233-5154-6648-6843',
'3276-5154-6748-6822',
'4289-5154-6848-6867',
];
$list_definition = ListDataDefinition::create('string');
$credit_cards = Drupal::typedDataManager()->create($list_definition);
$credit_cards->setValue($data);
$validation = $credit_cards->validate();
$first_card = $credit_cards->get(0)->getValue();
foreach ($credit_cards as $card) {
$test[] = $card->getValue();
}

26. Complex Data
Complex data types, with interface
DrupalCoreTypedDataComplexDataInterface, represent data with
named properties.
The properties can be accessed with get() and set() methods. The value
of each property is itself a typed data object, which can be primitive,
complex, or list data.

27. The "map" data type
The "map" data type represent a simple complex data type, e.g. for
representing associative arrays. It can also serve as base class for any
complex data type.
By default there is no metadata for contained properties. Extending
classes may want to override
MapDataDefinition::getPropertyDefinitions() to define it.

28. Defining data types
Create a Definition class that implements one of the Typed Data
interfaces.
Create a DataType plugin that use your Definition class .
To do that, put it in namespace
DrupalyourmodulePluginDataType, and add annotation of type
DrupalCoreTypedDataAnnotationDataType to the
documentation header.

29. <?php
namespace Drupalactivenet_syncTypedDataDefinition;
use DrupalCoreTypedDataComplexDataDefinitionBase;
use DrupalCoreTypedDataDataDefinition;
/**
* ActiveNet Asset Price definition.
*/
class AssetPriceDefinition extends ComplexDataDefinitionBase {
/**
* {@inheritdoc}
*/
public function getPropertyDefinitions() {
if (!isset($this->propertyDefinitions)) {
$info = &$this->propertyDefinitions;
$info['priceType'] = DataDefinition::create('string')->setRequired(TRUE)->setLabel('priceType');
$info['priceAmt'] = DataDefinition::create('float')->setRequired(TRUE)->setLabel('priceAmt');
$info['maxPriceAmt'] = DataDefinition::create('float')->setRequired(TRUE)->setLabel('maxPriceAmt');
$info['minPriceAmt'] = DataDefinition::create('float')->setRequired(TRUE)->setLabel('minPriceAmt');
}
return $this->propertyDefinitions;
}
}
activenet_sync/src/TypedData/Definition/AssetPriceDefinition.php

30. <?php
namespace Drupalactivenet_syncPluginDataType;
use DrupalCoreTypedDataPluginDataTypeMap;
/**
* Asset Price type.
*
* @DataType(
* id = "asset_price",
* label = @Translation("Asset price"),
* definition_class = "Drupalactivenet_syncTypedDataDefinitionAssetPriceDefinition"
* )
*/
class AssetPrice extends Map {}
activenet_sync/src/Plugin/DataType/AssetPrice.php

31. $data = [
'priceType' => 'test',
'priceAmt' => 100,
'maxPriceAmt' => 120,
'minPriceAmt' => 100,
];
$price_definition = AssetPriceDefinition::create('asset_price');
$price = Drupal::typedDataManager()->create($price_definition);
$price->setValue($data);
$validation = $price->validate();
$min = $price->get('minPriceAmt')->getValue();

33. Using data types
In the Field API, data types can be
used as the class in the property
definition of the field.
Describe data defined elsewhere i.e.
schemas from external systems.
In configuration schema files, you can
use the unique ID ('id' annotation)
from any DataType plugin class as the
'type' value for an entry.
paragraphs.paragraphs_type.*:
type: config_entity
label: 'Paragraphs type config'
mapping:
id:
type: string
label: 'ID'
label:
type: label
label: 'Label'

34. YMCA Seattle

35. Typed Data Explorer
Simple module to browse Typed Data.
https://github.com/wellnet/typed_data_explorer

36. Links
https://api.drupal.org/api/drupal/core%21core.api.php/group/typed_data/8.2.x
https://www.drupal.org/node/1794140
https://www.sitepoint.com/drupal-8-entity-validation-and-typed-data-explained/
https://www.sitepoint.com/drupal-8-entity-validation-and-typed-data-demonstration/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P49GOFQhKlQ
http://lussoluca.github.io/DDD-2016 - slides from the above video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v7m6qOxH1t0
http://softpixel.com/~mradcliffe/files/dcatl2015-typeddata.pdf - slides from the above
video
https://www.drupal.org/project/xero

37. Thanks for your attention!