#Devoxx
Java Lambda Stream
Master Class – Part 2
@StuartMarks @JosePaumard
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Stuart Marks
JDK Core Libraries Developer
Java Plaform Group, Oracle
Twitter: @stuartmarks
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
@JosePaumard
https://www.youtube.com/user/JPaumard
https://www.slideshare.net/jpaumard
https://github.com/JosePaumard
#Devoxx #LambdaHOL
Questions?
#LambdaHOL
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Lambda/Streams Master Class 2
Setup
Map, Filter, FlatMap
Reduction, Function combination
Collectors.toMap()
Collectors.groupingBy()
Cascading Collectors
Streaming a Map
Streaming over Indexes
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Back to the Comparator
How to deal with null names?
Comparator<Person> cmp = Comparator.comparing(Person::getLastName)
.thenComparing(Person::getFirstName)
.thenComparing(Person::getAge);
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Back to the Comparator
In fact, this comparator:
Is equivalent to this one:
Comparator.comparing(Person::getLastName)
Comparator.comparing(Person::getLastName, Comparator.naturalOrder())
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Back to the Comparator
This allows this pattern:
So, to deal with null values:
Comparator.comparing(Person::getLastName,
Comparator.nullsLast(Comparator.naturalOrder()))
Comparator.comparing(Person::getLastName,
Comparator.comparing(String::length))
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Back to the Comparator
If we need to deal with null Person objects and
null names:
Comparator.nullsLast(
Comparator.comparing(Person::getLastName,
Comparator.nullsLast(Comparator.naturalOrder())
)
)
#Devoxx #LambdaHOL
Setup
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
The LambdaHOL
You can find it here
https://github.com/stuart-marks/LambdaHOLv2
https://github.com/JosePaumard/lambda-master-class-part2
https://github.com/JosePaumard/lambda-master-class-part1
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Input Data — Alphabet
List<String> alphabet = List.of(
"alfa", "bravo", "charlie", "delta", "echo",
"foxtrot", "golf", "hotel", "india", "juliet",
"kilo", "lima", "mike", "november", "oscar",
"papa", "quebec", "romeo", "sierra", "tango",
"uniform", "victor", "whiskey", "x-ray", "yankee", "zulu");
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Input Data — Sonnet
List<String> sonnet = List.of(
"From fairest creatures we desire increase,",
"That thereby beauty's rose might never die,",
"But as the riper should by time decease,",
"His tender heir might bear his memory:",
"But thou contracted to thine own bright eyes,",
"Feed'st thy light's flame with self-substantial fuel,",
"Making a famine where abundance lies,",
"Thy self thy foe, to thy sweet self too cruel:",
"Thou that art now the world's fresh ornament,",
"And only herald to the gaudy spring,",
"Within thine own bud buriest thy content,",
"And, tender churl, mak'st waste in niggarding:",
"Pity the world, or else this glutton be,",
"To eat the world's due, by the grave and thee.");
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Helper Method — expand()
expand("abc") ⇒ ["a", "b", "c"]
List<String> expand(String s) {
return s.codePoints()
.mapToObj(Character::toString)
.collect(toList());
}
#Devoxx #LambdaHOL
Map, Filter using Streams
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Map, Filter Example
• From the Alphabet list
• Map to upper case
• Only keep the words with 6 letters
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Map, Filter Example
alphabet.stream()
.map(String::toUpperCase)
.filter(word -> word.length() == 6)
.forEach(System.out::println);
JULIET
QUEBEC
SIERRA
VICTOR
YANKEE
#Devoxx #LambdaHOL
FlatMap
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
FlatMap
• Intermediate stream operation
• Consumes one element
• May produce zero or more elements
• Compare to map: consumes one, produces
one
• How is zero-or-more represented? A stream!
• T ⇒ Stream<R>
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
FlatMap
Given a list of strings...
[alfa, bravo, charlie, ...]
expand each string to a list of one-letter strings
[ [a, l, f, a], [b, r, a, v, o], [c, h, ...] ... ]
but «flatten» the nesting structure
[a, l, f, a, b, r, a, v, o, c, h, ...]
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
FlatMap
[[a, l, f, a], [b, r, a, v, o], [c, h, ...] ...]
List<List<String>> flatMap1() {
return alphabet.stream()
.map(word -> expand(word))
.collect(toList());
}
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
FlatMap
[a, l, f, a, b, r, a, v, o, c, h, a, r, l, i, e, d, e, l, ...]
List<String> flatMap2() {
return alphabet.stream()
.flatMap(word -> expand(word).stream())
.collect(toList());
}
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
FlatMap — Exercise
Split each line of the sonnet into words, and
then collect all the words into a single list.
To split a line into words, use
line.split(" +")
note: this returns an array, not a list or stream
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
FlatMap — Solution
Split each line of the sonnet into words, and then
collect all the words into a single list.
[From, fairest, creatures, we, desire, increase, ...]
total 106 words
List<String> flatMapSolution() {
return sonnet.stream()
.flatMap(line -> Arrays.stream(line.split(" +")))
.collect(toList());
}
#Devoxx #LambdaHOL
Reduction
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Computing Factorials
Compute the factorial as a BigInteger using
streams and reduction
long number = 21;
// result is 51_090_942_171_709_440_000
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Computing Factorials
Compute the factorial as a BigInteger using
streams and reduction
long number = 21;
BigInteger result = LongStream.rangeClosed(1, 21)
.mapToObj(BigInteger::valueOf)
.reduce(BigInteger.ONE, BigInteger::multiply);
// result is 51_090_942_171_709_440_000
#Devoxx #LambdaHOL
Function Combination
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Function Combination
Suppose you have a shopping website where
the customer can apply a filter to limit the
products shown.
List<Product> show(Predicate<Product> predicate) {
return getAllProducts().stream()
.filter(predicate)
.collect(toList());
}
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Function Combination
Suppose you want the customer to be able to
apply two filters to the product list.
Now, how about three filters?
List<Product> show(Predicate<Product> p1, Predicate<Product> p2) {
return getAllProducts().stream()
.filter(p1.and(p2))
.collect(toList());
}
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Function Combination
Two predicates can be combined using the
Predicate.and() method.
This is all we need to write a method that
combines an arbitrary number of predicates.
Predicate<Product> p1 = ... ;
Predicate<Product> p2 = ... ;
Predicate<Product> combined = p1.and(p2);
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Function Combination
Reduction of a list over an operator applies that
operator between each element.
Predicate<Product> combine(List<Predicate<Product>> predicates) {
Predicate<Product> temp = product -> true;
for (Predicate<Product> cur : predicates) {
temp = temp.and(cur);
}
return temp;
}
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Function Combination
Reduction of a list over an operator applies that
operator between each element.
Predicate<Product> combine(List<Predicate<Product>> predicates) {
return predicates.stream()
.reduce(product -> true, Predicate::and);
}
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Function Combination
Now apply this to the original problem:
List<Product> show(List<Predicate<Product>> predicates) {
Predicate<Product> combinedPredicate = combine(predicates);
return getAllProducts().stream()
.filter(combinedPredicate)
.collect(toList());
}
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Function Combination — Exercise
An IntUnaryOperator is a functional interface that
takes an int and returns an int.
Write a method that combines an arbitrary sized
list of IntUnaryOperators into a single one.
Use streams and the IntUnaryOperator.andThen()
method.
Use your method to combine functions that add
one, multiply by two, and three.
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Function Combination — Exercise
IntUnaryOperator combine(List<IntUnaryOperator> operators) {
// TODO
}
IntUnaryOperator operator =
combine(List.of(i -> i + 1, i -> i * 2, i -> i + 3));
System.out.println(operator.applyAsInt(5));
15
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Function Combination — Solution
IntUnaryOperator combine(List<IntUnaryOperator> operators) {
return operators.stream()
.reduce(i -> i, IntUnaryOperator::andThen);
}
IntUnaryOperator operator =
combine(List.of(i -> i + 1, i -> i * 2, i -> i + 3));
System.out.println(operator.applyAsInt(5));
15
#Devoxx #LambdaHOL
Collectors.toMap()
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Collectors.toMap()
Collectors.toMap(keyFunction, valueFunction)
Takes each stream element
▪ runs the keyFunction to get a key
▪ runs the valueFunction to get a value
▪ enters computed (key, value) entries into the
result map
Returns the map as the final result
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Collectors.toMap()
Given the alphabet words, create a map whose
keys are the first letter and whose values are
the words.
Map<String, String> toMap1() {
return alphabet.stream()
.collect(toMap(word -> word.substring(0, 1),
word -> word));
}
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Collectors.toMap()
a => alfa
b => bravo
c => charlie
d => delta
e => echo
f => foxtrot
g => golf
h => hotel
i => india
j => juliet
k => kilo
l => lima
m => mike
n => november
o => oscar
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Collectors.toMap()
Now create the first-letter map using the
sonnet instead of the alphabet words.
Map<String, String> toMap1() {
return sonnet.stream()
.collect(toMap(word -> word.substring(0, 1),
word -> word));
}
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Collectors.toMap()
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.IllegalStateException: Duplicate key B (attempted merging values
But as the riper should by time decease, and But thou contracted to thine own bright eyes,)
at java.base/java.util.stream.Collectors.duplicateKeyException(Collectors.java:133)
at java.base/java.util.stream.Collectors.lambda$uniqKeysMapAccumulator$1(Collectors.java:180)
at java.base/java.util.stream.ReduceOps$3ReducingSink.accept(ReduceOps.java:169)
at java.base/java.util.AbstractList$RandomAccessSpliterator.forEachRemaining(AbstractList.java:720)
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Collectors.toMap()
The simple (two-arg) toMap() requires that all
keys be unique. Throws exception if duplicate
keys are encountered.
To handle this, a third arg mergeFunction can be
provided. It takes the values of the duplicate
keys and returns a merged value.
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Collectors.toMap()
Use a merge function that simply returns its
first argument. “First wins.”
Map<String, String> toMap3() {
return sonnet.stream()
.collect(toMap(line -> line.substring(0, 1),
line -> line,
(line1, line2) -> line1 // merge
));
}
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Collectors.toMap()
Eight of fourteen lines remain, so some
duplicates were lost.
P => Pity the world, or else this glutton be,
A => And only herald to the gaudy spring,
B => But as the riper should by time decease,
T => That thereby beauty's rose might never die,
F => From fairest creatures we desire increase,
W => Within thine own bud buriest thy content,
H => His tender heir might bear his memory:
M => Making a famine where abundance lies,
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Collectors.toMap()
Use a “last wins” merge function.
Map<String, String> toMap4() {
return sonnet.stream()
.collect(toMap(line -> line.substring(0, 1),
line -> line,
(line1, line2) -> line2 // merge
));
}
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Collectors.toMap()
Eight entries, but some are different.
P => Pity the world, or else this glutton be,
A => And, tender churl, mak'st waste in niggarding:
B => But thou contracted to thine own bright eyes,
T => To eat the world's due, by the grave and thee.
F => Feed'st thy light's flame with self-substantial fuel,
W => Within thine own bud buriest thy content,
H => His tender heir might bear his memory:
M => Making a famine where abundance lies,
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Collectors.toMap() — Exercise
Create a map from the lines of the sonnet, with
map keys being the first letter of the line, and
values being the line. For duplicate keys,
concatenate the lines with a newline in
between.
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Collectors.toMap() — Solution
Map<String, String> toMapSolution() {
return sonnet.stream()
.collect(
toMap(line -> line.substring(0, 1),
line -> line,
(line1, line2) ->
line1 + System.lineSeparator() + line2));
}
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Collectors.toMap() — Solution
P => Pity the world, or else this glutton be,
A => And only herald to the gaudy spring,
And, tender churl, mak'st waste in niggarding:
B => But as the riper should by time decease,
But thou contracted to thine own bright eyes,
T => That thereby beauty's rose might never die,
Thy self thy foe, to thy sweet self too cruel:
Thou that art now the world's fresh ornament,
To eat the world's due, by the grave and thee.
F => From fairest creatures we desire increase,
Feed'st thy light's flame with self-substantial fuel,
W => Within thine own bud buriest thy content,
H => His tender heir might bear his memory:
M => Making a famine where abundance lies,
#Devoxx #LambdaHOL
Collectors.groupingBy
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Collectors.groupingBy()
The groupingBy() collector is a fancy way of
collecting a map from a stream.
In its simplest form, it takes a classifier function
to transform each stream element into a key.
Map values are a list of stream elements
classified into the same key.
Stream<T> ⇒ Map<K, List<V>>
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Collectors.groupingBy()
From the alphabet words, create a map whose
keys are the word length, and whose values are
a list of those words. First start off with toMap().
Map<Integer, List<String>> groupingBy1() {
return alphabet.stream()
.collect(
toMap(
word -> word.length(),
word -> new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(word)),
(list1, list2) -> { list1.addAll(list2);
return list1; }));
}
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Collectors.groupingBy()
4 => [alfa, echo, golf, kilo, lima, mike, papa, zulu]
5 => [bravo, delta, hotel, india, oscar, romeo, tango, x-ray]
6 => [juliet, quebec, sierra, victor, yankee]
7 => [charlie, foxtrot, uniform, whiskey]
8 => [november]
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Collectors.groupingBy()
Change toMap() to groupingBy(). Same result!
Map<Integer, List<String>> groupingBy1() {
return alphabet.stream()
.collect(toMap(String::length,
s -> new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(s)),
(a, b) -> { a.addAll(b); return a; }));
}
Map<Integer, List<String>> groupingBy2() {
return alphabet.stream()
.collect(groupingBy(String::length));
}
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Collectors.groupingBy() — Exercise
Collect the lines of the sonnet into a map,
whose keys are the first letter of each line, and
whose values are a list of lines beginning with
that letter.
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Collectors.groupingBy() — Solution
Map<String, List<String>> groupingBySolution() {
return sonnet.stream()
.collect(groupingBy(line -> line.substring(0, 1)));
}
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Collectors.groupingBy() — Solution
P => [Pity the world, or else this glutton be,]
A => [And only herald to the gaudy spring,,
And, tender churl, mak'st waste in niggarding:]
B => [But as the riper should by time decease,,
But thou contracted to thine own bright eyes,]
T => [That thereby beauty's rose might never die,,
Thy self thy foe, to thy sweet self too cruel:,
Thou that art now the world's fresh ornament,,
To eat the world's due, by the grave and thee.]
F => [From fairest creatures we desire increase,,
Feed'st thy light's flame with self-substantial fuel,]
W => [Within thine own bud buriest thy content,]
H => [His tender heir might bear his memory:]
M => [Making a famine where abundance lies,]
#Devoxx #LambdaHOL
Cascading Collectors
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Cascading Collectors
The groupingBy() collector seems restrictive: it
collects stream elements into a list.
This behavior can be modified by providing a
“downstream” collector as another argument.
groupingBy(classifier, downstream)
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Collectors.counting()
A useful downstream collector is counting()
The counting() collector is analogous to
Stream.count().
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Collectors.counting()
The pattern is the following:
Map<String, Long> cascading2() {
return sonnet.stream()
.collect(groupingBy(line -> line.substring(0, 1),
Collectors.counting()));
}
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Collectors.counting()
P => 1L
A => 2L
B => 2L
T => 4L
F => 2L
W => 1L
H => 1L
M => 1L
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Collectors.mapping()
Another useful downstream collector is
mapping():
mapping(mapperFunction, downstream2)
The mapping() collector is analogous to
Stream.map(). It applies a mapper function to
an element and passes the result downstream
— to a second downstream collector.
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Collectors.mapping()
These are equivalent:
Map<String, List<String>> cascading2() {
return sonnet.stream()
.collect(
groupingBy(
line -> line.substring(0, 1),
mapping(line -> line, toList())
));
}
Map<String, List<String>> cascading1() {
return sonnet.stream()
.collect(groupingBy(line -> line.substring(0, 1)));
}
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Collectors.mapping()
The using mapping() as the downstream
collector enables:
▪ the stream elements collected into map values
can be transformed
▪ the transformed elements can be collected or
reduced differently
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Collectors.mapping()
Map<String, List<Integer>> cascading3() {
return sonnet.stream()
.collect(
groupingBy(
line -> line.substring(0, 1),
mapping(String::length, toList())
));
} P => [40]
A => [36, 46]
B => [40, 45]
T => [43, 46, 45, 46]
F => [42, 53]
W => [41]
H => [38]
M => [37]
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Cascading Collectors — Exercise
Group the lines of the sonnet by first letter, and
collect the first word of grouped lines into a set.
To extract the first word of a line, use
string.split(" +")[0]
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Cascading Collectors — Solution
Map<String, Set<Integer>> cascading3() {
return sonnet.stream()
.collect(
groupingBy(
line -> line.substring(0, 1),
mapping(line -> line.split(" +")[0], toSet())
));
} P => [Pity]
A => [And, And,]
B => [But]
T => [That, Thy, To, Thou]
F => [Feed'st, From]
W => [Within]
H => [His]
M => [Making]
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Cascading Collectors
A first set of collectors that need downstream
collectors to work:
- mapping()
- filtering()
- flatMapping()
Analogous to intermediate stream operations
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Cascading Collectors
A second set of collectors:
▪ joining()
▪ counting()
▪ groupingBy(), toMap(), toUnmodifiableMap()
▪ toList(), toSet(), toUnmodifiableList() (and set)
▪ reducing()
Analogous to terminal stream operations
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Cascading Collectors
Group lines of the sonnet by first letter, and
collect the grouped lines into a single string
separated by newlines.
Map<String, String> cascading4() {
return sonnet.stream()
.collect(groupingBy(line -> line.substring(0, 1),
joining("n")
)
);
}
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Cascading Collectors
P => Pity the world, or else this glutton be,
A => And only herald to the gaudy spring,
And, tender churl, mak'st waste in niggarding:
B => But as the riper should by time decease,
But thou contracted to thine own bright eyes,
T => That thereby beauty's rose might never die,
Thy self thy foe, to thy sweet self too cruel:
Thou that art now the world's fresh ornament,
To eat the world's due, by the grave and thee.
F => From fairest creatures we desire increase,
Feed'st thy light's flame with self-substantial fuel,
W => Within thine own bud buriest thy content,
H => His tender heir might bear his memory:
M => Making a famine where abundance lies,
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Cascading Collectors — Exercise
Generate a frequency table of letters in the
sonnet. Remember the expand() helper
method.
Hints: use flatMap(), groupingBy(), and
counting().
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Cascading Collectors — Solution
Map<String, Long> cascadingSolution2() {
return sonnet.stream()
.flatMap(line -> expand(line).stream())
.collect(groupingBy(ch -> ch, counting()));
}
A => 2
B => 2
F => 2
H => 1
M => 1
P => 1
T => 4
W => 1
=> 92
a => 28
b => 11
c => 9
d => 20
e => 68
f => 9
g => 12
' => 6
h => 33
i => 29
k => 2
l => 18
, => 15
- => 1
m => 10
. => 1
n => 29
o => 25
p => 2
r => 33
s => 30
t => 54
u => 17
v => 2
w => 11
y => 14
: => 3
#Devoxx #LambdaHOL
Streaming a Map
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Streaming a Map
Find the most frequently occurring word from
the Sonnet
- 1st step: find one of those words
- 2nd step: find all those words in a list
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Streaming a Map
Two hints:
1) You cannot stream a map. To stream a map,
you need to get a stream of entries from its
entrySet().
Stream<Map.Entry<K, V>> stream =
map.entrySet().stream();
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Streaming a Map
Two hints:
2) There is a Stream.max() method
And Map.Entry provides comparators
stream.max(comparator)
.orElseThrow(); // max returns an Optional
stream.max(Map.Entry.comparingByValue())
.orElseThrow(); // max returns an Optional
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Inverting a Map
Suppose there are multiple maximum values
Max finds one of them
Finding all of them can be done by
converting a Map<word, count>
to a Map<count, List<word>>
#Devoxx #LambdaHOL
Streaming Over Indexes
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Streaming Over Indexes
Sometimes you need to process groups of
adjacent elements or a “sliding window” of
elements from a stream. The usual way of
streaming elements doesn’t handle this well.
If you have the elements in an array or random-
access list, you can work around this limitation
by streaming indexes instead of elements.
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Streaming Over Indexes
Split into sublists of size N adjacent elements:
N=3:
List<List<String>> streamIndexes1(int N) {
int SIZE = alphabet.size();
return IntStream.range(0, SIZE/N)
.mapToObj(i -> alphabet.subList(N*i, N*(i+1)))
.collect(toList());
}
[[alfa, bravo, charlie], [delta, echo, foxtrot], [golf, hotel, india],
[juliet, kilo, lima], [mike, november, oscar], [papa, quebec, romeo],
[sierra, tango, uniform], [victor, whiskey, x-ray]]
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Streaming Over Indexes
Adjust ranges and protect bounds with min():
List<List<String>> streamIndexes2(int N) {
int SIZE = alphabet.size();
return IntStream.range(0, (SIZE+N-1)/N)
.mapToObj(i -> alphabet.subList(N*i, Math.min(SIZE, N*(i+1))))
.collect(toList());
}
[[alfa, bravo, charlie], [delta, echo, foxtrot], [golf, hotel, india],
[juliet, kilo, lima], [mike, november, oscar], [papa, quebec, romeo],
[sierra, tango, uniform], [victor, whiskey, x-ray], [yankee, zulu]]
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Streaming Over Indexes
Alternatively, use rangeClosed():
List<List<String>> streamIndexes2(int N) {
int SIZE = alphabet.size();
return IntStream.rangeClosed(0, (SIZE+N-1)/N)
.mapToObj(i -> alphabet.subList(N*i, Math.min(SIZE, N*(i+1))))
.collect(toList());
}
[[alfa, bravo, charlie], [delta, echo, foxtrot], [golf, hotel, india],
[juliet, kilo, lima], [mike, november, oscar], [papa, quebec, romeo],
[sierra, tango, uniform], [victor, whiskey, x-ray], [yankee, zulu]]
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Streaming Over Indexes — Exercise
From the alphabet list, produce a list of
overlapping sublists of length N (sliding
window)
[[alfa, bravo, charlie], [bravo, charlie, delta], [charlie, delta,
echo], [delta, echo, foxtrot], [echo, foxtrot, golf], ...
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Streaming Over Indexes — Solution
One solution:
[[alfa, bravo, charlie], [bravo, charlie, delta], [charlie, delta,
echo], [delta, echo, foxtrot], [echo, foxtrot, golf], ...
List<List<String>> streamIndexesSolution1(int N) {
int SIZE = alphabet.size();
return IntStream.range(0, SIZE-N+1)
.mapToObj(i -> alphabet.subList(i, i+N))
.collect(toList());
}
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Streaming Over Indexes — Solution
Variation:
[[alfa, bravo, charlie], [bravo, charlie, delta], [charlie, delta,
echo], [delta, echo, foxtrot], [echo, foxtrot, golf], ...
List<List<String>> streamIndexesSolution2(int N) {
int SIZE = alphabet.size();
return IntStream.rangeClosed(N, SIZE)
.mapToObj(i -> alphabet.subList(i-N, i))
.collect(toList());
}
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Streaming Over Indexes — Exercise 2
Split the alphabet list into runs (sublists) of
strings of non-decreasing length, preserving
order.
That is, within each sublist, the next string
should always be the same length or longer.
[[alfa, bravo, charlie], [delta], [echo, foxtrot], [golf, ...] ...]
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Streaming Over Indexes — Solution 2
Insight: a new sublist starts when this string is
shorter than the previous string. Find the
indexes where this occurs.
[3, 4, 6, 10, 14, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25]
List<Integer> breaks =
IntStream.range(1, alphabet.size())
.filter(i -> alphabet.get(i).length() <
alphabet.get(i-1).length())
.boxed()
.collect(toList());
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Streaming Over Indexes — Solution 2
We want sublists between these breaks. Run a
stream over the breaks to generate sublists.
[[delta], [echo, foxtrot], [golf, hotel, india, juliet], [kilo, lima,
mike, november], [oscar], [papa, quebec], [romeo, sierra], [tango,
uniform], [victor, whiskey], [x-ray, yankee]]
List<List<String>> sublists =
IntStream.range(0, breaks.size()-1)
.mapToObj(i -> alphabet.subList(breaks.get(i),
breaks.get(i+1)))
.collect(toList());
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Streaming Over Indexes — Solution 2
Add starting and ending indexes to break list to
pick up leading and trailing sublists.
[[alfa, bravo, charlie], [delta], [echo, foxtrot], [golf, hotel, india,
juliet], [kilo, lima, mike, november], [oscar], [papa, quebec], [romeo,
sierra], [tango, uniform], [victor, whiskey], [x-ray, yankee], [zulu]]
breaks.add(0, 0);
breaks.add(alphabet.size());
List<List<String>> sublists =
IntStream.range(0, breaks.size()-1)
.mapToObj(i -> alphabet.subList(breaks.get(i),
breaks.get(i+1)))
.collect(toList());
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Streaming Over Indexes — Solution 2
List<Integer> breaks =
IntStream.range(1, alphabet.size())
.filter(i -> alphabet.get(i).length() <
alphabet.get(i-1).length())
.boxed()
.collect(toList());
breaks.add(0, 0);
breaks.add(alphabet.size());
List<List<String>> sublists =
IntStream.range(0, breaks.size()-1)
.mapToObj(i -> alphabet.subList(breaks.get(i),
breaks.get(i+1)))
.collect(toList());
#LambdaHOL#Devoxx
Streaming Over Indexes — Solution 2
[[alfa, bravo, charlie], [delta], [echo, foxtrot], [golf, hotel, india,
juliet], [kilo, lima, mike, november], [oscar], [papa, quebec], [romeo,
sierra], [tango, uniform], [victor, whiskey], [x-ray, yankee], [zulu]]
#Devoxx
Questions?
@StuartMarks @JosePaumard
#LambdaHOL
https://github.com/JosePaumard/lambda-master-class-part1
https://github.com/JosePaumard/lambda-master-class-part2

Lambdas and Streams Master Class Part 2

  • 1.
    #Devoxx Java Lambda Stream MasterClass – Part 2 @StuartMarks @JosePaumard
  • 2.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Stuart Marks JDK CoreLibraries Developer Java Plaform Group, Oracle Twitter: @stuartmarks
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Lambda/Streams Master Class2 Setup Map, Filter, FlatMap Reduction, Function combination Collectors.toMap() Collectors.groupingBy() Cascading Collectors Streaming a Map Streaming over Indexes
  • 6.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Back to theComparator How to deal with null names? Comparator<Person> cmp = Comparator.comparing(Person::getLastName) .thenComparing(Person::getFirstName) .thenComparing(Person::getAge);
  • 7.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Back to theComparator In fact, this comparator: Is equivalent to this one: Comparator.comparing(Person::getLastName) Comparator.comparing(Person::getLastName, Comparator.naturalOrder())
  • 8.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Back to theComparator This allows this pattern: So, to deal with null values: Comparator.comparing(Person::getLastName, Comparator.nullsLast(Comparator.naturalOrder())) Comparator.comparing(Person::getLastName, Comparator.comparing(String::length))
  • 9.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Back to theComparator If we need to deal with null Person objects and null names: Comparator.nullsLast( Comparator.comparing(Person::getLastName, Comparator.nullsLast(Comparator.naturalOrder()) ) )
  • 10.
  • 11.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx The LambdaHOL You canfind it here https://github.com/stuart-marks/LambdaHOLv2 https://github.com/JosePaumard/lambda-master-class-part2 https://github.com/JosePaumard/lambda-master-class-part1
  • 12.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Input Data —Alphabet List<String> alphabet = List.of( "alfa", "bravo", "charlie", "delta", "echo", "foxtrot", "golf", "hotel", "india", "juliet", "kilo", "lima", "mike", "november", "oscar", "papa", "quebec", "romeo", "sierra", "tango", "uniform", "victor", "whiskey", "x-ray", "yankee", "zulu");
  • 13.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Input Data —Sonnet List<String> sonnet = List.of( "From fairest creatures we desire increase,", "That thereby beauty's rose might never die,", "But as the riper should by time decease,", "His tender heir might bear his memory:", "But thou contracted to thine own bright eyes,", "Feed'st thy light's flame with self-substantial fuel,", "Making a famine where abundance lies,", "Thy self thy foe, to thy sweet self too cruel:", "Thou that art now the world's fresh ornament,", "And only herald to the gaudy spring,", "Within thine own bud buriest thy content,", "And, tender churl, mak'st waste in niggarding:", "Pity the world, or else this glutton be,", "To eat the world's due, by the grave and thee.");
  • 14.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Helper Method —expand() expand("abc") ⇒ ["a", "b", "c"] List<String> expand(String s) { return s.codePoints() .mapToObj(Character::toString) .collect(toList()); }
  • 15.
  • 16.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Map, Filter Example •From the Alphabet list • Map to upper case • Only keep the words with 6 letters
  • 17.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Map, Filter Example alphabet.stream() .map(String::toUpperCase) .filter(word-> word.length() == 6) .forEach(System.out::println); JULIET QUEBEC SIERRA VICTOR YANKEE
  • 18.
  • 19.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx FlatMap • Intermediate streamoperation • Consumes one element • May produce zero or more elements • Compare to map: consumes one, produces one • How is zero-or-more represented? A stream! • T ⇒ Stream<R>
  • 20.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx FlatMap Given a listof strings... [alfa, bravo, charlie, ...] expand each string to a list of one-letter strings [ [a, l, f, a], [b, r, a, v, o], [c, h, ...] ... ] but «flatten» the nesting structure [a, l, f, a, b, r, a, v, o, c, h, ...]
  • 21.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx FlatMap [[a, l, f,a], [b, r, a, v, o], [c, h, ...] ...] List<List<String>> flatMap1() { return alphabet.stream() .map(word -> expand(word)) .collect(toList()); }
  • 22.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx FlatMap [a, l, f,a, b, r, a, v, o, c, h, a, r, l, i, e, d, e, l, ...] List<String> flatMap2() { return alphabet.stream() .flatMap(word -> expand(word).stream()) .collect(toList()); }
  • 23.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx FlatMap — Exercise Spliteach line of the sonnet into words, and then collect all the words into a single list. To split a line into words, use line.split(" +") note: this returns an array, not a list or stream
  • 24.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx FlatMap — Solution Spliteach line of the sonnet into words, and then collect all the words into a single list. [From, fairest, creatures, we, desire, increase, ...] total 106 words List<String> flatMapSolution() { return sonnet.stream() .flatMap(line -> Arrays.stream(line.split(" +"))) .collect(toList()); }
  • 25.
  • 26.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Computing Factorials Compute thefactorial as a BigInteger using streams and reduction long number = 21; // result is 51_090_942_171_709_440_000
  • 27.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Computing Factorials Compute thefactorial as a BigInteger using streams and reduction long number = 21; BigInteger result = LongStream.rangeClosed(1, 21) .mapToObj(BigInteger::valueOf) .reduce(BigInteger.ONE, BigInteger::multiply); // result is 51_090_942_171_709_440_000
  • 28.
  • 29.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Function Combination Suppose youhave a shopping website where the customer can apply a filter to limit the products shown. List<Product> show(Predicate<Product> predicate) { return getAllProducts().stream() .filter(predicate) .collect(toList()); }
  • 30.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Function Combination Suppose youwant the customer to be able to apply two filters to the product list. Now, how about three filters? List<Product> show(Predicate<Product> p1, Predicate<Product> p2) { return getAllProducts().stream() .filter(p1.and(p2)) .collect(toList()); }
  • 31.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Function Combination Two predicatescan be combined using the Predicate.and() method. This is all we need to write a method that combines an arbitrary number of predicates. Predicate<Product> p1 = ... ; Predicate<Product> p2 = ... ; Predicate<Product> combined = p1.and(p2);
  • 32.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Function Combination Reduction ofa list over an operator applies that operator between each element. Predicate<Product> combine(List<Predicate<Product>> predicates) { Predicate<Product> temp = product -> true; for (Predicate<Product> cur : predicates) { temp = temp.and(cur); } return temp; }
  • 33.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Function Combination Reduction ofa list over an operator applies that operator between each element. Predicate<Product> combine(List<Predicate<Product>> predicates) { return predicates.stream() .reduce(product -> true, Predicate::and); }
  • 34.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Function Combination Now applythis to the original problem: List<Product> show(List<Predicate<Product>> predicates) { Predicate<Product> combinedPredicate = combine(predicates); return getAllProducts().stream() .filter(combinedPredicate) .collect(toList()); }
  • 35.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Function Combination —Exercise An IntUnaryOperator is a functional interface that takes an int and returns an int. Write a method that combines an arbitrary sized list of IntUnaryOperators into a single one. Use streams and the IntUnaryOperator.andThen() method. Use your method to combine functions that add one, multiply by two, and three.
  • 36.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Function Combination —Exercise IntUnaryOperator combine(List<IntUnaryOperator> operators) { // TODO } IntUnaryOperator operator = combine(List.of(i -> i + 1, i -> i * 2, i -> i + 3)); System.out.println(operator.applyAsInt(5)); 15
  • 37.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Function Combination —Solution IntUnaryOperator combine(List<IntUnaryOperator> operators) { return operators.stream() .reduce(i -> i, IntUnaryOperator::andThen); } IntUnaryOperator operator = combine(List.of(i -> i + 1, i -> i * 2, i -> i + 3)); System.out.println(operator.applyAsInt(5)); 15
  • 38.
  • 39.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Collectors.toMap() Collectors.toMap(keyFunction, valueFunction) Takes eachstream element ▪ runs the keyFunction to get a key ▪ runs the valueFunction to get a value ▪ enters computed (key, value) entries into the result map Returns the map as the final result
  • 40.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Collectors.toMap() Given the alphabetwords, create a map whose keys are the first letter and whose values are the words. Map<String, String> toMap1() { return alphabet.stream() .collect(toMap(word -> word.substring(0, 1), word -> word)); }
  • 41.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Collectors.toMap() a => alfa b=> bravo c => charlie d => delta e => echo f => foxtrot g => golf h => hotel i => india j => juliet k => kilo l => lima m => mike n => november o => oscar
  • 42.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Collectors.toMap() Now create thefirst-letter map using the sonnet instead of the alphabet words. Map<String, String> toMap1() { return sonnet.stream() .collect(toMap(word -> word.substring(0, 1), word -> word)); }
  • 43.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Collectors.toMap() Exception in thread"main" java.lang.IllegalStateException: Duplicate key B (attempted merging values But as the riper should by time decease, and But thou contracted to thine own bright eyes,) at java.base/java.util.stream.Collectors.duplicateKeyException(Collectors.java:133) at java.base/java.util.stream.Collectors.lambda$uniqKeysMapAccumulator$1(Collectors.java:180) at java.base/java.util.stream.ReduceOps$3ReducingSink.accept(ReduceOps.java:169) at java.base/java.util.AbstractList$RandomAccessSpliterator.forEachRemaining(AbstractList.java:720)
  • 44.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Collectors.toMap() The simple (two-arg)toMap() requires that all keys be unique. Throws exception if duplicate keys are encountered. To handle this, a third arg mergeFunction can be provided. It takes the values of the duplicate keys and returns a merged value.
  • 45.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Collectors.toMap() Use a mergefunction that simply returns its first argument. “First wins.” Map<String, String> toMap3() { return sonnet.stream() .collect(toMap(line -> line.substring(0, 1), line -> line, (line1, line2) -> line1 // merge )); }
  • 46.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Collectors.toMap() Eight of fourteenlines remain, so some duplicates were lost. P => Pity the world, or else this glutton be, A => And only herald to the gaudy spring, B => But as the riper should by time decease, T => That thereby beauty's rose might never die, F => From fairest creatures we desire increase, W => Within thine own bud buriest thy content, H => His tender heir might bear his memory: M => Making a famine where abundance lies,
  • 47.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Collectors.toMap() Use a “lastwins” merge function. Map<String, String> toMap4() { return sonnet.stream() .collect(toMap(line -> line.substring(0, 1), line -> line, (line1, line2) -> line2 // merge )); }
  • 48.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Collectors.toMap() Eight entries, butsome are different. P => Pity the world, or else this glutton be, A => And, tender churl, mak'st waste in niggarding: B => But thou contracted to thine own bright eyes, T => To eat the world's due, by the grave and thee. F => Feed'st thy light's flame with self-substantial fuel, W => Within thine own bud buriest thy content, H => His tender heir might bear his memory: M => Making a famine where abundance lies,
  • 49.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Collectors.toMap() — Exercise Createa map from the lines of the sonnet, with map keys being the first letter of the line, and values being the line. For duplicate keys, concatenate the lines with a newline in between.
  • 50.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Collectors.toMap() — Solution Map<String,String> toMapSolution() { return sonnet.stream() .collect( toMap(line -> line.substring(0, 1), line -> line, (line1, line2) -> line1 + System.lineSeparator() + line2)); }
  • 51.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Collectors.toMap() — Solution P=> Pity the world, or else this glutton be, A => And only herald to the gaudy spring, And, tender churl, mak'st waste in niggarding: B => But as the riper should by time decease, But thou contracted to thine own bright eyes, T => That thereby beauty's rose might never die, Thy self thy foe, to thy sweet self too cruel: Thou that art now the world's fresh ornament, To eat the world's due, by the grave and thee. F => From fairest creatures we desire increase, Feed'st thy light's flame with self-substantial fuel, W => Within thine own bud buriest thy content, H => His tender heir might bear his memory: M => Making a famine where abundance lies,
  • 52.
  • 53.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Collectors.groupingBy() The groupingBy() collectoris a fancy way of collecting a map from a stream. In its simplest form, it takes a classifier function to transform each stream element into a key. Map values are a list of stream elements classified into the same key. Stream<T> ⇒ Map<K, List<V>>
  • 54.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Collectors.groupingBy() From the alphabetwords, create a map whose keys are the word length, and whose values are a list of those words. First start off with toMap(). Map<Integer, List<String>> groupingBy1() { return alphabet.stream() .collect( toMap( word -> word.length(), word -> new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(word)), (list1, list2) -> { list1.addAll(list2); return list1; })); }
  • 55.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Collectors.groupingBy() 4 => [alfa,echo, golf, kilo, lima, mike, papa, zulu] 5 => [bravo, delta, hotel, india, oscar, romeo, tango, x-ray] 6 => [juliet, quebec, sierra, victor, yankee] 7 => [charlie, foxtrot, uniform, whiskey] 8 => [november]
  • 56.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Collectors.groupingBy() Change toMap() togroupingBy(). Same result! Map<Integer, List<String>> groupingBy1() { return alphabet.stream() .collect(toMap(String::length, s -> new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(s)), (a, b) -> { a.addAll(b); return a; })); } Map<Integer, List<String>> groupingBy2() { return alphabet.stream() .collect(groupingBy(String::length)); }
  • 57.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Collectors.groupingBy() — Exercise Collectthe lines of the sonnet into a map, whose keys are the first letter of each line, and whose values are a list of lines beginning with that letter.
  • 58.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Collectors.groupingBy() — Solution Map<String,List<String>> groupingBySolution() { return sonnet.stream() .collect(groupingBy(line -> line.substring(0, 1))); }
  • 59.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Collectors.groupingBy() — Solution P=> [Pity the world, or else this glutton be,] A => [And only herald to the gaudy spring,, And, tender churl, mak'st waste in niggarding:] B => [But as the riper should by time decease,, But thou contracted to thine own bright eyes,] T => [That thereby beauty's rose might never die,, Thy self thy foe, to thy sweet self too cruel:, Thou that art now the world's fresh ornament,, To eat the world's due, by the grave and thee.] F => [From fairest creatures we desire increase,, Feed'st thy light's flame with self-substantial fuel,] W => [Within thine own bud buriest thy content,] H => [His tender heir might bear his memory:] M => [Making a famine where abundance lies,]
  • 60.
  • 61.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Cascading Collectors The groupingBy()collector seems restrictive: it collects stream elements into a list. This behavior can be modified by providing a “downstream” collector as another argument. groupingBy(classifier, downstream)
  • 62.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Collectors.counting() A useful downstreamcollector is counting() The counting() collector is analogous to Stream.count().
  • 63.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Collectors.counting() The pattern isthe following: Map<String, Long> cascading2() { return sonnet.stream() .collect(groupingBy(line -> line.substring(0, 1), Collectors.counting())); }
  • 64.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Collectors.counting() P => 1L A=> 2L B => 2L T => 4L F => 2L W => 1L H => 1L M => 1L
  • 65.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Collectors.mapping() Another useful downstreamcollector is mapping(): mapping(mapperFunction, downstream2) The mapping() collector is analogous to Stream.map(). It applies a mapper function to an element and passes the result downstream — to a second downstream collector.
  • 66.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Collectors.mapping() These are equivalent: Map<String,List<String>> cascading2() { return sonnet.stream() .collect( groupingBy( line -> line.substring(0, 1), mapping(line -> line, toList()) )); } Map<String, List<String>> cascading1() { return sonnet.stream() .collect(groupingBy(line -> line.substring(0, 1))); }
  • 67.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Collectors.mapping() The using mapping()as the downstream collector enables: ▪ the stream elements collected into map values can be transformed ▪ the transformed elements can be collected or reduced differently
  • 68.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Collectors.mapping() Map<String, List<Integer>> cascading3(){ return sonnet.stream() .collect( groupingBy( line -> line.substring(0, 1), mapping(String::length, toList()) )); } P => [40] A => [36, 46] B => [40, 45] T => [43, 46, 45, 46] F => [42, 53] W => [41] H => [38] M => [37]
  • 69.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Cascading Collectors —Exercise Group the lines of the sonnet by first letter, and collect the first word of grouped lines into a set. To extract the first word of a line, use string.split(" +")[0]
  • 70.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Cascading Collectors —Solution Map<String, Set<Integer>> cascading3() { return sonnet.stream() .collect( groupingBy( line -> line.substring(0, 1), mapping(line -> line.split(" +")[0], toSet()) )); } P => [Pity] A => [And, And,] B => [But] T => [That, Thy, To, Thou] F => [Feed'st, From] W => [Within] H => [His] M => [Making]
  • 71.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Cascading Collectors A firstset of collectors that need downstream collectors to work: - mapping() - filtering() - flatMapping() Analogous to intermediate stream operations
  • 72.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Cascading Collectors A secondset of collectors: ▪ joining() ▪ counting() ▪ groupingBy(), toMap(), toUnmodifiableMap() ▪ toList(), toSet(), toUnmodifiableList() (and set) ▪ reducing() Analogous to terminal stream operations
  • 73.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Cascading Collectors Group linesof the sonnet by first letter, and collect the grouped lines into a single string separated by newlines. Map<String, String> cascading4() { return sonnet.stream() .collect(groupingBy(line -> line.substring(0, 1), joining("n") ) ); }
  • 74.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Cascading Collectors P =>Pity the world, or else this glutton be, A => And only herald to the gaudy spring, And, tender churl, mak'st waste in niggarding: B => But as the riper should by time decease, But thou contracted to thine own bright eyes, T => That thereby beauty's rose might never die, Thy self thy foe, to thy sweet self too cruel: Thou that art now the world's fresh ornament, To eat the world's due, by the grave and thee. F => From fairest creatures we desire increase, Feed'st thy light's flame with self-substantial fuel, W => Within thine own bud buriest thy content, H => His tender heir might bear his memory: M => Making a famine where abundance lies,
  • 75.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Cascading Collectors —Exercise Generate a frequency table of letters in the sonnet. Remember the expand() helper method. Hints: use flatMap(), groupingBy(), and counting().
  • 76.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Cascading Collectors —Solution Map<String, Long> cascadingSolution2() { return sonnet.stream() .flatMap(line -> expand(line).stream()) .collect(groupingBy(ch -> ch, counting())); } A => 2 B => 2 F => 2 H => 1 M => 1 P => 1 T => 4 W => 1 => 92 a => 28 b => 11 c => 9 d => 20 e => 68 f => 9 g => 12 ' => 6 h => 33 i => 29 k => 2 l => 18 , => 15 - => 1 m => 10 . => 1 n => 29 o => 25 p => 2 r => 33 s => 30 t => 54 u => 17 v => 2 w => 11 y => 14 : => 3
  • 77.
  • 78.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Streaming a Map Findthe most frequently occurring word from the Sonnet - 1st step: find one of those words - 2nd step: find all those words in a list
  • 79.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Streaming a Map Twohints: 1) You cannot stream a map. To stream a map, you need to get a stream of entries from its entrySet(). Stream<Map.Entry<K, V>> stream = map.entrySet().stream();
  • 80.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Streaming a Map Twohints: 2) There is a Stream.max() method And Map.Entry provides comparators stream.max(comparator) .orElseThrow(); // max returns an Optional stream.max(Map.Entry.comparingByValue()) .orElseThrow(); // max returns an Optional
  • 81.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Inverting a Map Supposethere are multiple maximum values Max finds one of them Finding all of them can be done by converting a Map<word, count> to a Map<count, List<word>>
  • 82.
  • 83.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Streaming Over Indexes Sometimesyou need to process groups of adjacent elements or a “sliding window” of elements from a stream. The usual way of streaming elements doesn’t handle this well. If you have the elements in an array or random- access list, you can work around this limitation by streaming indexes instead of elements.
  • 84.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Streaming Over Indexes Splitinto sublists of size N adjacent elements: N=3: List<List<String>> streamIndexes1(int N) { int SIZE = alphabet.size(); return IntStream.range(0, SIZE/N) .mapToObj(i -> alphabet.subList(N*i, N*(i+1))) .collect(toList()); } [[alfa, bravo, charlie], [delta, echo, foxtrot], [golf, hotel, india], [juliet, kilo, lima], [mike, november, oscar], [papa, quebec, romeo], [sierra, tango, uniform], [victor, whiskey, x-ray]]
  • 85.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Streaming Over Indexes Adjustranges and protect bounds with min(): List<List<String>> streamIndexes2(int N) { int SIZE = alphabet.size(); return IntStream.range(0, (SIZE+N-1)/N) .mapToObj(i -> alphabet.subList(N*i, Math.min(SIZE, N*(i+1)))) .collect(toList()); } [[alfa, bravo, charlie], [delta, echo, foxtrot], [golf, hotel, india], [juliet, kilo, lima], [mike, november, oscar], [papa, quebec, romeo], [sierra, tango, uniform], [victor, whiskey, x-ray], [yankee, zulu]]
  • 86.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Streaming Over Indexes Alternatively,use rangeClosed(): List<List<String>> streamIndexes2(int N) { int SIZE = alphabet.size(); return IntStream.rangeClosed(0, (SIZE+N-1)/N) .mapToObj(i -> alphabet.subList(N*i, Math.min(SIZE, N*(i+1)))) .collect(toList()); } [[alfa, bravo, charlie], [delta, echo, foxtrot], [golf, hotel, india], [juliet, kilo, lima], [mike, november, oscar], [papa, quebec, romeo], [sierra, tango, uniform], [victor, whiskey, x-ray], [yankee, zulu]]
  • 87.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Streaming Over Indexes— Exercise From the alphabet list, produce a list of overlapping sublists of length N (sliding window) [[alfa, bravo, charlie], [bravo, charlie, delta], [charlie, delta, echo], [delta, echo, foxtrot], [echo, foxtrot, golf], ...
  • 88.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Streaming Over Indexes— Solution One solution: [[alfa, bravo, charlie], [bravo, charlie, delta], [charlie, delta, echo], [delta, echo, foxtrot], [echo, foxtrot, golf], ... List<List<String>> streamIndexesSolution1(int N) { int SIZE = alphabet.size(); return IntStream.range(0, SIZE-N+1) .mapToObj(i -> alphabet.subList(i, i+N)) .collect(toList()); }
  • 89.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Streaming Over Indexes— Solution Variation: [[alfa, bravo, charlie], [bravo, charlie, delta], [charlie, delta, echo], [delta, echo, foxtrot], [echo, foxtrot, golf], ... List<List<String>> streamIndexesSolution2(int N) { int SIZE = alphabet.size(); return IntStream.rangeClosed(N, SIZE) .mapToObj(i -> alphabet.subList(i-N, i)) .collect(toList()); }
  • 90.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Streaming Over Indexes— Exercise 2 Split the alphabet list into runs (sublists) of strings of non-decreasing length, preserving order. That is, within each sublist, the next string should always be the same length or longer. [[alfa, bravo, charlie], [delta], [echo, foxtrot], [golf, ...] ...]
  • 91.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Streaming Over Indexes— Solution 2 Insight: a new sublist starts when this string is shorter than the previous string. Find the indexes where this occurs. [3, 4, 6, 10, 14, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25] List<Integer> breaks = IntStream.range(1, alphabet.size()) .filter(i -> alphabet.get(i).length() < alphabet.get(i-1).length()) .boxed() .collect(toList());
  • 92.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Streaming Over Indexes— Solution 2 We want sublists between these breaks. Run a stream over the breaks to generate sublists. [[delta], [echo, foxtrot], [golf, hotel, india, juliet], [kilo, lima, mike, november], [oscar], [papa, quebec], [romeo, sierra], [tango, uniform], [victor, whiskey], [x-ray, yankee]] List<List<String>> sublists = IntStream.range(0, breaks.size()-1) .mapToObj(i -> alphabet.subList(breaks.get(i), breaks.get(i+1))) .collect(toList());
  • 93.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Streaming Over Indexes— Solution 2 Add starting and ending indexes to break list to pick up leading and trailing sublists. [[alfa, bravo, charlie], [delta], [echo, foxtrot], [golf, hotel, india, juliet], [kilo, lima, mike, november], [oscar], [papa, quebec], [romeo, sierra], [tango, uniform], [victor, whiskey], [x-ray, yankee], [zulu]] breaks.add(0, 0); breaks.add(alphabet.size()); List<List<String>> sublists = IntStream.range(0, breaks.size()-1) .mapToObj(i -> alphabet.subList(breaks.get(i), breaks.get(i+1))) .collect(toList());
  • 94.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Streaming Over Indexes— Solution 2 List<Integer> breaks = IntStream.range(1, alphabet.size()) .filter(i -> alphabet.get(i).length() < alphabet.get(i-1).length()) .boxed() .collect(toList()); breaks.add(0, 0); breaks.add(alphabet.size()); List<List<String>> sublists = IntStream.range(0, breaks.size()-1) .mapToObj(i -> alphabet.subList(breaks.get(i), breaks.get(i+1))) .collect(toList());
  • 95.
    #LambdaHOL#Devoxx Streaming Over Indexes— Solution 2 [[alfa, bravo, charlie], [delta], [echo, foxtrot], [golf, hotel, india, juliet], [kilo, lima, mike, november], [oscar], [papa, quebec], [romeo, sierra], [tango, uniform], [victor, whiskey], [x-ray, yankee], [zulu]]
  • 96.