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Tutorial wednesday
- 1.
- 2. Qus. no. 1 Aprolonged prothrombin time indicates a deficiency in either of factors __ ,__,___ or ____ .
- 3. What will happenand why: To RBC size in patient with pernicious anaemia. Qus. no. 2
- 4. Why there isdifference in number of RBCS in male and female? Qus. no. 3
- 5. How hypoxia stimulateerythropoiesis? Qus. no. 4
- 6. Why should leishman’sstain be acetone free ? Qus. no. 5
- 7. Qus. no. 6 Whyand how many times the blood is diluted to count red blood cells ?
- 8. Give two pathologicalfactors causing polycythaemia. Qus. no. 7
- 9. Qus. no. 8 Writedown contents of Haemy`s fluid?
- 10. Name different plasmaproteins found in blood and their role? Qus. no. 9
- 11. Write short noteon: T lymphocyte Qus. no. 10
- 12. Identify the typeof anaemia with the help of given peripheral blood picture Qus. no. 11
- 13. What does bloodpicture shows on the basis of shape of RBCs? Qus. no. 12
- 14. Name the instrumentsand their uses A B Qus. no. 13
- 15. Qus. no. 14 Namethe two physiological conditions in which ESR is high?
- 16. Qus. no. 15 Whatare the differences between WBC and RBC pipette?
- 17. Macrophage present atfollowing sites are named as: A. Macrophages lining the sinusoids of liver __________ B. Bone marrow___________ C. Lungs ___________ Qus. no. 16
- 18. Role of thymusin the immune system Qus. no. 17
- 19. Anisocytosis and itscauses. Qus. no. 18
- 20. Advantages of biconcaveshape of RBC Qus. no. 19
Editor's Notes
- #3 A prolonged prothrombin time indicates a deficiency in any of factors VII, X, V, prothrombin, or fibrinogen. It may mean that the patient has a vitamin K deficiency (vitamin K is a co-factor in the synthesis of functional factors II (prothrombin), VII, IX and X) or a liver disease (the liver is the site of synthesis of the plasma protein factors). The prothrombin time of patients receiving a vitamin K-competing coumarin drug such as warfarin (anticoagulation therapy used in deep venous thrombophlebitis) will also be prolonged, usually in the range of one and one half to two times the normal
- #9 Hypoxia , polycythemia vera
- #10 Composition a. Sodium Chloride (Provides isotonicity) - 1 gm b. Sodium Sulphate (Prevents Roleaux formation) - 5 gms c. Mercuric Chloride (Acts as an antiseptic) - 0.5 gms d. Distilled water (Solvent) - 200cc
- #11 Functions of plasma proteins 1-Osmotic function. 2-Buffer function. 3-Defensive function. 4-Blood clotting. 5-Blood viscosity. 6-Regulation of capillary permeability. 7-Transport and conservation of important elements. 8-Source of amino acids for the tissues
- #12 lymphocyte, is a type of lymphocyte (a subtype of white blood cell) that plays a central role in cell-mediated immunity. T cells can be distinguished from other lymphocytes, such as B cells and natural killer cells, by the presence of a T-cell receptor on the cell surface. The “T cells” (so-called because they develop in a small organ called the thymus gland) are responsible for a variety of other immune responses.
- #14 Poikilocytes are abnormally shaped red blood cells as seen on a blood film in humans Symptoms Of Poikilocytosis Deficiency in supply of oxygen to organs Irregular breathing Weight loss Severe growth retardation Nutrient deficiency Cardiovascular problems Poikilocytosis is usually caused due to deficiency of vitamin B12 and folic acid. In such cases, patients are simply advised to take nutrient rick supplements till their blood plasma content returns to normal. Anisocytosis occurs when the patient is suffering from anemia, thalassemia or any other disorder of the blood. For instance, iron deficiency will lead the cells to smaller and in a deformed state
- #16 Name the two physiological conditions in which ESR is hIgh? Ans: a) Pregnancy b) Mensturation c)Increased temp.
- #18 . Macrophages lining the sinusoids of liver (Kupffer cells), _ Spleen, _ Bone marrow (littoral cells), _ Lymph nodes, _ Lungs (pulmonary alveolar macrophages or PAM also called dust cells), _ Connective tissue (histiocytes), _ Pleura and peritoneum, _ Subcutaneous tissue, _ Bones (osteoclasts)
- #19 The main function of the thymus is development of cell mediated immunity. _ The thymus confers immunological competence on the lymphocytes during their stay in the organ. In the thymus, T lymphocytes are educated so that they become capable of mounting cell-mediated immune response against appropriate antigen. T cells develop their specific T cell Markers, including TCR, CD3,CD4, or CD8 and CD2 (it thymus T cells multiply and differentiated into helper, cytotoxic , suppressor , cytotoxic T cells and memory cells
- #20 . The various causes of anisocytosis are- Deficiency of vitamin A Deficiency of vitamin B12 Deficiency of iron Diamond-Blackfan anemia Myelodysplastic Syndrome
- #21 9 Advantages of biconcave shape are: _ It renders the red cells quite flexible so that they can pass through the capillaries whose minimum diameter is 3.5 μm (Fig. 3.2-2). _ The biconcavity provides greater surface area as compared to volume which allows considerable alterations in the cell volume. Thus, the RBC can withstand considerable change in osmolality of plasma