This is a lesson for South African classrooms: it allows learners to engage actively in classroom discussions, since it poses a lot of questions relating to the topic of apartheid. it deals with segregation laws prior to apartheid, and legislation past under the National Party in 1948.

1. TURNING POINTS IN MODERN
SOUTH AFRICAN HISTORY
1948
THE NATIONAL PARTY & APARTHEID
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2. LINK TO HISTORY FET CAPS
DOCUMENT
http://www.education.gov.za/LinkClick.aspx?file
ticket=F99lepqD6vs%3d&tabid=570&mid=155
8
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3. SPECIFIC AIMS
CONCEPT:
CHANGE AND CONTINUITY:
• HOW DID APARTHEID AFFECT PEOPLE’S LIVES
AND HOW DID PEOPLE RESPOND?
• WHAT HAS CHANGED AND WHAT HAS
REMAINED THE SAME?
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4. SPECIFIC AIMS
CONCEPT:
MULTI-PERSPECTIVITY:
• HOW DID DIFFERENT SOUTH AFRICANS
RESPOND TO THE APARTHEID LAWS?
• IS/WAS THEIR VIEWS INFLUENCED BY THEIR
POSITION IN SOCIETY?
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5. SPECIFIC AIMS
CONCEPT:
HISTORICAL SOURCES AND EVIDENCE:
• WHAT WOULD RESEARCH REVEAL ABOUT
APARTHEID LAWS?
• INTERPRET AND EXPLAIN INFORMATION
FROM VARIOUS SOURCES.
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6. SPECIFIC AIMS
SPECIFIC AIMS:
• UNDERSTAND THE RANGE
OF SOURCES AVAILIBLE
• RECOGNISE THAT THERE IS
MORE THAN ONE
PERSPECTIVE OF AN EVENT
• EXPLAIN WHY THERE ARE
DIFFERENT
INTERPRETATIONS OF
HISTORICAL EVENTS AND
PEOPLE’S ACTIONS
SPECIFIC SKILLS
• COLLECT INFORMATION
FROM DIFFERENT SOURCES
• SEEING THINGS FROM
MORE THAN ONE POINT OF
VIEW
• ABILITY TO ANALYSE AND
WEIGHING UP THE
CONCLUSIONS REACHED
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7. LESSON AIMS
LEARNERS WILL BE ABLE TO:
• UNDERSTAND THE COMPLEX ROOTS OF
APARTHEID, PRIOR TO THE NATIONAL PARTY’S
VICTORY IN 1948
• UNDERSTAND HOW APARTHEID AFFECTED
PEOPLE’S LIVES AND HOW PEOPLE RESPONDED
• UNDERSTAND THAT DIFFERENT SOUTH AFRICANS
RESPONDED TO THE APARTHEID LAWS IN
ACCORDANCE TO THEIR POSITION IN SOCIETY
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8. THIS UNDERSTANDING WILL GIVE THE
LEARNERS THE CAPACITY TO:
• EXPLAIN: RACIAL SEGREGATION BEFORE APARTHEID
• INTERPRET: INFORMATION FROM VARIOUS SOURCES
• APPLY: THEIR KNOWLEDGE OF SEGREGATION LAWS BY
BEING ABLE TO GIVE EXAMPLES
• SHIFT PERSPECTIVE: REALISE THAT A SOUTH AFRICAN’S
POSITION IN SOCIETY AFFECTED HIS/HER VIEW ON
APARTHEID LAWS
• EMPHASIZE: DESCRIBE HOW THE PAST IMPACTED ON
SOUTH AFRICA’S PRESENT RAINBOW NATION.
• SELF-ASSESS: EVALUATE ONE’S OWN EMOTIONS IN
RELATION TO THE TOPIC OF APARTHEID
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9. WHO KNOWS WHAT THIS IS....?
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10. AND WHAT DOES THIS MAP SHOW
US....?
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11. WHAT CAN YOU REMEMBER ABOUT
THIS DOCUMENT....?
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12. RACIAL SEGREGATION BEFORE
APARTHEID
• RACIAL SEGREGATION WAS CREATED LONG
BEFORE 1948....REMEMBER:
• THE MIGRANT LABOUR SYSTEM AND HOW IT
AFFECTED THE LIVES OF AFRICAN PEOPLE......
• THE FORMATION OF THE UNION IN SA IN
1910, AND HOW IT GAVE SPECIAL PRIVILAGES
TO WHITE SOUTH AFRICANS.........
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13. SEGREGATION LAWS PRIOR TO 1948
• THE LAND ACT 1913
( UNEQUAL ACCESS TO LAND)
(THE BLACK ‘RESERVES’)
(BLACK PEOPLE WERE ALLOWED TO OWN LAND ON ONLY
13% OF SA, UNDER PREDECIDED CONDITIONS)
• BLACK SOUTH AFRICANS WERE NOT ALLOWED TO
VOTE
• THE JOB COLOUR BAR
• PASS LAWS THAT CONTROLLED THE MOVEMENT OF
AFRICANS
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14. AND THEN: THE GENERAL SOUTH
AFRICAN ELECTION IN 1948...
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15. SEGREGATION ....
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16. ....SEGREGATION....
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17. ....SEGREGATION....
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18. ...AND MORE SEGREGATION...
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19. HOW DID THESE PICTURES MAKE YOU
FEEL? WHY?
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20. WHY DID THE NP WIN THE 1948
ELECTIONS?
• The United Party expected to win, since they
led SA successfully through WW2
• But, the changes that happened during WW2
effected the way white South Africans voted
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21. FACTORS THAT INFLUENCED THE WAY
WHITE SOUTH AFRICANS VOTED
1. SA economy did well: Industries and mines
needed more workers, and more Africans left
the rural areas to come and work in
towns/cities. There were now more Africans
than white people in the cities, and while the
white people were at war, the African people
took over skilled work (normally done by
white people).
WHITE VOTERS FELT THREATENED!
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22. FACTORS THAT INFLUENCED THE WAY
WHITE SOUTH AFRICANS VOTED
2. BUS BOYCOTS: Workers boycotted the bus
companies every time it tried to raise fares.
The bus companies was forced to keep fares
down for 5 years.
WHITE VOTERS BECAME AFRAID OF THE
POWER OF MASS BLACK RESISTANCE.
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23. FACTORS THAT INFLUENCED THE WAY
WHITE SOUTH AFRICANS VOTED
3. INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS: Not enough
housing in the cities for immigrating African
people led to vast informal settlements on the
outskirts of cities. Possession was taken of
land on the outskirts of cities to build large
squatter movements.
WHITE VOTERS SUPPORTED NP’S ATTITUDE TO
KEEP BLACK PEOPLE OUT OF THE CITIES
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24. FACTORS THAT INFLUENCED THE WAY
WHITE SOUTH AFRICANS VOTED
4. THE 1946 AFRICAN GOLD MINERS’ STRIKE:
The African gold miners went on strike for
higher wages and better living conditions. This
was the biggest work stoppage SA has ever
experienced.
WHITE VOTERS FELT THE NP WOULD BE MORE
CAPABLE IN PREVENTING MORE STRIKES
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25. FACTORS THAT INFLUENCED THE WAY
WHITE SOUTH AFRICANS VOTED
5. D.F.MALAN’S CLAIM: The leader of the
National Party, D.F. Malan, claimed that white
people were being threatened by a “SWART
GEVAAR” (Black Danger) and produced a
statement that used the word “APARTHEID” to
describe a programme to tighten segregation
laws.
WHITE SOUTH AFRICANS FELT HE IS A GOOD
LEADER AND LIKED HIS SUGGESTION.
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26. NATIONAL PARTY: WHITES-ONLY
GOVERNMENT
• Under apartheid, the whites only government
ruled South Africa and held all the power.
• All the laws benefitted white people.
• Apartheid officially came to an end in 1994.
• It is difficult for young South African “BORN
FREES” to appreciate what it meant to those
who lived under apartheid.
LET US LOOK AT IT TO TRY AND UNDERSTAND
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27. AFTER THE NP CAME TO POWER IN 1948, THEY
PASSED 148 APARTHEID LAWS
THESE LAWS AIMED TO:
1. Increase the power and living standards of
whites.
2. Increase the separation of races.
3. Control the movement of black people.
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28. HOW DID THESE LAWS IMPACT ON
THE LIVES OF ALL SOUTH AFRICANS?
• White people’s lives generally became better.
• Black people experienced more and more
hardship.
• Laws were used to control:
1. Who had power
2. Who could vote
3. Where people lived
4. Where people worked
5. where and how people were educated
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29. Let us look at some of these
apartheid laws:
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30. WHAT DOES THIS PICTURE
DEMONSTRATE?
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31. APARTHEID LAW:
1. SEPERATE AMENITIES ACT
BEACHES, PARKS, TOILETS, BUSSES AND NEARLY
ALL PUBLIC AMENITIES WERE SEGREGATED.
WHITES WERE ALLOWED TO USE THE BEST
AMENITIES.
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32. What apartheid law could have motivated this
“communist” meeting?
Were these people really communists?
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33. APARTHEID LAW:
2. THE SUPPRESSION OF COMMUNISM ACT
3. THE TERRORISM ACT
These laws banned any political organisation
that the National Party did not like,
By calling them “communists” or “terrorists”.
People were arrested, detained and tortured
without trial under these acts.
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34. WHAT DOES THE BANNER IMPLY
WITH “BAAS EDUCATION”?
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35. APARTHEID LAW:
4. BANTU EDUCATION ACT
Black children received an inferior education
In relation to the education white children
received.
The purpose of this was to keep the black South
Africans as labourers for the white South
Africans, who were meant to fill “white collar
jobs”
What is meant by “White collar jobs”?
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36. LOOK HOW UNFAIR THE SYSTEM
WAS!
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37. WHERE WERE BLACK SOUTH
AFRICANS ALLOWED TO LIVE?
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38. APARTHEID LAW:
5. BANTU SELF GOVERNMENT ACT
This act set up a system of
“HOMELANDS”
OR
“BANTUSTANS”
For black South Africans.
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39. WHY WOULD THIS POSTER ASK “WHAT”
YOUR CHILDREN IS AND NOT “WHO”?
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40. APARTHEID LAW:
6. POPULATION REGISTRATION ACT
This law classified all South Africans into categories.
Every one fell into one of the following categories:
1. EUROPEAN (WHITES)
2. COLOURED
3. INDIAN
4. AFRICAN
The government would actually perform “pencil tests” to
determine in which category one belongs.
WHAT IS THE “PENCIL TEST”?
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41. WHAT WAS SO BAD ABOUT
CARRYING A PASS?
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42. APARTHEID LAW:
7. PASSES ACT
All African men had to carry
‘reference’ books or ‘pass’ books.
Passes were used to control the movement of
African male workers between the rural and
urban areas.
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43. WHY DID THESE PEOPLE STATE THAT THEY WOULD
NOT MOVE? DID SOMEONE ASK THEM TO MOVE?
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44. WHO CAN SAY WHAT HAPPENED HERE? WHY
WAS THIS THE END OF THEIR WORLD?
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45. APARTHEID LAW:
8. GROUP AREAS ACT
Special areas were set aside as
residential and business areas for particular
races.
Many people were forced to move under this
act
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46. THEY LOOK SO HAPPY! WHY DID NO
ONE COME TO THEIR WEDDING?
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47. APARTHEID LAW:
9. PROHIBITION OF MIXED MARIAGES ACT
10. THE IMMORALITY ACT
These laws forbade marriages between blacks
and whites.
It also made it illegal for black and white people
to have sexual relations with each other.
WHERE IN SOUTH AFRICA WERE PEOPLE
ALLOWED TO BREAK THIS LAW?
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48. REFERENCES:
All references were accessed on 31 August 2015:
• https://www.pinterest.com/nina2keno/3-love-
3/
• http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CC
X3424300046&v=2.1&u=red58240&it=r&p=GPS
&sw=w&asid=933dc36891d3961bc98c9f75e0cfc
3e1
• http://mikesmithspoliticalcommentary.blogspot.
com/2010/05/opening-pandoras-apartheid-box-
part-11.html
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49. REFERENCES:
• http://www.slideshare.net/ivanaput/aparthei
d-11864858
• http://www.slideshare.net/misofshongwe/sou
th-africas-contibution
• http://kaganof.com/kagablog/2013/08/29/ch
erryl-walker-land-quest-towards-a-
cosmopolitan-sense-of-place/
• http://www.sitesample.co.za/experience/cape
-town-cultural-and-heritage.htm
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