Tumor immunology is the study of:
- The host immune response to tumor cells in the body
- The immune system's ability to recognize and promote the eradication of tumor cells
- Mechanisms by which tumors evade the immune system and immunotherapy approaches to target tumors
Delve into the complex world of tumors with our insightful presentation. From benign growths to malignant masses, we'll navigate through the intricacies of tumor biology, diagnosis, and treatment. Through a comprehensive exploration of key concepts and cutting-edge research, discover how tumors develop, evade the body's defenses, and influence health outcomes. Join us as we decode the language of oncology, examining tumor types, classifications, and the latest advancements in therapeutic interventions. Whether you're a healthcare professional, researcher, or simply curious about the science behind tumors, this presentation promises to enlighten and inspire.
Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells anywhere in a body.
There are over 200 types of cancer.
Anything that may cause a normal body cell to develop abnormally potentially can cause cancer; general categories of cancer-related or causative agents are as follows: chemical or toxic compound exposures, ionizing radiation, some pathogens, and human genetics.
Cancer symptoms and signs depend on the specific type and grade of cancer; although general signs and symptoms are not very specific the following can be found in patients with different cancers: fatigue, weight loss, pain, skin changes, change in bowel or bladder function, unusual bleeding, persistent cough or voice change, fever, lumps, or tissue masses.
Although there are many tests to screen and presumptively diagnose cancer, the definite diagnosis is made by examination of a biopsy sample of suspected cancer tissue.Cancer staging is often determined by biopsy results and helps determine the cancer type and the extent of cancer spread; staging also helps caregivers determine treatment protocols. In general, in most staging methods, the higher the number assigned (usually between 0 to 4), the more aggressive the cancer type or more widespread is the cancer in the body. Staging methods differ from cancer to cancer and need to be individually discussed with your health care provider.
Treatment protocols vary according to the type and stage of the cancer. Most treatment protocols are designed to fit the individual patient's disease. However, most treatments include at least one of the following and may include all: surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy.
There are many listed home remedies and alternative treatments for cancers but patients are strongly recommended to discuss these before use with their cancer doctors.
Cancer is disease where cells grows out of control and invade, erode and destroy normal tissues
Normal body cells grow, divide and die in orderly fashion
Cancer cell does not obey this path
Cancer cells don't die (Immortality). They just continue to grow and divide in disorderly fashion
This makes it hard for the body to work the way it should
A tumor marker is a substance found in your blood, urine, or body tissue. The term "tumor markers" may refer to proteins that are made by both healthy
....
Delve into the complex world of tumors with our insightful presentation. From benign growths to malignant masses, we'll navigate through the intricacies of tumor biology, diagnosis, and treatment. Through a comprehensive exploration of key concepts and cutting-edge research, discover how tumors develop, evade the body's defenses, and influence health outcomes. Join us as we decode the language of oncology, examining tumor types, classifications, and the latest advancements in therapeutic interventions. Whether you're a healthcare professional, researcher, or simply curious about the science behind tumors, this presentation promises to enlighten and inspire.
Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells anywhere in a body.
There are over 200 types of cancer.
Anything that may cause a normal body cell to develop abnormally potentially can cause cancer; general categories of cancer-related or causative agents are as follows: chemical or toxic compound exposures, ionizing radiation, some pathogens, and human genetics.
Cancer symptoms and signs depend on the specific type and grade of cancer; although general signs and symptoms are not very specific the following can be found in patients with different cancers: fatigue, weight loss, pain, skin changes, change in bowel or bladder function, unusual bleeding, persistent cough or voice change, fever, lumps, or tissue masses.
Although there are many tests to screen and presumptively diagnose cancer, the definite diagnosis is made by examination of a biopsy sample of suspected cancer tissue.Cancer staging is often determined by biopsy results and helps determine the cancer type and the extent of cancer spread; staging also helps caregivers determine treatment protocols. In general, in most staging methods, the higher the number assigned (usually between 0 to 4), the more aggressive the cancer type or more widespread is the cancer in the body. Staging methods differ from cancer to cancer and need to be individually discussed with your health care provider.
Treatment protocols vary according to the type and stage of the cancer. Most treatment protocols are designed to fit the individual patient's disease. However, most treatments include at least one of the following and may include all: surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy.
There are many listed home remedies and alternative treatments for cancers but patients are strongly recommended to discuss these before use with their cancer doctors.
Cancer is disease where cells grows out of control and invade, erode and destroy normal tissues
Normal body cells grow, divide and die in orderly fashion
Cancer cell does not obey this path
Cancer cells don't die (Immortality). They just continue to grow and divide in disorderly fashion
This makes it hard for the body to work the way it should
A tumor marker is a substance found in your blood, urine, or body tissue. The term "tumor markers" may refer to proteins that are made by both healthy
....
Cancer basically starts with uncontrolled growth level of cells and goes beyond the blood lymph or healthy tissues to create tumor in their targeted organ(s).
Dr. Lalit Banswal offers best treatment with comprehensive care for all types of Genito Urinary Cancer. He is the best Genito-Urinary Cancer Specialist in Pune. To know more about the cancer & it's treatment consult Dr. Lalit Banswal now!!!
CANCER
•
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A brief intro of cancer, what is benign & malignant cancer, how it begins, how it spreads. Different stages of cancer. what is the pathophysiology. Different types of cancer their etiology,pathophysiology and diagnosis.
This lecture power point gives the basic and fundamental understanding and management of cancer and its diseases.
And as well as some remedies and recommendations
Cancer basically starts with uncontrolled growth level of cells and goes beyond the blood lymph or healthy tissues to create tumor in their targeted organ(s).
Dr. Lalit Banswal offers best treatment with comprehensive care for all types of Genito Urinary Cancer. He is the best Genito-Urinary Cancer Specialist in Pune. To know more about the cancer & it's treatment consult Dr. Lalit Banswal now!!!
CANCER
•
A Term for diseases in which abnormal cells reproduce rapidly A Term for diseases in which abnormal cells reproduce rapidly A Term for diseases in which abnormal cells reproduce rapidly A Term for diseases in which abnormal cells reproduce rapidly A Term for diseases in which abnormal cells reproduce rapidly A Term for diseases in which abnormal cells reproduce rapidly A Term for diseases in which abnormal cells reproduce rapidly A Term for diseases in which abnormal cells reproduce rapidly A Term for diseases in which abnormal cells reproduce rapidly A Term for diseases in which abnormal cells reproduce rapidly A Term for diseases in which abnormal cells reproduce rapidly A Term for diseases in which abnormal cells reproduce rapidly A Term for diseases in which abnormal cells reproduce rapidly A Term for diseases in which abnormal cells reproduce rapidly A Term for diseases in which abnormal cells reproduce rapidly A Term for diseases in which abnormal cells reproduce rapidly A Term for diseases in which abnormal cells reproduce rapidly A Term for diseases in which abnormal cells reproduce rapidly A Term for diseases in which abnormal cells reproduce rapidly A Term for diseases in which abnormal cells reproduce rapidly A Term for diseases in which abnormal cells reproduce rapidly A Term for diseases in which abnormal cells reproduce rapidly A Term for diseases in which abnormal cells reproduce rapidly A Term for diseases in which abnormal cells reproduce rapidly , maintaining their ability to replicate and grow can invade nearby , maintaining their ability to replicate and grow can invade nearby , maintaining their ability to replicate and grow can invade nearby , maintaining their ability to replicate and grow can invade nearby , maintaining their ability to replicate and grow can invade nearby , maintaining their ability to replicate and grow can invade nearby , maintaining their ability to replicate and grow can invade nearby , maintaining their ability to replicate and grow can invade nearby , maintaining their ability to replicate and grow can invade nearby , maintaining their ability to replicate and grow can invade nearby , maintaining their ability to replicate and grow can invade nearby , maintaining their ability to replicate and grow can invade nearby , maintaining their ability to replicate and grow can invade nearby , maintaining their ability to replicate and grow can invade nearby , maintaining their ability to replicate and grow can invade nearby , maintaining their ability to replicate and grow can invade nearby , maintaining their ability to replicate and grow can invade nearby , maintaining their ability to replicate and grow can invade nearby , maintaining their ability to replicate and grow can invade nearby , maintaining their ability to replicate and grow can invade nearby , maintaining their ability to replicate and grow can invade nearby .
A brief intro of cancer, what is benign & malignant cancer, how it begins, how it spreads. Different stages of cancer. what is the pathophysiology. Different types of cancer their etiology,pathophysiology and diagnosis.
This lecture power point gives the basic and fundamental understanding and management of cancer and its diseases.
And as well as some remedies and recommendations
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Factory Supply Best Quality Pmk Oil CAS 28578–16–7 PMK Powder in Stockrebeccabio
Factory Supply Best Quality Pmk Oil CAS 28578–16–7 PMK Powder in Stock
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Hot Selling Organic intermediates
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
3. Tumor immunology is the study of:
• The antigenic properties of the tumor cells
• The host Immune Response to these tumor
cells
• The immunologic consequences to the host of
the growth of the malignant cells
• The means e means by which the immune
system can be modulated to recognize tumor
cells and promote tumor eradication
4. • Tumor antigens
• Effectors mechanisms in anti-tumor immunity
• Mechanisms of tumor evasion evasion of the
immune system
• Immunotherapy for tumors
5. CAUSATIVE AGENTS OF TUMOUR
INDUCTION
• Spontaneous
• Chemical carcinogens
• UV an d ionizing radiation
• Virus-induced (HepC, EBV, HPV)
• Genetic abnormalities
• Immunosuppression
6. How cancer starts, grows and spreads
• Our bodies are made up of trillions of cells
grouped to form tissues and organs. Genes
inside the nucleus of each cell tell it when to
grow, work, divide and die. Normally, our cells
follow these instructions and we stay healthy.
7. conti………
• But when there is a change in our DNA or
damage to it, a gene can mutate.
• Mutated genes don’t work properly because
the instructions in their DNA get mixed up.
• This can cause cells that should be resting to
divide and grow out of control, which can lead
to cancer.
8. How cancer starts
• When genes work properly, they tell cells
when it is the right time to grow and divide.
When cells divide, they make exact copies of
themselves. One cell divides into 2 identical
cells, then 2 cells divide into 4, and so on. In
adults, cells normally grow and divide to make
more cells only when the body needs them,
such as to replace aging or damaged cells.
10. Starts cont…
• Cancer cells are different.
• Cancer cells have gene mutations that turn
the cell from a normal cell into a cancer cell.
• These gene mutations may be inherited,
develop over time as we get older and genes
wear out, or develop if we are around
something that damages our genes, like
cigarette smoke, alcohol or ultraviolet (UV)
radiation from the sun.
11. • A cancer cell doesn’t act like a normal cell.
• It starts to grow and divide out of control instead
of dying when it should.
• Cancer cells don’t mature as much as normal
cells so they stay immature.
NOTE
• There are many different types of cancer.
• They all start because of cells that are growing
abnormally and out of control.
• Cancer can start in any cell in the body.
12. How cancer grows
• Gene mutations in cancer cells interfere with
the normal instructions in a cell and can cause
it to grow out of control or not die when it
should.
• A cancer can continue to grow because cancer
cells act differently than normal cells.
13. Cancer cells are different from normal
cells because they:
• divide out of control
• are immature and don’t develop into mature cells
with specific jobs
• avoid the immune system
• ignore signals that tell them to stop dividing or to
die when they should
• don’t stick together very well and can spread to
other parts of the body through the blood or
lymphatic system
• grow into and damage tissues and organs
14. • As cancer cells divide, a tumour will develop
and grow.
• Cancer cells have the same needs as normal
cells. They need a blood supply to bring
oxygen and nutrients to grow and survive.
• When a tumour is very small, it can easily
grow, and it gets oxygen and nutrients from
nearby blood vessels.
16. • When a tumour grows, it needs more blood to bring
oxygen and other nutrients to the cancer cells.
• So cancer cells send signals for a tumour to make new
blood vessels. This is called angiogenesis and it is one
of the reasons that tumours grow and get bigger.
• It also allows cancer cells to get into the blood and
spread more easily to other parts of the body. There is
a lot of research that is looking at using drugs that stop
blood vessel growth (called angiogenesis inhibitors),
causing a tumour to stop growing and even shrink.
17. How cancer spreads
• As a tumour gets bigger, cancer cells can
spread to surrounding tissues and structures
by pushing on normal tissue beside the
tumour.
• Cancer cells also make enzymes that break
down normal cells and tissues as they grow.
Cancer that grows into nearby tissue is called
local invasion or invasive cancer.
19. • Cancer can also spread from where it first
started to other parts of the body.
• This process is called metastasis.
• Cancer cells can metastasize when they break
away from the tumour and travel to a new
location in the body through the blood or
lymphatic system.
20. Where cancer can spread and staging
• Most cancers have a tendency to spread to certain areas of the
body.
• This has helped doctors develop staging systems that are used to
classify cancers based on information about where the cancer is in
the body and if it has spread from where it started.
• Many cancers follow a staging system from 1 to 4 that is usually
given in Roman numerals I, II, III or IV. Knowing how a cancer
spreads and where a cancer may spread helps doctors predict how
the cancer will grow.
• This also helps them plan treatment and give appropriate
supportive care.
• Cancer can spread anywhere in the body, but it’s most likely to
spread to lymph nodes, bones, the brain, the liver or the lungs.
21. Why does cancer sometimes come
back?
• Cancer sometimes comes back after treatment.
• This is called a recurrence. Even if one cancer cell is left
behind, it can grow and divide to become a new tumour.
• A new tumour can start to grow in the same area of the
body where the cancer first started, or the cancer may have
spread through the blood or lymphatic system to another
part of the body, where it grows into a new tumour.
• This is why doctors sometimes use another treatment right
after the first treatment, such as giving chemotherapy after
surgery. This is called adjuvant therapy.
• The goal of adjuvant therapy is to help prevent the cancer
from coming back in case some cancer cells are left behind
in the body
22. • In some cases, treatment may stop working
(become resistant) so cancer cells are no
longer being destroyed. So cancer that was
shrinking or had disappeared may start to
grow again and get bigger. This can happen
when the genes inside cancer cells mutate.
Some gene mutations make cancer cells
resistant to chemotherapy and other drug
treatments. If you become resistant to a
treatment, your doctor may suggest that you
try another one.
23. Cure or remission
• Many cancers can be cured with treatment.
But cancer that is thought to be cured can still
come back even years later.
• This is why some doctors prefer to say that
the cancer is in remission.
• Remission means there are fewer signs and
symptoms of a disease (such as cancer) or that
they have completely gone away.
24. Comparison
• Tumors are sometimes cancerous but this
does not mean that tumors and cancers are
synonyms (as most people think). Though all
lumps are not cancerous, a few of them are.
So a proper examination of lumps is very
important.
25. Treatment
• Cancer -Surgery, chemotherapy and
radiotherapy.
• Tumor
• Removing a benign tumor is relatively easy
through surgery, and the condition does not
recur.
26. Abnormal Cellular Growth
• Tumors and cancers are different. A tumor
develops when a lesion or lump is formed in
your body due to abnormal cellular growth. In
the case of cancer, this cellular growth is
uncontrollable and it spreads in the body.
Both can be detected with an MRI scan.
27. Not all tumors are cancerous
• It is important to understand that not all
tumors are cancerous. There are benign
tumors where the growth is limited to certain
part of the body. A tumor becomes cancer
when it is malignant. This means that the
primary growth can generate several
secondary growths thus invading vital parts of
your body and spreading everywhere.
28. • Just as all tumors are not cancerous,
all cancer cases are also not
characterized by tumor growth. For
example, in case of blood cancer,
there is no tumor involved. However,
on appearance of a tumor, biopsy
becomes very important to
determine if its growth is malignant
or benign.
29. • A tumor may or may not develop
into cancer. Cancer on the other
hand is a malignant condition in
which the spread of abnormal
cellular growth could become
uncontrollable.
30. Types of Cancers
• Breast cancer
• Prostate cancer
• Lung cancer
• Colon cancer
• Corpus and uterus cancer
• Melanoma (skin cancer)
• Urinary bladder cancer
• Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
• Renal (kidney) cancer
• Leukemia (blood cancer)
31. • While the above list is based on frequency of occurrence
(i.e., new cases), the top 10 list when sorted by mortality or
death rates gives us the deadliest cancers, which are as
follows:
• Lung cancer
• Breast cancer
• Prostate cancer
• Colon cancer
• Pancreatic cancer
• Liver cancer
• Ovarian cancer
• Leukemia (blood cancer)
• Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
• Corpus and uterus cancer
•
33. PSORIASIS
• Psoriasis is a skin disease that causes red,
itchy scaly patches, most commonly on the
knees, elbows, trunk and scalp. Psoriasis is a
common, long-term (chronic) disease with no
cure. It tends to go through cycles, flaring for a
few weeks or months, then subsiding for a
while or going into remission.
35. FINISHING WELL
2 john 1:8-ESV
• Watch yourselves, so that you may not lose
what we have worked for, but may win a full
reward.
• Philippians 1: 6-NIV
• being confident of this, that he who began a
good work in you will carry it on to completion
until the day of Christ Jesus.