Infectious disease is a one of the leading cause of death which caused by bacteria, viruses, protozoans and algae. Disease is identified on the basis of sign and symptoms of infection. There is a various kind of diseases mentioned in the PPT

1. DISEASE
Prof. Kavita Khobragade

2. Definition
Disease
 Rare consequence and final stage of infection process
 Any deviation from a condition of good heath and well being
 Characterized by certain specific signs and symptoms

3. Sign
An observable and measurable deviations within a body of the patient produced by infected
pathogenic micro-organisms during pathogenesis.
Symptom
Detectable physiological and metabolic deviation from the normal state of health and usually
reported by the infected person to the physician
Syndrome
The group of specific sign and symptoms occurring in an infected person, during pathogenesis
constitutes a syndrome or disease
Ex. Typhoid fever

4. Types of Diseases
 Endemic
occur commonly and constantly in the large communities of particular geological region
Ex. Typhoid fever, Cholera
 Epidemic
The disease which spread and infect large number of people within a short time
Ex. Plague
 Pandemic
An epidemic disease which spread rapidly within short time and cause disease in large numbers of
people in many areas of the country also throughout the many countries of world
Ex. Covid-19, influenza

5. • Prosodemic disease
It is a creeping or smoldering epidemic disease which spreads very slowly among many people
in the community and persist for longer period of time
Ex. Artrities
• Sporadic Disease
Some times after an epidemic diseases few scattered cases of other diseases occur now and
then in the community due to cross or secondary infection
Ex. Pneumonia after Typhoid or Malaria epidemic
• Exotic disease
The disease which is not native and introduced or transferred from foreign country
Ex. AIDS
• Venereal Disease
the disease transmitted from one person to another by sexual intercourse or direct contact
Ex. Syphilis
• Zoonotic disease
the disease of animal transmitted to man
Ex. Plague from Rats

6. • Infectious Disease
the diseases in which the pathogenic microorganisms can transfer from infected person to
healthy individuals
Ex. Diptheria
• Non-Infectious Disease
the disease in which pathogenic microorganisms do not transfer easily from infected person
to the healthy individual
Ex. Cholera, Dysentery
• Communicable Disease
the disease in which the pathogenic microorganism spreads very easily and rapidly in the
community resulting in to epidemic or endemics
Ex. Chicken pox, Small pox
• Non-Communicable Disease
the disease which is not communicable i.e, which do not spread easily and rapidly in the
community is known as non-communicable diseases
Ex. Botulism, Poliomyelities