Railways are one of the earliest and major modes of transportation globally and in many countries. In Europe, there is an extensive railway system connecting many countries. The Eurail system offers rail passes allowing travel across participating European countries. Passes have different options depending on the number of countries and days traveled. Motor coaches also provide transportation services, with major operators like Greyhound and Trailways. Railways and motor coaches play an important role in transportation in countries like the Philippines, with various existing and proposed train lines serving different areas.

1. TOURISM
SECTORS
Part II

2. RAILWAYS
 Considered one of the earliest modes of
transportation.
 Serves as one of the major transport services in
many countries.
 Includes: India, Japan, China and South Korea.
 Widespread in European countries

3. RAILWAYS
 To date, this mode of transportation still
attracts travelers as they continue to offer :
 Comfort
 Reasonable fares and;
 Less travel time

4. EUROPEAN RAILWAY SYSTEM
 Europe is home to one of the most extensive railway systems.
 The main international trains operating in Europe are:
 InterCityExpress (Germany, The
Netherlands, Belgium, France, Denmark, Switzerland and Austria)
 Thalys (France, Germany, Belgium, The Netherlands)
 Enterprise (Republic of Ireland & Northern Ireland/UK)
 Eurostar (Great Britain, France, Belgium)
 EuroCity (conventional trains operated by nearly all Western and Central
European operators, with the notable exception of the United Kingdom and
Ireland)
 TGV (France, Belgium, Italy, Switzerland, Germany, Luxembourg)
 Oresundtrain (Denmark, Sweden)
 SJ 2000 (Sweden, Denmark)

6. THE EURAIL
 The Eurail also known as the Eurorail
 One of the most exstensive railway systems in the world.
 Its major product, offers rail passes for train travel all across
Europe
 The Eurail passes (Eurorail Passes)
 A passenger has largely unlimited ability to travel on nearly all European railroads
and some shipping lines at a fixed price per day of travel or travel within a certain
number of days.

7. THE EURAIL
 Covers 21 European Countries:
• Austria • Luxembourg
• Belgium • The
• Croatia Netherlands
• Czech Republic • Norway
• Denmark • Portugal
• Finland • Romania
• France • Slovenia
• Germany • Spain
• Greece • Sweden
• Hungary • Switzerland
• Ireland
• Italy

8. THE EURAIL PASSES
Types
 Global Pass:
 The Eurail Global Pass lets you visit 23 countries throughout Europe, and see
them in any order you like.
 Select Pass:
 Gives you flexibility to plan your trip, and also comes with the most options.
 Can choose from 3, 4 or 5 bordering countries and 5 up to 15 travel days.

9. THE EURAIL PASSES
 Regional Pass:
 Combine two bordering countries.
 Offer the ability to concentrate your European adventure within a specific
region.
 One Country Pass:
 The Eurail One Country Pass is for if you want to spend your time exploring
one country or area.
 Valid for one month, and the number of travel days available varies per
country.

10. THE EURAIL PASSES
 Unfortunately this service not available for everyone.
 Not available for residents of Europe, the UK, Morocco, Turkey, or any of the
countries of the former Soviet Union.
 If you are a citizen of any of these countries, but are a resident of the United
States, Caribbean, Mexico, Central America or Canada, Eurorail are able to
sell the rail pass or tickets to you.
 Passes are based on residency not citizenship, and the country of your
residence will be printed on the rail pass as well as the names on the pass
and on the passport have to match.

11. UNDERSEA RAILWAY TUNNELS
 Links two countries or areas that are separated by bodies of
water through an undersea tunnel.

12. UNDERSEA RAILWAY TUNNELS
 The Channel Tunnel
 Aka Chunnel; Euro tunnel
 Connects France and Britain
 Stretches around 49.89 kms
 The Longest Tunnel underneath the sea.
 Consists of three tunnels. The first 2 tubes serve
rail traffic. The third is an emergency escape route.

13. UNDERSEA RAILWAY TUNNELS
 The Seikan Tunnel
 Located in Japan
 The longest seabed tunnel in the world.
 Passes by the Tsugaru strait to the Honshu and
Hokkaido islands

14. MOTOR COACHES
 The bus is the most reasonable and practical mode of
transportation.
 Dominated by two major players:
 Trailways Transportation Systems
 Greyhound lines

15. MOTOR COACHES
 Trailways Transportation Systems
 Composed of 80 small independent motor coaches that have merged to
provide competitive markets.
 Operates over 2,000 luxury-styled motor coaches serving more than 1,00
destinations throughout north America and parts of Europe.

16. MOTOR COACHES
 Greyhound Lines
 Founded in 1914
 The largest provider of intercity bus transportation serving more than 2,000
destinations across north America.
 They also operate with independent buslines to provide links from small towns
to the national routes of the country.

17. RAILWAYS AND
MOTOR COACHES:
An examination of the Philippine
Setting

18. HISTORY
 June 25, 1875, a general plan to establish the railroad line in
Luzon was declared by King Alfonso XII of Spain.
 November 24, 1982: First 195km railway line from manila to
Dagupan was opened. This was extended to reach Legaspi in the
south and La Union in the north in 1940.

19. HISTORY
 June 20, 1946: RA 4156, a new charter that renamed the Railway
system to the Philippine National Railways (PNR).
 The Strong Republic Transit System was born. Aims to provide an
integrated mass transit system.
 The mass transit trains of the Philippines were created through
E.O. 603, as amended by E.O. 830.

20. HISTORY
 The creation of the Light Rail Transit Authority (LRTA) aimed to
create fast and efficient mas transit for the growing population in
the Philippines.

21. THE TRAIN LINES IN THE
PHILIPPINES
 Composed of five (5) existing lines
Old Name New Name
LRT Line 1/ Metrorail Yellow Line
MRT Line 2/ Megatren Purple Line
MRT Line 3/ Metrostar Blue Line
PNR Northrail Green Line
PNR Southrail Orange Line

22. THE TRAIN LINES IN THE
PHILIPPINES
 And three (3) proposed extensions and lines
Name Routes
MRT-7 13-station, 21-kilometer line that
starting in Quezon City and
traverses Commonwealth Avenue,
passing through Caloocan City and
ends in San Jose del Monte,
Bulacan
MRT-8/ East Rail Line 48-kilometer (30 mi) line crossing
through Metro Manila and the
provinces of Laguna and Rizal.
begin in Sta, Mesa, Manila and end
in Angono, Rizal
UP Diliman Monorail Vicinity of the University of the
Philippines. 500- Meter Line
starting from Philcoa and ands in
the UP-Ayala Technohub

28. Passenger Transportation
THE CRUISING INDUSTRY

29. SEA TRANSPORTATION AND
CRUISING
Sea Transportation:
 Watercraft carrying people or goods. Sea transport
has been the largest carrier of freight throughout
recorded history.
 Can be over any distance by boat, ship, sailboat or
barge, over oceans and lakes, through canals or
along rivers.
 May be for commerce, recreation or the Military.
Virtually any material that can be moved, can be
moved by water

30. SEA TRANSPORTATION AND CRUISING
Cruise
 Vacation trip by ship.
 Travelling by water for purely recreational
purposes. This is a leisure vacation experience
with the ships staff doing all the work.

31. SEA TRANSPORTATION AND CRUISING
History of Cruising
 Ancient Times
 Ships sailed for practical reasons across the
Mediterranean. However, there were a few
who came on board in order to experience
the far flung ports visited by these ships.
 Herodotus was one of those people. He
compiled the list of interesting things he saw
on his travels.

32. SEA TRANSPORTATION AND CRUISING
History of Cruising
 500AD
 “Leisure” travel disappeared. Sea travel was
mostly for exploration, trade and to conquer new
lands.
 The 1800’s
 Shipping companies rediscovered that they
could increase their profits by booking
passengers.
 Shipping companies began building vessels
(steamships as they were called before) to
transport people.

33. SEA TRANSPORTATION AND CRUISING
History of Cruising
 The 1900’s:
 Ocean liners were among the most astonishing
creations to appear during this period.
 The purpose of this was to carry immigrants and
not the wealthy. There was two or three classes
of service.

34. SEA TRANSPORTATION AND CRUISING
History of Cursing
 The First World War:
 Most ocean crossing vessels were converted
into troop transport.
 During the 1920’s and 1930’s ocean liners
began to provide more entertainment and
tried to attract more of the middle class.
 Being seen inside ocean liners was the “in”
thing.

35. SEA TRANSPORTATION AND CRUISING
History of Cursing
 The birth of contemporary cruising
 During the 1900’s a few smaller steamship lines
created a product that is close to what we now
call a cruise.
 During winter, these lines would switch routes
from the transatlantic route to routes going to
warmer places.
 1958 marked the emergence of commercial jet
service across the Atlantic ocean.

36. SEA TRANSPORTATION AND CRUISING
History of Cursing
 Development of modern cruising
 The smaller ships cruising the Caribbean became the
model of nearly every company that pursued this
product.
 Ships became floating resorts offering pleasurable
activities.
 During the 1970’s cruising became a major
phenomenon. Cruise companies were building ships
designed primarily for cruising.
 The 1980’s and 1990’s saw the emergence of
“megaships”.

37. SEA TRANSPORTATION AND CRUISING
Cruising today:
 Cruises today have itineraries that range from a
three-day, four-day (short itineraries)
 The more popular ones are the five- to twelve-
day cruises. The seven-day cruise is the most
common.
 A ships agenda can be a round trip or circle
itinerary. The agenda can also be a one-way
itinerary.

38. SEA TRANSPORTATION AND CRUISING
Cruising Today:
 During the cruise, the passengers experience a
plethora of different activities. The activities
usually take place on at-sea days.
 When the ship is on port days, passengers
have the option to go ashore or say on the ship.

39. THE PASSENGERS
AND MOTIVATION
FOR CRUISING

40. THE PASSENGERS AND MOTIVATION
FOR CRUISING
Who Cruises?
 All age groups
 There are different cruises being offered for different demographics

41. THE PASSENGERS AND MOTIVATION
FOR CRUISING
Why do people cruise?
 A cruise is a hassle-free vacation
 A cruise takes you away from it all
 Your pampered like nowhere else
 You can do it all- or nothing at all
 You can sample a broad geographic area
 A cruise is something new
 Cruises offere a huge variety of events, activities and meals

42. THE PASSENGERS AND MOTIVATION
FOR CRUISING
Why do people cruise?
 A cruise facilitates shopping
 A cruise lend themselves to groups
 It’s easy to make friends on a cruise
 Cruises lend themselves to groups
 Cruise is a romantic experience
 A cruise is a learning experience
 There’s a cruise that can satisisfy virtually anyone

43. THE PASSENGERS AND MOTIVATION
FOR CRUISING
Why do people cruise?
 It’s a great way to celebrate a special event
 Everybody’s talking about how wonderful cruises are
 Cruises represent a safe travel experience
 Value for money
 You know what your paying for in advance.

44. THE PASSENGERS AND MOTIVATION
FOR CRUISING
Why do some people not go on cruises?
 Cruises are too expensive
 Cruises are boring
 Cruises are too stuffy and formal
 Cruises are for older people
 Cruises are too regimented
 There is not enough time in ports
 Ship environment is too confining

45. THE PASSENGERS AND MOTIVATION
FOR CRUISING
Why do some people not go on cruises?
 Being forced to socialize with people
 I’ll eat too much and put on weight.
 Ship safety
 Worried about getting sick
 I don’t know that much about cruises

46. THE PASSENGERS AND MOTIVATION
FOR CRUISING
Pricing Patterns for Cruises:
 The price of cruises is based on basis two or double occupancy
 The higher the deck, the stateroom is on the higher the price
 Outside staterooms (has windows) are more expensive than interior
staterooms
 Larger staterooms are usually more epxensive
 Outside staterooms with obstructive that are obstructed are cheaper
compared to those with unobstructed views

47. THE PASSENGERS AND MOTIVATION
FOR CRUISING
Pricing Patterns for Cruises:
 Booking six to nine months or more in advance usually yields savings
 Last minute sales when a ship is not yet fully booked results in cheaper prices
 Repositioned cruises are almost always cheaper

48. THE PASSENGERS AND MOTIVATION
FOR CRUISING
Seasonality in Cruises
 Summer is high season
 Spring and Fall is shoulder seasons
 Winter is low season.

49. THE ANATOMY
OF A CRUISE
SHIP

51. STYLES OF SHIPS
The Classic Ocean Liner:
 Epitomize the golden age of cruising
 Most ships were built during the 1970’s
 Sleek, streamlined and built to cut their way through ocean waves

52. STYLES OF SHIPS
Contemporary Cruise Ship
 These are broader, boxier vessels built to accommodate uniformly sized staterooms
and numerous activity venues
 These are usually called “Megaships”
*Megaships are ships that can accommodate 2,000 or more passengers and have 12 or
more decks.

53. STYLE OF SHIPS
Voyager of the seas

54. STYLES OF SHIPS
Small Ships
 Accommodates less than 200 passengers.
 Emphasis is on an up closed more intimate experience
 These ships look like miniature cruise ships or oversized yachts

55. STYLES OF SHIPS
Masted Sailing Ships
 Have masts and sails and are partly or almost entirely powered by the wind
 Geared towards people who want to experience ships rooted in other times.

56. STYLE OF SHIPS
River Boats
 Also called the paddle wheeler
 Modeled after great steamboats of the 19th century.
 These ships permit passengers to experience America’s great rivers in the style
immortalized by the works of Mark Twain.

57. STYLE OF SHIPS

58. STYLE OF SHIPS
Barges
 A twelve-passenger sea craft
Ferries
Multi-Purpose Ships
 Carry Cargo, Transport Passengers between two points and serve as cruise ships

59. STYLE OF SHIPS
Barge
Ferry

60. OLD SHIPS VS. NEW SHIP
Older or “Classic” Boats Newer or “Modern” Ships
Uses wood, brass and other natural Synthetic materials are used
materials
Modest-sized public areas Large Public Areas
Can travel up to 30 knots Can travel at 20-25 knots
Hulls have deep drafts; therefore Hulls have shallow drafts; ports more
inaccessible and/or require tendering accessible
Many Different sized staterooms; More standardized stateroom size;
staterooms are relatively large some staterooms may be small

61. SIZING SHIPS
Ships are sized in the following ways:
 Based on the number of staterooms
 Based on the number of passengers it can accommodate. And;
 Based on the Gross Registered Tonnage (GRT)

62. SIZING SHIPS
Number of Pax GRT
Very Small Under 200 pax Under 10,000 GRT
Small 200-500 pax 10,000-20,000 GRT
MEdium 500-1,200 pax 20,000-50,000 GRT
Large 1,200-2,000 pax 50,000-70,000 GRT
Megaship More than 2,000 pax 70,000 GRT or more

63. SIZING SHIPS
Space Ratio
 The space or “elbow room” each person will have
 Computed through: Gross Registerred Tonnage
Number of Passengers
 The higher the Space Ratio, the higher the roominess of the ship.
 However, high space ratios are not critical to the enjoyment of a cruise experience.

64. SIZING SHIPS
Large Ships Small Ships
Can offer many facilities, activities Offers more intimate atmosphere
choices and options
Often more dramatic looking Can sail into smaller places
Able to serve a wider spectrum of Permit easier embarkation and
guest types debarkation
Can accommodate easily groups Makes it simple for the passengers to
get familiar with the ship and the other
passengers on board
Stable in water

65. SHIPS FACILITIES
 There are three types of Facilities:
 Stateroom space
 Private Space
 Public Space

66. SHIPS FACILITIES
 Stateroom Space
 The cabin
 The ships equivalent to the guest room in a hotel.
 Has three types:
 Outside Staterooms:
 Rooms that have windows.
 Ideal for clients who worry about feeling cramped
 Inside Staterooms:
 Inside the ships interior
 They usually have no windows
 The least expensive room on the ship

67. SHIPS FACILITIES
 Suites
 The most expensive accommodation facilities on a ship
 Some vessels have only a few suite rooms but some boast entire decks for it.
 The suite consists of a sitting area and sleeping area which is usually divided
by a curtain
 Ideal room for families

68. SHIPS FACILITIES
P & O Cruises’ Aurora Ship: Suite Stateroom

69. SHIPS FACILITIES
Royal Caribbean

70. SHIPS FACILITIES
 Private Space
 This includes the Bridge, the galley or kitchen and the mechanical areas.
 Mostly employees areas only.

71. SHIPS FACILITIES
 Public Areas
 Where the passengers/guests mingle

72. PUBLIC AREAS
Public areas include the following:
 The reception Area
 Where the pursuers area is located. (similar to a front desk or information desk)
 The dining room
 Where guests eat meals.
 There can be several main dining rooms in a hotel
 Alternate Dining Areas
 More informal dining settings
 Includes the Lido Deck (pool side), or al fresco (outside) dining.
 The Showroom
 Where entertainment events take place

73. PUBLIC AREAS
Royal Caribbean’s Mariner of the Seas Atrium/ Reception
Area

74. PUBLIC AREAS
Royal Caribbean’s Liberty of the Seas: Dining Room

75. PUBLIC AREAS
 The pool area
 Ships usually have several swimming pools
 The heath club
 Areas for exercise with gym equipment
 Some ships also have their own spas that are part of the health clubs
 The Children’s area
 The gift shops
 Medical Facilities
 Movie Theatre
 Photo Gallery

76. PUBLIC AREAS
Royal Caribbean’s Sovereign of the Seas:
Showroom
Royal Caribbean’s Explorer of the Seas: Solaris Pool