The document discusses markets, destinations, and factors related to tourism. It begins by defining markets as prospective travelers and customers at the point of origin. It then discusses different types of travelers like leisure and corporate travelers. It identifies various motivators and demotivators for leisure travel. The document also discusses different types of tourism and how to assess destinations based on factors like facilities, infrastructure, and attractions. It provides an overview of how to segment markets and match them to suitable destinations. Finally, it discusses world tourism geography, dividing the world into three regions and identifying the countries within each region.

1. Markets and
Destinations
Linking the Tourists to the Destinations
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2. Markets
• The prospective
travel consumer of a
travel component or
a tour package at
the point of origin.
• The prospective
customer.
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3. Corporate Travellers
• Corporate Travel:
– Sponsored travel for financial or economic
gain and for recreational purposes in both
the public and private sectors.
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4. Leisure Travel Motivators
• Physical Motivators
– Relate directly to health, wellness and
physical enjoyment.
– Includes physical rest, recreation and
relaxation and participation in a variety of
light sports activities.
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5. Leisure Travel Motivators
• Cultural Motivators
– Related to the desire to know more about
other peoples cultures and their way of life.
– Includes learning about a place’s
history, experiencing the food and
drink, admiring natural and man-made
places, listening to their music and a desire to
acquire native products.
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6. Leisure Travel Motivators
• Interpersonal Motivations
– Related to a desire to meet and make new
friends in other places, visit old friends,
childhood relatives and places.
– Linking the past and the present.
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7. Leisure Travel Motivators
• Status and Prestige Motivators
– Related to self fulfilment achieved through
travel.
– Includes social status achieved both at home
and in the places visited.
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8. Leisure Travel De-Motivators
• Cost of travel
• Lack of time
• Health
• Family stage
• Lack of interest
• Fear and safety
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9. Other factors that influence travel include:
– Age
– Gender
– Education
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10. Market Variables
• Dividing the market into distinct categories
based on their different needs, behavior
and characteristics.
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11. Psychographic variables
NEED MOTIVE ASPIRATION
Physiological Relaxation Escape from the every work environment.
Relaxation, relief from tension and stress
Safety Security A sense of well being, health and
recreation
Belonging Love Family Bonding, companionship social
interaction, personal and family ties
Esteem Achievement Prestige, social recognition, ego
enhancement, personal development
Self-actualization Knowledge of Self Exploration and evaluation of self, self
discovery, satisfaction of inner deeds
Learning Knowledge Cultural, educational and interest in other
areas
Aesthetics Appreciation for Environment, scenery, arts and sciences
Beauty
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12. Market Variables
• Socio Economic and Demographic
– Age, education, income, gender, occupation, p
rofession and civil status can determine scope
of activities that can be made available.
– Social class, race and religion can have
impacts on food, mores and dress codes
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13. Market Variables
• Product related variables
– Length of stay can aid in determining an
appropriate destination
– Expectations and experience preference of
travelers will also determine the contents and
activities that they will do in the destination.
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14. Market Variables
• Psychographic variables
– Personality traits and lifestyles should also be
considered when scouting for destinations
– Psychographic profile
• Allocentric- interest patterns that focus on various
activities. Characterized by adventure and
willingness to experiment. Outgoing and self
confident peolpe
• Psychocentric- confined to a more secured and
familiar surroundings and is less apt to go on for
new unfamiliar experiences.
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15. Market Variables
• Geographic variables
– A visitors home country, region of residence
and population density is examined.
– Helps determine suitable destinations as well.
• Eg. Urban residing tourists have higher levels of
expectations. Country folks are less demanding
and more tolerant to inconvenience.
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16. Different Types of Tourism
• Cultural Tourism
– Characterized by guided tours that include
tasting the local cuisine and the viewing of
and participating in folk dance performances.
• Religious Tourism
– Travel for spiritual renewal and to experience
and observe the religious practices of a
locality.
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17. Different Types of Tourism
• Adventure Tourism
– Challenging oneself in specialized skills
acquired. Involves a degree of training and
personal risk.
• Ecotourism
– Observing and living with exotic people or
native tribes.
– Visiting not easily accessible areas to view the
floral and fauna.
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18. Different Types of Tourism
• Culinary Tourism
– Eating and drinking holiday along with the
study of food production and processing and
participating in food and beverage activities in
a relaxed environment.
• Medical tourism
– Health holiday along with a provision of cost
effective private medical care in collaboration
with the tourism industry.
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19. Destinations
• A specific area that a traveler decides to
visit for the day or spend at least one
night.
• Travelers pick destinations according to
their interest and purpose of travel.
• A destination needs to have sufficient and
adequate facilities to meet the needs of
tourists
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20. Assessing Destinations
• Tourist Destination: geographic area with
adequate facilities that is visited because
of its attractions, activities or events
• Tourism Site: a component of a
destination centered on specific
sights, activities or events.
• Tourist Sight an attraction at a site known
for its exceptional beauty or its
uniqueness.
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21. Assessing Destinations
Match the market segmentation with the
following destination characteristics:
• Transportation
– the accessibility by air, sea or land in terms of
travel time, equipment, convenience and
safety.
– Also consider whether the mode of
transportation to sites and sites are public or
private
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22. Assessing Destinations
• Facilities
– Availability of lodging facilities, variety of food
and beverage outlets, support industries
should be considered
– Look at both high end or low end services
• Infrastructure
– Degree of development of basic infrastructure
may discourage would be visitors
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23. Assessing Destinations
• Attractions
– Ownership and permanency of the attraction and
its availabilty is a major consideration
• Hospitality Resources
– General public attitude towards visitors and
language facilities can enhance the desirability of
a destination.
– Service attitudes and quality of the service can
also play a major role in determining the
suitability of the destination.
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24. Matching destination to markets
• Establish first the market profile
– The budget traveler
• Female college student between 17-22 years old
• Prefers group travel, very strong cost considerations
• Sight seeing oriented
– The regular traveler
• Employed either in government or private sector between 23-30
years old.
• College graduate earning between 16,00php to 33,000 a month.
• May or may not travel in groups
• Still looking for the best value
• Site or activity oriented
• Prefers comfort but it is not essential
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25. Destination Evaluation
• Accessibility
– All transpiration to and from the origin
– Includes all support infrastructure
– Includes transfers as well
• Comfort, convenience, capacity and capability
– Comfortable facilities and improvement of basic
facilities
– Sometimes also deals with capacity to service
visitor needs
– Capability to service visitor needs
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26. Destination Evaluation
• Education and entertainment
– Tourist products should have an educational
value
• Service, safety and security
– Should meet the visitors expectations
– And includes the prevention of accidents and
the maintenance of peace and order.
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27. Maps and Map
Reading
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28. Maps
• The basic tools of the travel professional.
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29. Basic Terms
Physical Maps
– Rectangular flat map that features the natural
geophysical features of the earths land mass.
– Includes terrestrial elevations, plateaus valleys
rivers etc.
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30. Basic Terms
Political Maps
– Features the political boundaries of the
different countries of the world
Locator Maps
– Maps with grids with horizontal numbered
squares on top and lettered vertical squares
on the side of small geographical areas.
– Used to locate hotels, attractions etc.
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31. Basic Terms
Fathom
– Unit of measurement of sea depth. 1 fathom=
6 ft.
Globe
– Sphere that features either the geophysical
features of the earths land mass or the
political boundaries.
– The only true accurate map.
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32. World Tourism Geography
• The world was divided by the
International Air Transportation
Association (IATA) into three regions.
• Normally used for fare rules.
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35. Area I
• Collectively called “The Americas”
• Includes:
– North America
• Starts approx. 15 degrees north and expands
northward from the tropic of cancer.
• Includes the following countries:
– Canada
– USA
– Mexico
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36. Area I
• Collectively called “The Americas”
• Includes:
– Central America
• Starts from the Equator and Extends northward to
the tropic of cancer.
• Includes the following countries:
– Caribbean
– Bahamas
– Bermuda
– Panama
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37. Area I
• Collectively called “The Americas”
• Includes:
– South America
• Land Mass south of Panama, 8 degrees north of
the Equator.
• Collectively called Latin America
• Includes the following countries:
– Brazil
– Peru
– Argentina
– Eastern Islands
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38. Area II
• Europe Middle East and Africa
• Includes:
– Northern Europe
• Countries north of Continental Europe and offshore
islands
• Includes the following countries:
– United Kingdom and Ireland
– Scandinavian Countries (Norway, Sweden, Iceland
Finland)
– Benelux Countries (Belgium, Luxemburg and
Netherlands)
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39. Area II
• Europe Middle East and Africa
• Includes:
– Eastern Europe
• Nations that were formerly part of USSR
• Includes the following countries:
– Poland
– Hungary
– Baltic States (Estonia, Lativa and Lithuania)
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40. Area II
• Europe Middle East and Africa
• Includes:
– Central Europe
• Derived from the descendants of Germanic nations
and German speaking people
• Includes the following countries:
– Germany
– Switzerland
– Austria
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41. Area II
• Europe Middle East and Africa
• Includes:
– Southern Europe
• Northwestern end of the Mediterranean Sea
• Includes the following countries:
– Greece
– The Balkans
(Serbia, Bosnia, Coratia, Macedonia, Montenegro and
Yugoslavia, Albania, Bulgaria, Rumania)
– East of the Black Sea (Geogria, Armenia and Azerbaijan)
– Turkey
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42. Area II
• Europe Middle East and Africa
• Includes:
– Western Europe
• Consists of the Countries east of the North Atlantic
Ocean and north of the Mediterranean Sea,
• Includes the following countries:
– France
– Italy
– Spain
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43. Area II
• Europe Middle East and Africa
• Includes:
– Middle East
• Found in the Eastern end of the Mediterranean Sea.
• Made up of many Muslim states except for Israel.
• Includes the following countries:
– Kingdom of Saudi Ariabia
– Israel
– Jordan
– United Arab Emirates (Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Ras al Khaimah,
Umm al Qwain, Sharjah, Ajman and Fujirah)
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44. Area II
• Europe Middle East and Africa
• Includes:
– Africa
• Bound by the Mediterranean Sea to the North, South
Atlantic Ocean to the west and the Indian Ocean to the
East.
• Includes the following countries:
– Egypt
– Morocco
– Kenya
– South Africa
– Islands of Africa
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45. Area III
• Asia and Pacific (Oceania)
• Includes:
– Central Asia
• Huge region north of the Asian subcontinent.
• Formerly known as Turkestan.
• Old territories of USSR
• Includes the following states:
– Kazakhstan
– Uzbekistan
– Turkmenistan
– Kyrgystan and
– Tajikistan
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46. Area III
• Asia and Pacific (Oceania)
• Includes:
– South Asia
• Made up of Countries in the Indian Sub-Continent
• Includes the following places:
– India
– Pakistan and Afghanistan
– Bangladesh
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47. Area III
• Asia and Pacific (Oceania)
• Includes:
– Northeast Asia
• The northeastern corner of the Asian Continent.
• Faces the China Sea and Pacific Ocean
– China
– Japan
– Korea
– Hong Kong and Macau
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48. Area III
• Asia and Pacific (Oceania)
• Includes:
– South East Asia
• ASEAN Countries:
– Myanmar
– Thailand
– Vietnam
– Laos
– Cambodia
– Malaysia
– Singapore
– Indonesia
– Philippines
– Brunei
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49. Area III
• Asia and Pacific (Oceania)
• Includes:
– Oceania
• Comprises of the Australian Continent and the islands
in the southeastern rim of the South Pacific Ocean
– Australia
– New Zealand
– Oceania and South Pacific (Micronesia, Marianas, Masrhal
and Caroline Islands, Solomon and Ellice Islands, New
Herbides and New Caledonia- West of the International
Date Line)
– Polynesia (Line, Marquesa, Cook, Tubuam Gambier Islands
to the East of the International Dateline)
– Island Nations (Fiji, Nauru, Tonga and Western Samoa)
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