TRUTH, LIES AND O-RINGS: INSIDE THE SPACE SHUTTLE CHALLENGER DISASTER
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The document summarizes key events from two Space Shuttle disasters: the Challenger accident in 1986 and the Columbia accident in 2003. It provides details on evidence of joint leaks during pre-launch testing for Challenger and debris strikes during flight that were later determined to have caused damage to Columbia. It also discusses political and technical failures that contributed to the accidents as well as lessons that were learned but later forgotten.
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Nasa Space Shuttle Challenger disaster: Remembering the tragedy on its 30th a...
The Space Shuttle Challenger exploded 73 seconds after launch on January 28, 1986, killing its seven crew members. An investigation found that cold temperatures caused an O-ring seal in the right solid rocket booster to fail, allowing hot gases to escape and destroy the shuttle. The tragedy halted the US space shuttle program for over two years and was a national loss.
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This document discusses several mergers and acquisitions in the automotive industry and some of the challenges they faced. It summarizes the Daimler-Chrysler merger in 1998 that created the world's third largest automaker but struggled with cultural differences between the German and American companies. Specifically, it highlights issues around leadership styles, decision-making processes, and national cultures that hindered realizing synergies from the merger. The document stresses the importance of integrating company cultures, having a clear strategic goal, understanding customer demands and markets, as well as involving employees in change execution to help mergers succeed.
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Similar to TRUTH, LIES AND O-RINGS: INSIDE THE SPACE SHUTTLE CHALLENGER DISASTER
Gather information on the following two disasters Space shuttle Ch.pdf
Gather information on the following two disasters: Space shuttle \"Challenger\", Jan 1986.
Space shuttle \"Columbia\", Jan 2003. Describe (may still be speculative for Columbia) what
(materials & design as well as political/management factors) caused the disasters.
Solution
Cause of Space shuttle Challenger disaster, Jan 1986:
It was determined that the two rubber O-rings, which had been designed to separate the sections
of the rocket booster, had failed due to cold temperatures on the morning of the launch. This seal,
called an O-ring, on the shuttle\'s right solid rocket booster had failed at liftoff, allowing
pressurized hot gas to escape from inside the booster. This vaporized material impinged on the
strut connecting the solid rocket booster to the shuttle\'s huge orange external tank, causing both
pieces of hardware to break down.
About 72 seconds into Challenger\'s flight, there was a massive, almost explosive, burning of the
hydrogen that was streaming from the failed tank bottom, combined with liquid oxygen leaking
from a part of the fuel tank known as the intertank which eventually lead to the biggest disaster
in the history.
Cause of Space shuttle Columbia disaster, Jan 2003:
This space shuttle Columbia broke apart returning to earth killing all the seven crew members on
the board. An investigation determined that the disaster was caused by a problem that took place
shortly while a large piece of foam fell from the shuttle’s propellant tank and fatally damaged the
edge of the shuttle’s left wing.They lost temperature readings from sensors located on the left
wing. Then, tire pressure readings from the left side also vanished. It was later found that a hole
on the left wing allowed atmospheric gases to bleed into the shuttle as it went through its fiery
re-entry, leading to the loss of the sensors and eventually, Columbia itself.This Columbia disaster
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Challenger broke apart shortly after launch on January 28, 1986..
Case Study 1The Challenger Space Shuttle disasterand the.docx
Case Study 1
The Challenger Space Shuttle disaster
and the Solid-Fuel Rocket Booster
(SRB) project
Overview
On 28 January,1986 the Challenger space shuttle blew up 73 seconds after
launch. Seven lives and three billion dollars worth of equipment was lost.
The Challenger accident was the result of a faulty sealing system which
allowed exhaust flames from the Solid-Fuel Rocket Boosters (SRB) to vent
directly on the external tank, rupturing the tank and causing the explosion.
NASA identified the failure due to the improper sealing of the O- rings, the
giant black rubber loops that help seal the segments of the SRBs. The O-ring
is made of a fluoroelastomer, which seals the joint between two solid rocket
booster sections. An elastomer is a material that can be deformed
dramatically and recover its shape completely. A rubber band is an example
of an elastomer.
In almost half of the shuttle flights there was O- ring erosion in the booster
field joints. The launch took place in untested temperature conditions and in
spite of serious warnings on the part of the engineers of Thiokol, the
company that manufactured the SRBs. The sequence of events that led to
the unfortunate events is examined in order to draw the necessary
conclusions.
NASA was very anxious to proceed with the launch for a variety of reasons
including, economic considerations and political pressure. To justify its
budget NASA had scheduled a large number of missions in 1986. It was
vital for the Challenger to be launched so that there would be enough time to
refurbish the launch pad to prepare it for the next launch. The European
Space Agency was providing added competition and there was political
pressure for the Challenger to be in space when the president of the US gave
the State of the Union address.
There were plenty of advanced warnings regarding the SRBs, from previous
missions. Concerns had been voiced by Thiokol, the SRB manufacturing
company, as to whether the fatal launch should have taken place. The cold
weather, some of the coldest in Florida history, provided uncharted waters
for the operation of the SRBs.
What went wrong? Why did NASA launch in spite of the evidence and
warnings from Thiokol engineers? Should the launch have been cancelled?
Challenger space shuttle: A project success or a program
failure?
At first sight, the Challenger incident can only be regarded as a failure. Loss
of life and loss of equipment worth billions of dollars can only be associated
with bad news. The television pictures of the Challenger’s explosion made
their way round the world and were broadcast over and over as the leading
news story and will indelibly remain in people’s minds for many years to
come.
Before arriving at a verdict about the Challenger explosion, it is necessary to
examine the various events that led to NASA’s twenty-fifth shuttle mission,
which proved to be fatal for the Challenger. Is it possible that the SRB
project was a success, while the overall program was ...
ChallengerDisaster30YearsAgoShockedtheWorld,ChangedNA.docx
Challenger Disaster 30 Years Ago Shocked the World, Changed NASA
By Mike Wall January 28, 2016
https://www.space.com/31760-space-shuttle-challenger-disaster-30-years.html
Thirty years ago today, NASA suffered a spaceflight tragedy that stunned the world
and changed the agency forever.
On Jan. 28, 1986, the space shuttle Challenger exploded just 73 seconds after
blasting off from Florida's Kennedy Space Center, killing all seven astronauts on
board — including New Hampshire educator Christa McAuliffe, a civilian who had
been selected to fly via NASA's "Teacher in Space" program.
NASA astronauts had died on the job before — Apollo 1 crewmembers Ed White,
Gus Grissom and Roger Chaffee were lost when a fire broke out inside their
command module during a launchpad exercise on Jan. 27, 1967 — but the
Challenger disaster was something different altogether. [Remembering Challenger:
NASA's 1st Shuttle Tragedy (Photos)]
"The whole country and the whole world were in shock when that happened,
because that was the first time the United States had actually lost a space vehicle
with crew on board," said former NASA astronaut Leroy Chiao, who flew three space
shuttle missions during his career (in 1994, 1996 and 2000), and also served as
commander of the International Space Station from October 2004 through April
2005.
"It was even more shocking because Christa McAuliffe was not a professional
astronaut," Chiao told Space.com. "If you lose military people during a military
operation, it's sad and it's tragic, but they're professionals doing a job, and that's
kind of the way I look at professional astronauts. But you're taking someone who's
not a professional, and it happened to be that mission that got lost — it added to the
shock."
Click here for more Space.com videos...
NASA Remembers Challenger
https://www.space.com/31760-space-shuttle-challenger-disaster-30-
years.html?jwsource=cl
Changing the culture
On Jan. 28, 1986, NASA's space shuttle Challenger exploded after liftoff, killing seven
astronauts and shocking the world. Here's how the Challenger accident occurred.
(Image credit: by Karl Tate, Infographics artist)
Before Challenger launched on its ill-fated STS-51L mission, the space shuttle
program had completed 24 missions in a row, starting with the April 1981 liftoff of
the orbiter Columbia. That run of success bred a measure of complacency, Chiao
said.
"There was a 'launch fever' at the time, to try to get these missions off on time, and
get more missions going," he said. That type of thinking played a significant role in
the disaster, experts have concluded. Challenger was lost because a rubber "O-ring"
seal on the shuttle's right-hand solid rocket booster failed, allowing hot gas to
escape and damage the orbiter's external fuel tank, as well as the gear that attached
the booster to the tank.
The O-ring failed in part because unusually cold temperatures on launch day caused
t ...
Space Pub Quiz - Vis Viva - September 18, 2013
Space is serious business, but can be fun!
Vis Viva hosted a pub quiz as a change from our usual discussion rounds. These are the questions.
Would you have known the answers?
Some questions required media to play, they are:
Q6: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pcidu6ppcFg
Q8: How many coke cans do you need to be as a high as an Ariane 5 ECA?
Q11: What went wrong during the Apollo 12 launch, twice?
Q17: Which theme song is this?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pHp9oZPqs8E
Q20: Which character in Star Wars said "It's a trap?"
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The Space Shuttle Disasters
The document summarizes the story of Rodney Rocha, an engineer who warned NASA about potential damage to the Columbia space shuttle from foam insulation striking its wing during launch. Rocha and others requested clearer images of the impact and consideration of inspecting the wing, but NASA dismissed concerns, believing foam strikes could not be dangerous. Upon reentry, superheated gases entered a breach in the wing caused by the foam, leading to the destruction of Columbia and loss of the seven-member crew.
Colloquium given at NASA/JPL
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TIJ10 - Spacecraft Assignment - Mercury Atlas 6
This document summarizes the Mercury-Atlas 6 (MA-6) mission, which launched American astronaut John Glenn into orbit on February 20, 1962. The mission objectives were to launch an American into earth orbit, bring the astronaut and spacecraft back to earth, and study human survivability in space. Glenn completed three orbits before splashing down safely in the Atlantic Ocean after a flight time of 4 hours, 55 minutes and 23 seconds. Key events of the mission included launch, orbital operations, retrofire and reentry, parachute deployment, and recovery of Glenn and the capsule. This mission helped advance NASA's Mercury program and provided valuable data for future missions.
The Science of Comet ISON
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Bermuda triangle
These slides says about the fact of the BERMUDA TRIANGLE that what it is, where it is,why and the lost vessels etc
Simpkins patrick
Systems thinking and the connections between scientific advances over time have played a significant role in engineering progress according to the document. It describes how early innovations like lightning rods and weather observation were linked through systems thinking to later technologies like radar and atomic research. Examples show how refrigeration concepts led to developments in rocket engineering. The document argues that today's complex projects like NASA's Constellation program require considering the interrelationships between systems using the same type of holistic, connections-based thinking as a "truly universal degree".
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Menace From Outer Space
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Science and society
Three U.S. spaceflight tragedies are summarized:
1) In 1967, a fire during a test killed the three-person crew of Apollo 1 when a spark ignited the 100% oxygen environment.
2) In 1986, the Space Shuttle Challenger broke apart 73 seconds into flight, killing its seven-member crew.
3) In 2003, during re-entry, the Space Shuttle Columbia disintegrated, killing its seven astronauts - the second fatal accident after Challenger.
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The document summarizes the Challenger space shuttle disaster of 1986. It provides technical details about the shuttle components like the orbiter, external tank, and solid rocket boosters. The disaster was caused by the failure of O-rings sealing the joints of the external fuel tank due to unusually cold temperatures on the day of launch. This caused the fuel tank to collapse and explode 73 seconds after takeoff, killing all seven crew members. The disaster highlighted the importance of considering safety and engineering ethics when launching in dangerous conditions.
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- 1. TRUTH, LIES AND O-RINGS: INSIDE THE SPACE SHUTTLE CHALLENGER DISASTER Presented by : Allan J. McDonald Aerospace Consultant & Author ATK Thiokol (Retired) Former Director Space Shuttle SRM Project :
- 2. TWO LOST SPACE SHUTTLES STS-51L Challenger Launch: January 28, 1986 Time: 16:38 GMT STS-107 Columbia Launch: January 16, 2003 Time: 15:39 GMT
- 3. PRE-LAUNCH ICE ON PAD
- 4. FIRST EVIDENCE OF JOINT LEAK Leak at T + 0.678 Seconds LIFTOFF
- 5. JOINT LEAK REOPENS IN FLIGHT Joint Leak Restarts T + 59 Seconds Joint Plume Visible T + 60 Seconds MAXIMUM DYNAMIC PRESSURE AND WIND SHEAR
- 6. T PLUS 78 SECONDS: DEBRIS Orbiter Wing SSME Pod Crew Cabin Recovered RH SRB Aft Field Joint
- 9. COLUMBIA ACCIDENT & VERIFICATION February 1, 2003 Approx. 9:00 a.m. EST Columbia Debris During Re-entry Bi-Pod Ramp Foam Impact Test on RCC
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