Clear details of selective learning

1. Trial and error method/
Operant Conditioning

2. ●Also known as selective learning or
instrumental learning.
●In this type learning,animal learns after
several trials and errors.
●normally seen in higher vertebrates.
●This method is common among animals,
which are prone to make mistakes in
dealing with environmental and social
situations.

3. ●If the accidental behavioral
changes are beneficial to the organism
it is repeated again in future.
●If not beneficial,the behavior is not
repeated.

4. ●It has been termed operant
conditioning by skinner.
●The great psychologist BF
skinner,carried out his experiments
on rats and pegions.

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8. ●In this type learning,trail type motor
activities produce two types of
responses:
1)with positive results known as
*rewards*
2)with negative results known as
*punishments*

9. ●The positive outcome of a response
enhance the rate of future responses.
●Negative outcome lowers it's rate.
●Learning efficiency increases With the
repetition of trial activities.

10. ●In trial and error method,an animal learns two
things:
1)to discard Neagtive and neutral behaviours.
●Because,negative behaviour produce only
punishment,neutral behaviour produces neither
punishment nor reward.
2)To repeat positive behaviours.
●Because,positive behaviour always produces
reward only.

11. ●Trial and error learning is common
among human beings.
●It is by this practice that we learn in
childhood not to touch hot
stoves,how to write and type.

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