This document discusses triage, which is the process of sorting patients based on the urgency of their medical condition. It defines triage and outlines its objectives of identifying patients, prioritizing their needs, and directing them to the appropriate care provider. It describes different types of triage including simple, advanced, continuous integrated, and reverse triage. It also discusses under and over triage. The document outlines levels of triage from red to green based on the severity of the patient's condition. Finally, it discusses the role and characteristics of EMTs in effectively performing triage.

1. TRIAGE
Dr Nisar Ahmed Arain
Assistant Professor
Anesthetist/Critical care/ER

2. DEFINATION OF TRIAGE
-Triage is the term derived from French verb “Trier”
meaning to sort or to choose

3. -It is the process by which patients are
classified according to the
Type and Urgency
of their conditions to get the
Right patient to Right place
at the Right time with
Right care provider
TRIAGE

4. OBJECTIVES OF TRIAGE PROTOCOL
-1-Identifying the patient
-2-Identifying the priority of the patients
need for medical treatment and
transport from the emergency scene
-3-Track the patients progress through the
triage process
-4-Identify additional Hazards such as
contamination

5. TYPES OF TRIAGE
-1-Simple Triage
-2-Advanced Triage
-3-Continuous Integrated Triage
-4-Reverse Triage
-5-Under Triage or Over Triage

6. -1- SIMPLE TRIAGE
-It is usually used in a scene of an accident or
“Mass-Casualty Incident”
(MCI), in order to sort patients into those who need critical attention
and immediate transport to Hospital and those with less serious injuries

7. 2-ADVANCED TRIAGE
-In advanced triage, Doctors and specially trained nurses may
decide that some seriously injured people should not receive
advanced care because they are unlikely to survive, in order
to increase the chances for others with higher likelihood.

8. -3-CONTINUOUS INTEGRATED TRIAGE
-It is an approach to triage in mass casualty. It combines
three forms of triage with progressive specificity and
to identify those patients who are in greatest need
of care while balancing the needs of the individual
Patients against the available resources. Continuous
integrated Triage employs
a-Group triage
b-Individual triage
c-Hospital Triage

9. -4-REVERSE TRIAGE
-This process of Triage can applied to discharging patients early
when the Medical system is stressed
-During a “surge” in demand, such as immediately after a natural
disaster, many Hospital beds will be occupied by regular
noncritical patients.
-In order to accommodate a greater number of the new critical
patients, the existing patients may be Triaged, and those who
will not need immediate care can be discharged.
5-UNDER TRIAGE
-It is the underestimating the severity of an illness or
an injury. An example of this would be categorizing as
a-Priority-1 (Immediate)
b-Priority-2 (Delayed)
c-Priority-3 (Minimal)

10. -It is overestimating of the severity of the illness or injury
An example this would be categorizing as.
-1-Priority-1 (Minimal)
-2-Priority-2 (Delayed)
-3-Priority-3 (Minimal)
6-OVER TRIAGE

11. LEVELS OF TRIAGE
-1- RED (Resuscitation) Threat to LIFE
-1-Time of Assessment immediately
Characteristics
-Obstructed airway
-SpO2 < 80
-Respiratory Rate >35 OR < 3
-Heart Rate > 130
-BP sys < 80
-GCS < 8

12. EXAMPLE
-1-Cardiac and Respiratory arrest
-2-Major Trauma
-3-Active Seizure
-4-Shock
-5-Status Asthmaticus

13. GLASGOW COMA SCALE

14. -2-ORANGE (Emergent)-Potential threat to life
-Characteristics
-1-Threatened airway
-2-SpO2 : 80 – 89
-3-RR : 31 – 35
-4-HR : > 40
-BPsys : 80 – 89
-GCS : 9 – 12
-Tp : > 40 , < 32
-EXAMPLE
-Decreased level of consciousness
-Severe Respiratory distress
-Chest Pain with Cardiac suspicion
-Severe Abdominal pain
-G.I Bleeding with Abnormal vital signs
-Chemical exposure to eye

15. -3-YELLOW (less urgent)- Condition with significant distress
-Characteristics
-1-SpO2 : 90 – 94
-2-RR : 26 – 30
-3-HR : 111 – 120 AND 40 – 49
-4-GCS : 14
-Tp : 38.1 - 40 and 32 - 34
-EXAMPLE
-1-Head injury without decrease of LOC but with
vomiting
-2-Mild to Moderate Respiratory distress
-3-G.I. Bleeding Not actively bleed
-4-Acute Psychosis
-5-Chest Pain

16. -4-GREEN (Not Urgent)
-1-Condition can be delayed, no distress
-2- like minor trauma, depression with
no suicidal attempts
-3-Sore throat with Temp. < 39

17. LEVELS OF TRIAGE

19. -CHARACTERISTICS OF EMT IN TRIAGE
-Extensive knowledge to emergency medical treatment
-Adequate training and competent skills, Language, Terminology
-Ability to use the critical thinking process
-Good thinking maker
ROLE OF EMT IN TRIAGE
-1-Identifying the casualties
-2-Maintain privacy and confidentiality
-3-Visualize all incoming patients even while
interviewing others
-4-Maintain good communication between
Triage and treatment area
-5--Maintain good communication with waiting area
-6-Use all resources to maintain high standard of care
-7-Teaching------- use of thermometer, First aid ???
but avoid lecturing