TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM OF DISTRICT SWABI (1).pdf REPORT ON EXISTING TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM OF DISTRICT SWABI HOW IT CAN BE IMPROVED AND WHICH NEW TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM IS REQUIRED TO OVERCOME THE DESIRED NEED OF THAT DISTRICT

1. 2020
Written By : HAMMAD ZAIB
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM OF DISTRICT
SWABI
12/25/2020
SEMESTER PROJECT

2. GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT ABOUT AUTHOR
PROJECT
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM OF DISTRICT SWABI
Written By
HAMMAD ZAIB
Edit by
HAMMAD ZAIB
Institute
GHULAM ISHAQ KHAN
Reg No
U2018553
FACULTY
CIVIL
TITLE
PROJECT
PROJECT NAME
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
SUBMITTED TO
DR. SHIRAZ
date of submission
25/12/2020

3. TABLE OF CONTENT
Statement of the problem………………………………………………………………………………………….….…..01
Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……01
Key words……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…01
Abreviation In the text……………………………………………………………………………………………….…......02
Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……...02
General information about mode of transportation…………………………………………………….….….03
SECTION 1………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…04
Existing situation of transport in distract swabi…………………………………………………………….…..04
Mode of transportation in distract swabi…………………………………………………………………….……...05
General overview of distract swabi………………………………………………………………………………….....07
SECTION 2………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…10
Level of accessibility…………………………………………………………………………………………………………...12
Travel time………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….13
Capacity……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………....14
Operation…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….14
Environmental impact…………………………………………………………………………………………………………15
SECTION 3……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………17
How existing transportation system of distract swabi can be improved……………………………...18
Benefits of public transport…………………………………………………………………………………………………..18
Introducing of traffic signals…………………………………………………………………………………………………18
Recommendation for new transport system for distract swabi…………………………………………….19
SECTION 4………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………20
Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………21
References……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...2

4. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
To discuss the existing situation of transportation of district swabi , how the existing transport system
can be improved and further which new transport system is required to meet the need of district swabi .
Base on this statement there are three basic need if this project.
. Transport Existing situation at distract swabi
. How they can be improved
. recommendation for need of new transport system to meet the desire need
ABSTRACT
Transportation system is very important for the development of any country the econmoic
growth of the country depend on the transportation system .This study is aimed to do the
research on the transportation system of district swabi and how they can be improved .several
literature study is carried out to find some useful result using various links on wikipedia
,through face to face interaction by questionnaires and from previous repots..After studying
all these ie literature ,previous reports etc I noticed that the transportation systemof district
swabi does not meet with the required needs .
KEY WORDS
Transportation system , travel time ,environmental impact ,level of accessibility etc
ABBREVIATIN IN THE TEXT
ADT Average daily traffic
ML Main line
Trans Transportation
TMS Transportation management system
TSI Transportation safety institute
Co2 carbon dioxide
O2 oxygen
CFC Chlorofluorocarbon
INTRODUCTION
Transport is the efficient moment of people and goods from one place to another place. Efficient
transport play a vital role in the economic growth of the country or in another words if we can

5. say that the economic growth of the country depend on the efficient moment of people and goods
across the country so it can be wrong.
MODE OF TRANSPORT
Transportation divided into three modes this may include
LAND
WATER
& AIR.
LAND TRANSPORT
The Land Transport consists of railway lines and roads
WATER TRANSPORT
The water transportation system is divided into two types:
. RIVER OR INLAND TRANSPORT
. SEA OR OCEANIC TRANSPORT.
AIR TRANSPORT
It is an expansive mode of transportation in that mode of transportation the passenger is
transported from one place to another place by air using aeroplanes.
CH.01
EXISTING TRANSPORT SITUATION OF DISTRICT SWABI
MEANS OF TRANSPORT IN DISTRICT SWABI
Þ ROADS
Þ PIPELINES
Unfortunately the existing Situation of distract swabi in the field of transport is not so good due
to lack of government interest in that region of Pakistan .That is way swabi has only two mode of
transportation that is roads and pipelines but honestly says that, that’s mode of transportation is
not so develop as it should be although SWABI has a lot of business opportunity because in
SWABI GANDAF is an industrial area where hundreds of industries exist but due a lot of taxies
and such poor infrastructure of transportation most of industries is know close .
As SWABI has only two mode of transportation as discuss above so here we can explain that’s
mode of transportation.
Transportation by roads

6. IMPORTANCE OF ROADS
. Roads are suitable for short distance travels and traffic movement.
. Construction and maintenance of roads are cheap and easy..Loading and unloading of goods in trucks
involves less amount of money.
. For transport perishable commodities, roads provide better services rather than railways
Main transport infrastructure in District SWABI is provided by several road links to various
highways including the Motorway (M-1), the Grand Trunk Road (N-5), the Karakoram Highway
(N-35) and many provincial highways, enabling rail, road and air connections (through Bacha
Khan International Airport, Peshawar served by all Pakistani airlines, and till recently some
foreign airlines to all Pakistani cities as some gulf countries But SWABI itself has no airport.
EXISTING TRANSPORT SITUATION OF DISTRACT SWABI
Road that is used for inter district Transportation :
The main transport infrastructure in District SWABI that is used for inter distract transportation
is provided by several road links to various highways including the Motorway (M-1), the Grand
Trunk Road (N-5), the Karakoram Highway (N-35) and many provincial highways, enabling rail,
road and air connections (through BACHA Khan International Airport, Peshawar served by all
Pakistani airlines, and till recently some foreign airlines to all Pakistani cities as some gulf
countries. SWABI itself has no airport.
Roads That Is Used For Intra Distract Transportation:
Here we discuss the existing situation of some roads that is widely used for Intra Transportation
in district SWABI
. JEHANGIRA to SWABI road
. SAWABI to TOPI road
. CHOTTA LAHORE to YAQUBE road
. TOPI to GUNDUF Road :
. TOPI to TURBELA Road
According to the survey done in 2009 the projected vehicle in distract SWABI in 2020 is about
approximately 24326 vehicle are register in distract SWABI where as about 26030 are
reported to be On-Road. Evidently, the total vehicles plying in the district are more
than registered here. Two types of vehicles i.e., Motor Cycles / Scooters and Motor
Cab Rickshaws are strikingly on higher side while remaining are lesser in number,
as seen in the following table.

7. .In the below table the type ,% and numbers of vehicle is shown.
TYPE OF
VEHICLE
REGISTERED VEHICLE VEHICLE ON ROAD
Number % age number % age
Motor
Cycle/Scooter
s
16986 70 19368 74
Motor
Cars/Jeeps/Ta
xi
2780 11 2596 10
Buses/Mini
Buses 218 1 360 1
Motor Cabs
Rickshaws 2588 11 2572 1
Public Carrier
Trucks 410 2 272 1
Other Vehicles
(Tractors,
Private
Trucks,
Dumpers,
1334 5 862 3
The projected vehicles in District Swabi in 2031, based on average annual growth rate of
3.5 % for last 10 years are respectively estimated at 18,379 and 25,926 total vehicles, as seen in
the
TRAFFIC VOLUME
In order supplement to above described traffic data and to have firsthand data on traffic volume
and nature, fresh traffic counts - Manual Classified Counts (MCC) have been conducted by the
Consultants, on primary roads of District Swabi at entry and exit points, along with OD survey to

8. have an up-to-date scenario. Following tables and figure present existing traffic volume and
nature on primary roads in District Swabi:
Sr number Description mardan road Ghazi road `nowshera
road
total
1 incoming 5272 1386 5213 11871
2 Outgoing 4957 1979 5531 12467
total 10229 3365 10744 24338
The traffic density on primary roads of district SWABI is fairly within limits as per lane traffic carrying
capacities defined in National Reference Manual on Road and Infrastructures. However, traffic density
increases on the primary roads when these entre into urban limits as local/ intra city traffic gets mixed.
The table below presents the mix of almost all motorized modes of transport, on all the primary
highways. Detailed statistics are presented in the District Studies Report, SWABI Following are the main
inferences:
1.Total Traffic volume on the three primary roads of District SWABI (in-coming plus out-going) is 24,338
vehicles, of which maximum volume is on NOWSHERA Road (about 44% of total flow, both ways), closely
followed by MARDAN Road (42%), and Ghazi Road (about 14%). The vehicles include all modes of traffic
including motor Cycles/ Scooter, Car/Jeep, Wagons/Mini Buses, Buses, pickups, trucks, and tractor
trolleys.
2. In terms of modal split, 32% of the total traffic volume (on all four primary roads, both ways)
comprises of motor cycles/scooters, followed by cars/jeeps (30%), wagons/mini buses (15%) and around
9% pick-up trucks. Other modes are relatively much less.
3. Of the total cars/jeeps, about 48% ply on MARDAN Road, 37% on NOWSHERA Road, and 15% on Ghazi
Road
4. Among the motor cycles/scooters, about 55% ply on NOWSHERA Road, 33% on MARDAN Road, and
15% on Ghazi Road.
S no Vehicle type direction Mardan
road
Ghazi
Road
Nowshera
Road
Total
vehicle
1
Motor cycle
In-coming 1597 380 2089 4066
Out-going 968 559 2259 3786
total 2565 939 4348 7852
% 32.67 11.96 55.37 100
2
Car, jeep
In-coming 2130 467 1214 3811
Out-going 1366 594 1447 3407
total 3496 1061 2661 7218
% 48.43 14.70 36.87 100
3
Weagon and mini
buses
In-coming 571 857 241 1609
Out-going 912 666 356 1934
total 1483 1523 597 3603
% 41.16 42.27 16.57 100
4
Pick up
In-coming 602 488 153 943
Out-going 302 535 218 1320

9. total 965 1025 271 2263
% 42.73 45.29 11.98 100
5
Tractor tally
In-coming 236 215 51 502
Out-going 138 260 90 488
total 347 475 141 990
% 38 48 14 100
6
Truck
in-coming 176 9 213 398
Out-going 403 9 238 650
total 579 181.72 451 1048
% 55.25 47.03 100
7
Large buses
In-coming 114 78 12 20.4
Out-going 109 247 13 36.9
total 223 325 25 57.3
% 38.92 56.72 4.36 100
LEVEL OF SURFACE
To determine level of service against traffic carrying capacity of primary roads in District SWABI,
maximum traffic flows during peak hours have been converted into equivalent passenger car
units (PCUs), so that level of service of the roads can be determined, as would be seen in next
paragraph. Maximum traffic flows during peak hour, in terms of number of vehicles as well as
PCUs is detailed in following Table. Of the total traffic volume in peak
Primary
Road
Operation
hr
Total PCUs lane PCU/lane Level of
traffic flow
Ghazi 9-10 AM 587 2 A Free flow
Mardan 9 -10 AM 2272 2 C Stable flow
nowshera 8-9 AM 2997 4 B Reasonable
flow
Origin-Destination Survey
Traffic Origin-Destination Survey was conducted in January 2013 on primary roads of District
SWABI, at boundaries and entry/ exit points. The survey was single day based and covered
mainly peak hours of traffic flow
Following are the main inferences of O-D survey:
i. A total of 322 vehicles were interviewed of which 39% were cars/jeeps, followed by
19% wagons/mini buses, 17% pick-ups, about 6% large buses, 14% trucks of different
categories and about 5% tractor trolley
ii. Most of the vehicles interviewed for origin/destination were on NOWSHERA Road
(47%), followed by 32% on MARDAN Road, 21% on Ghazi Road.
iii. Of those who originated from SWABI, about 41% were destined for NOWSHERA,,
around 22% for MARDAN, about 15% for FATA, and 14% for Punjab/Islamabad.

10. iv. Of those whose destination was SWABI, 34% were coming from NOWSHERA, about
29% from MARDAN, and about 17% from FATA and other areas of KP .The detail is
given in the above tables.
2. PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION
Pipeline transport is the long-distance transportation of a liquid or gas through a system of
pipes—a pipeline—typically to a market area for consumption. The latest data from 2014
gives a total of slightly less than 2,175,000 miles (3,500,000 km) of pipeline in 120 countries
of the world .
Pipeline transportation of distract swabi
The pipeline transportation in distract SWABI is not use on large scale .In some village of distract
SWABI the GAS which is used in home for cooking and in CNG station as vehicle fuel ETC is
transported by pipeline transportation system.
GENERAL OVERVIEW ABOUT DISTRACT SWABI
Population and its distribution
According to the 2017 Census of Pakistan, the city of SWABI had 123,412 inhabitants,
making it the eighth-largest city in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. These inhabitants were spread
out among 16,212 households, making the average household size in SWABI
7.61. [1]
SWABI experienced quick growth throughout the latter half of the twentieth century,
as the population of SWABI grew nearly fivefold in just 40 years. The city's growth has,
though, over time, slowed down, and between the years of 1998 and 2017, its population
only grew at a rate of 2.29% every year
Census Year Population Rural Area Urban Area
1951 272,279 272,279 None
1961 332,543 307,862 24,681
1972 507,631 440,213 67,418
1981 625,035 566,734 58,301
1998 1,026,804 847,590 179,214
2017 1,624,616 N/A N/A
..
As the population of district SWABI increases with highest rate so we may develop our
transportation system and its infrastructure with time to overcome our need .

11. …dark blue colour indicates most populated area
…pink colour indicates moderate populated area
CIMATE
SWABI has hot and humid summers and cold winters. High temperatures are recorded during the
months of June and July, while the coldest months are December and January. Some areas like
MAHABAN is situated at an altitude of 7000 feet above sea level and have pleasant weather
during summers. Generally, four seasons prevail in the area, which may climatologically be
divided as1:
1 The categorization is based on comments sent to PMU by Meteorological Department,
Peshawar
· Winter: December-March
· Pre-monsoon: April-June
· Monsoon: July-September
· Post-monsoon: October-November
Swabi's climate is classified as warm and temperate. In winter, there is much less rainfall
as compared to summer. Köppen and Geiger classify this location as Cwa. The annual
average temperature is 22.2 °C in Swabi. About 639 mm of precipitation falls annually. The
least amount of rainfall occurs in November with average of 12 mm. While August is the
most precipitative month of the year having 137 mm precipitation falls. The highest

12. average temperature is recorded in June, which is around 32.9 °C. January has the lowest
average temperature of 10.2 oC. Annually variation in the precipitation between the driest
and wettest months is 125 mm. During the year, the average temperatures vary by 22.7 °C.
The mean relative humidity ranges from 44.5 to 75 percent during the year. The surface
wind speed varies during the year from 1.7 to 7.6 knots, with variation in direction.
Mo
n-
ths
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Ann
ual
Mea
n
Max
Te
mp
(Co)
17.
7
19.
4
24.
4
30.
1
36.
1
41 38 36 35 31.
7
25.
5
19.
7
30
Mea
n
Min
Te
mp
(Co)
2.8 6 10.
6
15.
3
20 24.
9
25.
7
24.
8
21.
9
15.
1
8.3 3.8 15
Mea
n
Te
mp
10.
2
12.
7
17.
5
22.
7
28 32.
9
31.
8
30.
4
28.
4
23.
4
16.
9
11.
7
22
(Co)
Mea
n
Rai
n
Fall
(M
m)
55 58 69 47 23 25 110 137 58 14 12 31 53

13. Mea
n
R/H
%
70 68.
5
63.
5
55 44.
5
46 59.
5
67 65 65.
5
71 75 63
Mea
n
Win
d
Spe
ed
(Kn
ots)
2.9 4.4 4.1 5.2 5.4 7 7.6 6.3 4.7 2.5 1.7 1.9 4
DISTRACT SWABI GEOGRAPHY
District Swabi constitute about 60% of Quaternary Alluvium these are unconsolidated deposit of
gravel, sand, silt and clay. The remaining 40% of District in constitute of TANAWAL and
MANGALUR formation undivided, KARORA complex and GANDUF formation undivided,
LANDIKOTAL slates and MANKI formation undivided and BESHAM and KOTLA complexes
undivided from the Precambrian Era and from the Paleozoic Era it has SHEWA, AMBELA and
WARSAK Complexes undivided, Swat and MANSHERA granite complexes undivided and Paleozoic
Rocks undivided.
CH 02
2. A. LEVEL OF ACCESSABILITY
As most of the part of district SWABI located in rural area so here we divide the transportation
system in two parts public and private . Public transport can be use by almost 70 % people of
district SWABI but this transport facility is not available after almost 8 pm due to which people
face several problem and private transport which is not effort by every person but the people
which effort their personal transport can be available at every time to be use which is almost use
by 30 % of people of district SWABI
2.B..TRAVEL TIME
Travel time indicate that how efficient the transportation system of particular city or region .if
the travel time is less than the moment of people and transportation of goods from one place to
another can be beneficiary because its save time and money .But unfortunately the travel time of
SWABI is increases day by day due to lack of infrastructure and inefficient transportation time .
SWABI has only one mode of transportation that is by road the main road of SWABI that passes
across the entire SWABI region in some places its single track which increase the travel time

14. because of high volume of traffic and in that places the vehicle from both sides use single road so
there is speed limit that ranges from 20 to 30 km/hr and in some places should be not more then
5 to 10 km/HR if you go beyond from that speed then there will be high chance of accident which
increase travel time and cost which could be not beneficiary for the economic growth of SWABI
and it should directly affect the economic growth of PAKISTAN so there is need to take some
serious step to overcome this problem.
Single road
THE PICTURE INDICATE THE TRAFFIC IN SWABI

15. 2. C .CAPACITY
To determine traffic carrying capacity of different vehicles they can be divided
into different types .capacity of transport system is dependent on the size and
type of transport.
Transportation provide type in district swabi :
Transportation provide type can be divided in district SWABI into contact carrier
and common carrier the contractual carrier which work on contractual base can
be used by small group of people mean 20 to 30 % of people of district SWABI for
different purpose for example for schools ,office etc .
The common carrier can be used by large % of people more than 70% of people
of district SWABI .
Most commonly the contact carrier can charge on monthly basis and the common
carrier which is mostly used by public can charge on the spot .
Here we can discuss the different part pears in inter city and intra city in the
following table.
Type of vehicle used :
. Rishka
. flying coach
. bus
THE BELOW TABLE SHOW THE PEAR/RENT OF DISTRACT SAWBI
Region Type of vehicle distance Pears/rent Time
Tordher to
jehangira
Reshka 10 km 20 Ruppees 20min
Flying coach 10km 20 Ruppees 10min

16. Bus 10 km 10 Ruppees 12min
Topi to
swabi
Reshka 15 km 25 Ruppees 30 min
Flying coach 15km 25 Ruppees 20 min
Bus 15km 25Ruppees 25min
Swabi to
jehangira
Reshka 52 km 70 Ruppees 55min
Flying coach 52 km 60 Ruppees 40min
Bus 52km 50 Ruppees 35min
Topi to
tordher
Reshka 67 km 95 Ruppees 95min
Flying coach 67 km 85Ruppees 60min
Bus 67 km 75 Ruppees 60min
A BUS WHICH IS BIG IN SIZE AS SHOWN SO IT HAS HIGH CARRYING CAPACITY
A RESHKA WHICH IS SMALL IN SIZE INDICATE THAT IT HAS SMALL CAPACITY FOR
PASSENGER

17. 3.D.OPERATION
Transport operation. is the movement of a single type of goods from one place of origin, where
the goods are loaded, to a destination, where they are unloaded .The efficient transport operation
can play vital role in the economic growth of any district
TRANSPORT OPERATION IN DISTRACT SWABI :
Unfortunately the Transport operations of district SWABI does not meet the required standard
due to lack of infrastructure and government interest .Due to lack of infrastructure one type of
goods can be loaded and unloaded two to three time in the way of there destination because some
infrastructure cannot bear such heavy vehicles due to which it can be firstly unloaded and then
loaded in small number of vehicle to transport it to there destination due to which increase cast
and also it is time consuming which is not good.
A vehicle transporting goods
3 .E. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
. The environmental impact of SWABI transport is significant because transport is a major user of
energy, and burns most of the world's petroleum. This creates air pollution, including nitrous

18. oxides and particulates, and is a significant contributor to global warming through emission
of carbon dioxide .Environmental regulations in developed countries have reduced the individual
vehicle's emission. However, this has been offset by an increase in the number of vehicles, and
increased use of each vehicle (an effect known as the Jevons paradox).[1] Some pathways to
reduce the carbon emissions of road vehicles have been considerably studied.[3] Energy use and
emissions vary largely between modes, causing environmentalists to call for a transition from air
and road to rail and human-powered transport, and increase transport
electrification and energy efficiency.
The transportation sector is a major source of greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) in the United
States. An estimated 30 percent of national GHGs are directly attributable to transportation—
and in some regions, the proportion is even higher. Transportation methods are the greatest
contributing source of GHGs in the U.S., accounting for 47 percent of the net increase in total U.S.
emissions since 1990.[4]
Other environmental impacts of transport systems include traffic congestion and automobile-
oriented urban sprawl, which can consume natural habitat and agricultural lands. By reducing
transportation emissions globally, it is predicted that there will be significant positive effects on
Earth's air quality, acid rain, smog and climate change.[5]
The health impact of transport emissions is also of concern. A recent survey of the studies on the
effect of traffic emissions on pregnancy outcomes has linked exposure to emissions to adverse
effects on gestational duration and possibly also intrauterine growth .
.Impact of different type of vehicle on Environment
Cycling
Cycling has a low carbon-emission and low environmental impact. A recent European study found
that daily mobility-related CO2 emissions were 3.2 kgCO2 per person, with car travel
contributing 70% and cycling 1% (including the entire lifecycle of vehicles and fuels). Cyclists
had 84% lower lifecycle CO2 emissions from all daily travel than non-cyclists. Motorists who
shifted travel modes from car to using a bike as the ‘main method of travel’ had 7.1 kgCO2/day
lower CO2 emissions.
Environmental impact of cars
Unleaded gasoline has 8.91 kg and diesel has 10.15 kg of CO2 per gallon.[16] CO2 emissions
originating from ethanol are disregarded by international agreements however so gasoline
containing 10 % ethanol would only be considered to produce 8.02 kg of CO2 per gallon.[17] The
average fuel economy for new light-duty vehicles sold in the US of the 2017 model year was about
24.9 MPG giving around 0.36 kg of CO2 per mile. The Department of Transportation's MOBILE
6.2 model, used by regional governments to model air quality, uses a fleet average (all cars, old
and new) of 20.3 mpg giving around 0.44 kg of CO2 per mile.[19]
In Europe, the European Commission enforced that from 2015 all new cars registered shall not
emit more than an average of 0.130 kg of CO2 per KM (kg CO2/km). The target is that by 2021 the
average emissions for all new cars is 0.095 kg of CO2 per KM.
Buses

19. On average, inner city commuting buses emit 0.3 kg of CO
2 per passenger mile (0.18 kg/km per passenger), and long distance (>20 mi, >32 km) bus trips
emit 0.08 kg of CO2 per passenger mile (0.05 kg/km per passenger).[21] Road and transportation
conditions vary, so some carbon calculations add 10% to the total distance of the trip to account
for potential traffic jams, detours, and pit-stops that may arise.
From the above discussion it is clear that ,our transportation system is serious threat to our
environment and also the population of district SWABI is increases day .03by day which is
directly affect our transportation system so there is need to take some serious steps to overcome
this problem . So here is some recommendation to overcome this problem.
. use public transport
. Use environmental friendly transport such bicycle for short distance
. Use transport system which runs on battery not on fuel ,As on the spot it is not available but it
can be available soon.
CH .03
CH.03.A
HOW EXISTING TRANSPORT SYSTEM CAN BE IMPROVED:
As in SWABI there is alot of transporting issue which are discuss above but if summerize that
problems in short then this could be
.lack of infrastructure
.High travel time
.environmental impact
.improper design

20. It is very difficult to resolve the issues of existing transportation system of district SWABI because
of such problems however it can be improved by taking some serious steps in my point of view
these steps are
Use of public transport
By Using transport a lot of problems related to Traffic can be resolve and also it have some
benefits as well.
Reduced traffic congestion:
By using public transport the problem that is arise due to traffic congestion can be resolve up to
some extent because in public transport system the vehicle that is used is quite large and it have
high carrying capacity of passenger instead if every passenger use there own vehicle then it will
be very difficult to overcome this issue so by providing some attraction for people to use public
transport we may apply some technique such as
. Optimizing stop design by Reducing the number of stops.
. Reduse traffic congection by providing dedicated line for public transport.
. Give public transport priority at traffic signals.
. Speed of vehicle boadrding.
. Reduce the number of stop so traffic congection can be avoided.
. Introduce path for public and bicycle system.
. By introducing efficient parking management
Environmental impact:
by using public transport instead of private vehicles the impact of transport s vehicle on our
environment can be reduce.
BENEFITS OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT:
 It benefits communities financially: ...
 Public transportation reduces air pollution: ...
 Increased fuel efficiency: ...
 Saves money: ...
 Increases mobility: ...
 Frees up time: ...
 Public transportation is safe
WIDENING OF INTRA CITY ROADS

21. As to overcome the problems of transportation in district SWABI as discuss above, the existing
roads of SWABI need to be widened where needed .the existing roads of SWABI is single lines
roads its mean that at a time two cars can be travel or passes on either sides of the line due to
which in some places due to high volume of traffic ,traffic jam problem can be arises so if these
roads are converted from sing to double or triple line then this well help to decrease the traffic
jam issue .
INTRODUCING OF TRAFFIC SIGNALS
This is very shameful to say that in whole distract SWABI apart from two to three points there is
no traffic signals system so if we introduce traffic signals at appropriate points and also
introduce traffic police where needed then this will be very useful.
CH.3.b
RECOMMENDATION FOR NEW TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM :
As the population of distract increases day by day . According to the 2017 Census of Pakistan, the
city of SWABI had 123,412 inhabitants, making it the eighth-largest city in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
These inhabitants were spread out among 16,212 households, making the average household
size in SWABI .SWABI experienced quick growth throughout the latter half of the twentieth
century, as the population of SWABI grew nearly fivefold in just 40 years. The city's growth has,
though, over time, slowed down, and between the years of 1998 and 2017, its population only
grew at a rate of 2.29% every year.
So therefore new transportation system may required to overcome the current traffic situation
and that will help in the future as well .As a civil engineering student there will be some
recommendation in my view and if should implement then this will help distract SWABI not only
in the field of transportation but it could also help in the business sector which is directly linked
with job creation opportunity and thus the life quality of distract SWABI people will improve
.Following are the some new transportation system recommendation.
BY INTRODUCING RAILWAY LINE
As railway system has a lot of carrying capacity of passenger and also it have a lot of capacity to
transport goods from one place to another place at relative low cost. Unfortunately SWABI has no
railway transport system although in distract SWABI GANDUF is an industrial area for which
relative good transportation system is required to overcome the cost of goods which is increase
due to poor network of road at distract SWABI so if we introduce railway track in distract SWABI
it will help in transportation of passenger and goods as a result the traffic on the road and the
cost of the goods can be significantly Reduce.

22. By looking in the above map it is clearly indicate that if we introduce the railway network in
district SWABI and link that railway line with MARDAN and NOWSHERA railway line track then
this will be very beneficial for the economic growth of SWABI and also the traffic problems can be
resolve.
BY INTRODUCING DOUBLE TRACK ROAD IN DISTRACT SWABI WHERE NEEDED :
Road can play a vital in the economic growth of any distract but due lack of government interest
in that distract of Pakistan SWABI has a lot of issue regarding to road network even the main
road of SWABI which passes through the entire distract SWABI is not double track through out
due to which a lot of traffic jam issue and accident can arise day by day so by introducing another
track the vehicle from either side can use there own track this problem can be resolve up to some
extent .
Locations where the main road of SWABI is single track :
Those location where the main road of SWABI is single track and to overcome the desire needs of
distract SWABI in the field of transportation one more track can be introduce so the vehicle from
both sides can use there own track instead of single track .These location are :
.TORDHER to CHOTTA Lahore road is single track
.SWABI to TOPI road is single track
.CHOTTA Lahore to YRA HUSSAIN VILLAGE road is single track
.TOPI to GANDUF road is single track up to some extent and need to be repair as well.
.SWABI to ISOTA village road is single track
CONCLUSION

23. From the above discussion it is clear that that SWABI has very poor transportation system due to
such bad infrastructure of roads in that distract so to resolve such issue the above
recommendation that how the existing transport system can be improved and which new
transport system should Required in distract SWABI must be implemented to meet the desire
needs of distract SWABI in the field of transportation.
REFERENCES
SECTION-1 & introduction
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/1S-G2tzuHvezXGq9WuxAvJjBOh0U4v7wCG-dVJt7o5Gg/edit
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swabi
http://swabiwallpapers.weebly.com/geography.html
https://en-gb.topographic-map.com/maps/zcmd/Swabi/
[1] https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/project-documents/47360/47360-003-rrp-en.pdf
[2]
http://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files//tables/District%20at%20a%20glance%20Swabi.pd
f
SECTION-2
[3] https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/project-documents/47360/47360-003-pp-en.pdf
[4]https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Stig_Dalsoren/publication/251432310_Emission_from
_i
SECTION-3
[5] https://www.vtpi.org/access.pdf