The document summarizes different mechanisms of translational control, including ribosome binding, codon usage, and antisense RNA. Ribosomal binding regulates translation by controlling ribosomal protein binding to mRNA. Codon usage affects translation since tRNAs translate codons into amino acids and different organisms have multiple tRNA isoacceptors for the same amino acid. Antisense RNA technology involves producing complementary nucleic acid molecules to mRNA to prevent its translation into protein, and can be used to block expression of diseased proteins.

1. BHARATHIDASAN UNIVERSITY
TIRUCHIRAPPALLI-620 024
DEPARTMENT Of MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY
SEMINAR ON MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
AND MICROBIAL GENETICS
By
Sukumar Ranjith
M.Sc.,Marine Biotechnology

2. Translational control

3. Translational control
 Translational control plays an essential role
in the regulation of gene expression.
 Protein synthesis is an indispensable process
in the pathway of gene expression, and is a
key component in its control. Regulation of
translation plays a prominent role in most
processes in the cell.
 The synthesis rate of a protein in general is
proportional to the concentration and
translational efficiency of its mRNA.

4. Translational control
Ribosome binding ,
Codon usage ,
Antisense RNA

5. Ribosome binding
Translational controlled by the
ribosome binding is defined as the
ribosomal protein binding to the mRNA
leads to a selective reduction in
translation.
For example,
Hox mRNA translation

7. Codon usage
 Codon frequencies and tRNA abundances
tRNAs translate codons into amino acids
during protein synthesis. Every organism
has multiple tRNA species that read the
codons for the same amino acid (tRNA
isoacceptors).
 The codons also plays a vital role in
tranlational control.

8. Codon usage

9. Antisense RNA
 Antisense technology involves the
production of complementary nucleic acid
molecules against the mRNA molecule
transcribed from the DNA in order to stop
the translation into protein.
 These complementary molecules can be
synthetically produced and delivered inside
the cell to block the expression of diseased
protein.
 It can be a short length of either RNA or
DNA which commonly termed as Antisense
oligonucleotides (AON)

10. Cont’
This phenomenon is still not well understood but
the current hypothesis about this is following-:
 blocking RNA splicing,
 accelerate the degradation process of the RNA and it
also prevents the introns from splicing
 preventing the migration of mRNA from nucleolus to
cytoplasm
 stopping the translation of diseased protein, and
If complementary DNA molecule is used there may be a
formation of triplex in DNA template.

11. Anti sense RNA