Target Scientific Laboratory Pvt. Ltd is an ISO 17025:2005 accredited laboratory from PNAC, Our lab ID is 109. Furthermore, we're one and only laboratory in Pakistan which has accreditation of ISO 17025 in transformer oil testing and as well as in private sector only we are OGRA licensed laboratory in PAKISTAN.

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2. Target Scientific Laboratory (TSL) Pvt. Ltd ISO-17025:2005
accredited Oil testing Laboratory which is subsidiary
company of Oil Industries Pakistan Pvt. Ltd.
TSL is one and only laboratory in Pakistan that has
accredited tests for Transformer Oil Testing.
Only lab that has OGRA license for testing services of
petroleum products.
TARGET SCIENTIFIC LABORATORY Pvt. Ltd
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3. TSL as ISO 17025 accredited laboratory
 Importance:
 Traceability of measurements to
international standards.
 Technical competence of team
 Quality assurance of test data
 Validity and appropriateness of test
methods.
 Quality of testing environment.
 Participation in proficiency testing
internationally such as LGC-UK and
iis-Netherland.
 Benefits
 A systematic approach to control all
its processes and well defined
procedures and supporting
documentation.
 Savings in terms of time and money
due to reduction or elimination of
the need for re-testing of products.
 Control laboratory methods
variation.
 Our tested data is more readily
accepted in overseas market from
other laboratory.
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4. Certificate of ISO 17025 accreditation
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5. LGC UK PT SCHEME FOR OIL & FUEL ANALYSIS (OIL)
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6. iis PT SCHEME FOR TRANSFORMER OIL
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7. OGRA LISENCE
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8.  We offer competent testing facility for petroleum
products such as:
TSL SERVICES
FuelOil
CompressorOil
HydraulicOil
TurbineOil
LubricatingOil
TransformerOil
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9. Transformer Oil Condition Monitoring
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10. What is a Transformer & Transformer oil?
Transformer
 It is a static device which
transforms A.C. to D.C. Electrical
power from one voltage to another
voltage keeping the frequency
same by electromagnetic
induction. .
Transformer oil
 Mineral insulating oil for
transformers and similar electrical
equipment.
 Insulating oil obtained by refining,
modifying and / or blending of
petroleum products and other
hydrocarbons.
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11. Over all quality of oil
Health of transformer
Reduce failure chances
Avoid repair costs
Appropriate preventive and corrective measures
Estimation of residual life
Why Transformer Oil Condition Monitoring???
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12. International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
IEC-60296
 New Transformer Oil
 Specifications and test methods
for unused mineral insulating oil.
 Qualification criteria for new
transformer oil.
 Agreement between buyer and
purchaser at the time of supply.
IEC-60422
 Used Transformer oil.
 Supervision and maintenance
guide
 Evaluation criteria for mineral
insulating oil in new electrical
equipment.
 Evaluation criteria for mineral
insulating oil in service.
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13. FUNCTIONAL REFINING & STABILITY
PERFORMANCE HSE
TRANSFORMER
OIL
Properties of Transformer Oil
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14.  Properties that have an impact on its function as an
insulating and cooling liquid.
Functional Properties
Water
Content
Breakdown
Voltage
Dielectric
Dissipation
Factor
Viscosity Pour Point Density
IEC
60814
IEC
60156
IEC
60247
ISO
3104
ISO
3016
ISO
3675
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15. Specifications or limitations for functional properties of
new transformer Oil in accordance with IEC-60296
Qualification Criteria for Functional Properties
Water
Content
•IEC 60814
•Max 30 mg/kg
(Bulk)
•Max 40
mg/kg (Drum)
Breakdown
Voltage
•IEC 60156
•Min 30 kV
DDF @ 90º
•DDF @ 90 ºC
•Max 0.005
KINEMATIC
VISCOSITY
@ 40 ºC
•ISO 3104
•Max 12 cSt
Density @
20 ºC
•ISO 3675
•Max 0.895
g/mL
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16. W A T E R C O N T E N T ( I E C - 6 0 8 1 4 )
 Ultimate starting point for any
transformer assessment is the oil
analysis. Like blood testing in human
beings, it’s an essential indicator of good
health.
IEC-60422
OIL IN NEW
EQUIPMENT
< 72.5 kv
20 ppm
72.5 to 170 kV
<10 ppm
>170 kV
<10 ppm
OIL IN
SERVICE
>170 kV
GOOD <5 ppm
FAIR 5-10 ppm
POOR >10 ppm
72.5-170 Kv
GOOD<5 ppm
FAIR 5-15 ppm
POOR >15 ppm
72.5 kV
GOOD <10 ppm
FAIR 10-25 ppm
POOR >25 ppm
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OUT COMES
Damage solid
insulation
Aging oil
Decrease
breakdown
voltage of an oil

17. BR EA KD OWN VOLTA GE ( I E C 6 0 1 5 6 )
 Free water or solid particles are in
combination tend to migrate the
regions of high electric stress and
reduce breakdown voltage.
IEC-60422
OIL IN NEW
EQUIPMENT
< 72.5 kv
>55 kV
72.5 to 170 kV
>60 kV
>170 kV
>60 kV
OIL IN SERVICE
>170 kV
GOOD >60 kV
FAIR 50-60 kV
POOR <50 kV
72.5-170 Kv
GOOD >50 kV
FAIR 40-50 kV
POOR <40 kV
72.5 kV
GOOD >40 kV
FAIR 30-40 kV
POOR <30 kV
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OUT COMES
Presence of
water
Presence of
contamination

18. D IELEC TR IC D ISSIPATION FA C TOR ( IEC 6 0 2 47 )
 Sensitive parameter
 Such contamination that may not be
possible to restore the oil to a
satisfactory condition by reconditioning.
IEC-60422
OIL IN NEW
EQUIPMENT
< 72.5 kv
Max 0.015
72.5 to 170 kV
Max 0.015
>170 kV
>0.010
OIL IN SERVICE
>170 kV
GOOD <0.1
FAIR 0.1-0.2
POOR >0.2
72.5-170 Kv
GOOD <0.1
FAIR 0.1-0.5
POOR > 0.5
72.5 kV
GOOD <0.1
FAIR 0.1-0.5
POOR >0.5
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OUT COMES
Excessive
contamination
Thermal
runaway in
power system
Formation of
colloids in the oil

19.  Properties that are influenced by quality and type of
refining and additives.
Refining & Stability Properties
Interfacial
Tension
Acidity
Corrosive
Sulphur
2-Furfural &
Related
Compounds
Potentially
Corrosive
Sulphur
ASTM
D 971
IEC
62021-1
DIN
51353
IEC
61198
IEC
632535
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20. Specifications or limitations for refining & Stability
properties of new transformer Oil in accordance with
IEC-60296
Qualification Criteria for Refining & Stability Properties
INTERFACIAL
TENSION
•ASTM D 971
•No general
requirement.
•Recommended
limit 40 mN/m
Acidity
•IEC 62021-1
•Max 0.01 mg
KOH/g
Corrosive
Sulphur
•DIN 51353
•Not Corrosive
2-Furfural & its
related
compounds
•IEC 61198
•Not detectable (
< 0.05 mg/kg) for
each individual
compound
Potentially
corrosive
sulphur
•IEC 62535
•Not Corrosive
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21. IN TER FA C IA L TEN SION ( A STM D 9 7 1 )
 IFT detect soluble polar contaminants.
 Determination of Quality index
IEC-60422
OIL IN NEW
EQUIPMENT
< 72.5 kv
Min. 35 mN/m
72.5 to 170 kV
Min. 35 mN/m
>170 kV
Min. 35 mN/m
OIL IN
SERVICE
1) >170 kV
2) 72.5-170
Kv
3) 72.5 kV
GOOD > 28 mN/m
FAIR 22-28 mN/m
POOR <22 mN/m
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OUT COMES
Detection of
deterioration
Quality index

22. A C ID ITY ( IEC 6 2 0 2 1 -1)
 Due to formation of acidic oxidation
products.
 Acidity level→General Guide→Oil
Should Replace or Reclaim
IEC-60422
OIL IN NEW
EQUIPMENT
< 72.5 kv
Max 0.03 mgKOH/g
72.5 to 170 kV
Max 0.03 mgKOH/g
>170 kV
Max 0.03 mgKOH/g
OIL IN SERVICE
>170 kV
GOOD <0.10
mgKOH/g
FAIR 0.10-0.15
mgKOH/g
POOR >0.15
mgKOH/g
72.5-170 Kv
GOOD <0.10
mgKOH/g
FAIR 0.10-0.20
mgKOH/g
POOR > 0.20
mgKOH/g
72.5 kV
GOOD <0.15
mgKOH/g
FAIR 0.15-0.30
mgKOH/g
POOR > 0.30
mgKOH/g22
OUT
COMES
Aging rate
Acidic
products+w
ater+solid
contaminati
on
Affect
dielectric
strength
Degradation
of cellulose
material
Responsible
for corrosion
of metal

23. Determination of 2-furfural and related compounds (IEC 61198)
 Formed due to degeradation of
cellulose materials.
 Unusual increases in the
concentrations of furfural and its
related compounds in oil may
indicate cellulose degradation from
aging or incipient fault conditions.
 The individual furanic compounds
that may be identified and
quantified include the following:
 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfurol
(5HMF)
 2-furfuryl alcohol (2FOL)
 2-furfurol (2FAL)
 2-acetylfuran (2ACF)
 5-methyl-2-furfurol (5MEF)
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24.  Properties that are related to long-term behavior of
oil in service and / or its reaction to high electric stress
and temperature.
Performance Properties
Oxidation
Stability
Acidity IEC 61125
Sludge IEC 61125
DDF @ 90 IEC 60247
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25. Specifications or limitations for performance properties
of new transformer Oil in accordance with IEC-60296
Qualification Criteria for Performance Properties
IEC 61125
ACIDITY
Max 1.2
mg KOH/g.
IEC 61125
SLUDGE Max 0.8 %
IEC 61125
DDF @ 90
ºC
Max 0.500
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26.  Properties that are related to safe handling and
environment protection
HSE Properties
Flash Point PCA (Polycyclic
Aromatics)
PCB
(Polychlorinated
Biphenyl)
ISO
2719
IP 346 IEC
61619
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27. Specifications or limitations for HSE properties of new
transformer Oil in accordance with IEC-60296.
Qualification Criteria for HSE Properties
IP 346 IEC 61619
PCA
content
Max 3 %
Flash
Point
Min
135 ºC
PCB content
Not detectable
(< 2mg/kg)
ISO 2719
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28. It is a leading tool to access transformer condition
and now a universal practice.
Thermal or electrical stress on transformer liberates
gases within transformer.
Distribution of gas indicates type of fault
Rate of gas generation indicates severity of the fault
Dissolved Gas Analysis
 What is DGA?? & How is it?
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29. Benefits of Dissolved Gas Analysis
BENEFITS
OF DGA
DIAGNOSTIC
TOOL
TRANSFORMER
HEALTH
QUALITATIVE &
QUANTITATIVE
ANALYSIS
PREVENTIVE
MAINTENANCE
HELPS TO
AVOID
CATASTROPHIC
FAILURE
CHEAP IN COST
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30. KEY GASES
DGA
HYDROGEN
METHANE
ETHANE
ETHYLENE
ACETYLENE
CARBON
MONOXIDE
CARBON
DIOXIDE
OXYGEN
Nitrogen
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31. TSL Capability with respect to Dissolved Gas Analysis ASTM D 3612-C
a) ASTM D-3612C
b) Morgan Schaffer DGA analyzer
c) CALGAS Calibration
d) AIRRUN Calibration
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32. CALGAS Calibration
DGA ANALYZER CALIBRATION SUMMARY
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33.  Air Run Sample Calibration
DGA ANALYZER CALIBRATION SUMMARY
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34. DGA analysis Template by TSL
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35. Duval Triangle
 This method has proven to
be accurate and dependable
over many years and is now
gaining in popularity.
Three main gases are used in
this triangle.
Methane
Ethene
Acetylene
Divide each gas by the total to
get percentage of gas
dissolved.
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36. CATEGORIES OF FAULTS
PD
• Partial
discharges of
corona type
• X-WAX on
paper
insulation
• Induce
pinholes
(carbonized
punctures in
paper)
D1
• Discharges
of low
energy
• Occurs in oil
and paper
• Presence of
carbon
particles in
oil
• Carbonizatio
n of the
paper
D2
• Discharge of
High Energy
• Occurs in oil
and paper
• Extensive
carbonizatio
n in oil and
paper
• Metal fusion
at the
discharge
extreme
T1
• Thermal
Fault
• Occurs in oil
and paper
below 300 ºc
• Turning
paper
brownish
T2
• Thermal
Fault
• Occurs in oil
and paper
between
300ºc – 700
ºc
• Carbonizing
the paper
T3
• Thermal
Fault
• Occurs in oil
and paper
above 700 ºc
• Carbonizatio
n of oil
• Metal
coloration
(800 ºc)
• Metal fusion
below 1000
ºC
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37. CRITICALITY OF FAULTS
MOST CRITICAL
 Faults D2 in paper and in oil
(high energy arcing)
 Faults T2-T3 in paper (>300 ºC)
 3Faults in D1 in paper (arcing)
 Faults T3 in oil (>700ºC)
LESS CRITICAL
 Faults PD / D1 in oil (Sparking)
 Faults T1 in paper (<300ºC)
 Faults T2 in oil (<700ºC)
Criticality of fault in paper is high as compared to fault in oil as paper is often
place in HV area (Windings, Barriers)LITY OF FAULTS
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38.  The gases most commonly used for DGA are given in following table along with an indication of the
conditions under which they are formed.
Summary of dissolved gases
Gas Generation
Oxygen
Typically present from residual air, air ingress, can
be generated from electrolysis of free water
Nitrogen
Typically present from inert nitrogen pressure
system, residual air, air ingress
Hydrogen
Partial discharge activity, overheating of oil,
electrolysis of free water
Methane Partial discharge activity, overheating of oil
Ethane Overheating of oil
Ethylene
Overheating of oil, associated with higher
temperature overheating
Acetylene
Arcing in oil, very high temperature overheating of
oil (typical starting around 700oC
Carbon monoxide
Overheating of paper, CO2/CO ratio provides
additional information
Carbon dioxide
Overheating of paper, CO2/ CO ratio provides
additional information
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39. Test Parameters Method
Equipment
MAKE / MODEL
TSL LAB
Dissolved Gas Analysis ASTM D 3612-C DGA analyzer Morgan
Schaffer
Water Content IEC 60814 Megger
Breakdown Voltage IEC 60156 Megger
Dielectric Dissipation
Factor @ 90 ºC
IEC 60247 Baur Oil Tester DTL C
Resistivity @ 90 ºC IEC 60247 Baur Oil Tester DTL C
Capacitance of Oil IEC 61620 Baur Oil Tester DTL C
TSL CAPABILITY WITH RESPECT TO TRANSFORMER OIL ANLAYSIS
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40. Test Parameters Method
Equipment
MAKE / MODEL
TSL LAB
Conductance of oil IEC 61620 Baur Oil Tester DTL C
Acidity IEC 62021-1 Metrohm
Interfacial Tension ASTM D 97 KRUSS
Kinematic viscosity
@40ºC
ASTM D 445 HUBER
Particle counting ISO 4406 PARKER ICOUNT BPLUS
2-furfural and its
derivatives
IEC 61198 HPLC SHIMADZU
Inhibitor Content IEC 60666 FTIR Agilient 5500
TSL CAPABILITY WITH RESPECT TO TRANSFORMER OIL ANLAYSIS
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41. TSL CAPABILITIES
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42. TSL CAPABILITIES
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43. TSL CAPABILITIES
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44.  Address : 226, Deh Dhi, Sector-39, Korangi Creek,
Industrial Area, Karachi East.
 Ph. : 0092-21-35110082-85
 Cell : 00923002017317
 Whatsapp: 00923002017317
 Email : info@targetlab.com.pk
 Web: www.targetlab.com.pk
TARGET SCIENTIFIC LABORATORY Pvt. Ltd
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45. THANK YOU 
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