This document summarizes a workshop on transformational transportation technologies. It began with an introduction to autonomous and connected vehicles, describing the key technologies like cellular connectivity, vehicle-to-vehicle communication, and lidar sensors that enable autonomous functionality. It then discussed emerging technologies like smart cities and finding funding. The rest of the document provided more depth on autonomous vehicles, connected vehicle systems, smart city initiatives like Columbus' winning proposal, and opportunities for funding deployment of new transportation technologies.

1. © 2015 HDR, all rights reserved.

2. © 2015 HDR, all rights reserved.
Transformational
Transportation
Technologies
Workshop

3. Autonomous and Connected
Vehicles
Other Cutting Edge Transportation
Technologies
Smart Cities
Finding Funding
Question and Answers

4. 1. Understand the fundamentals of
Autonomous and Connected
Vehicles
2. Obtain information on emerging
and fading transportation
technologies
3. Understand the components of
a successful Smart City and the
elements of the Columbus Bid.
Learning Objectives

5. Autonomous and Connected Vehicles

6.  Cellular/Internet Connectivity
 Auto Android
 Apple CarPlay
The “Connected Car”
Ford Incorporating “Alexa”
Source: CES 2017 Press Release
Microsoft Being Embedded in Harman
Infotainment (Samsung)
Source: Microsoft

7. Point-to-Point Wireless
Communications
 Dedicated Short Range
Communications (DSRC)
 V2V (Vehicle-to-Vehicle)
 V2I (Vehicle-to-Infrastructure)
 V2X (Vehicle-to-All)
 Low latency wireless
(Milliseconds)
o 5.9 GHz
o 802.11p wireless router,
IEEE1609.X
Connected Vehicle

8.  Roadside Equipment (RSE or RSU)
o Costs would be roughly $3,000 to $5,000 per DSRC
Radio
o Requires Power-Over-Ethernet (POE)
o ~25 feet in air for best performance
o Backhaul connectivity to Internet (cellular, copper, or fiber)
 On-Board Equipment (OBE or OBU)
o Costs would be roughly $500 - $2,000 per unit – will be
embedded in passenger vehicles by OEMs 2021 – 2023
 Traffic Management Center (TMC)
o Need to receive messages from RSE
o Monitor status of RSE equipment
o Typically Web-Based Monitoring and Cloud-Based Data
processing
Major Connected Vehicle System Components

9. Dedicated Short Range
Communication in
Comparison to Other
Wireless
 Radio Waves
o AM is Amplitude Modulation
o FM is Frequency Modulation
o 802.11 communications have similar
concepts, but apply phase
modulation
 General Principles of Radio
o The longer the wave, the farther it
goes
o The longer the wavelength, the better
it travels around things
o The shorter the wavelength, the more
data it can transport
4GFM
CV
(DSRC) Radar
Traditional Radio Waves
Phase Modulation

10. Dedicated Short Range Communications Applications

11. Transit Safety Retrofit Package as Deployed
in US DOT Connected Vehicle Safety Pilot
Source: Battelle

12.  16 different messages
defined
 6 Key Messages
1. Basic Safety Message (Part
I, Part II)
2. Common Safety Request
3. Map
4. Signal Phase and Timing
5. Traveler Information
6. Roadside Alert
Message Set for DSRC
SAE J2735 Standard
SAE J2735 DSRC Message SetsConnected Vehicle Communications and
Applications are Built on a Common
Message Set
SAE J2735 DSRC Message Set
Four Core Messages
Basic Safety
Message
Traveler Information
Message
Signal Phase and
Timing
Roadside Alert

13. NHTSA proposed rule
sets timelines
oBeginning 2 years after
final rule (expected 2019)
o3 year phase in; full
compliance 2023
Timelines for Connected
Vehicle Technology

14. What is the technology that makes it possible?
Autonomous Vehicles
Lidar is the Key Technology

15. Lidar Processing to identify targets
and Map Ranging
How do Autonomous Vehicles Work?
Real-Time Target Tracking

16. GM “Super Cruise”
2017 Cadillac CT6
Levels of
Autonomy
Tesla Model S
Waymo (Google)

17. Combines Connected Vehicles and
Autonomous Vehicle Technology
 “Simpler” technology – first
vehicle “drives” the others
 Key components – Radar and
CV Radio
o Maintain headway clearance
(longitudinal position)
o Maintain lateral position
o Apply throttle/brakes
Truck and Passenger Vehicle
Platooning
Source: Daimler
Source: SATRE
17

18. Autonomous Vehicle Manufacturers (Transit)
Olli by Local Motors
• 12 passenger
• Electric
• Lidar and Optical
• Human Monitored
• Based upon IBM Watson
• Deployed (Pilots) 2016
• Washington, DC
• Miami
• Los Vegas
EZ10 by EasyMile
• 12 passenger
• Electric
• Deployed (Pilots) 2016
• Helsinki, Finland
• Concord, California
• Singapore (2015)
• Tampa Florida (2017)
• 1.5M rides
ARMA by Navya
• 15 passenger
• Electric
• Lidar, Optical, GPS
• Deployed (Pilots)
• Cologne
• Germany
• Australia
• Deployed
• SION (2016)

19. Physical and Operational
Characteristics (EasyMile EZ10)
Autonomous Transit
Length 12.9 ft Cruising
Speed
12.4 mph
Width 6.5 ft
Height 9.0 ft Max
Speed
24.9 mph
Curb Weight 6,173 lbs
Autonomous Vehicle Roadtrip
www.avroadtrip.org
Phase II Coming Soon! April 9, Omaha

20. Autonomous Vehicles – Literature Projections
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 2045 2050 2055 2060
PenetrationRate
Kockelman - Aggressive
VTPI - Conservative
VTPI - Aggressive
Kockelman - Conservative
Kockelman - Moderate
Goldman Sachs
Passenger Vehicle Fleet Adoption of Level 3 or above: 10% to 40% by 2030

21. Other Transportation Technologies

22. Connected Car Connected Vehicles Autonomous Vehicles Smart Parking
Integrated Fare Cards Smart Street Lights Connected/Adaptive
Traffic Signals
Car-Sharing/Ride
Sourcing
What’s Hot in Transportation Technology?

23. Dynamic Message
Signs
511 Systems Road Weather
Information System
TMC Visual Walls
In-Ground Detectors Toll Booths Cash Machines in
Transit
Infrared and
2.4GHz EVP
What’s Not Hot in Transportation Technology?

24. Five Emerging
Technologies To Watch
1. Smart Pavement
2. Virtual Reality
3. Hologram
4. 3-D Printing
5. Airships
So What Comes
Next?

25. Smart Cities

26. What Makes a City “Smart?”
Partnerships
Passionate
and
Engaged
People
Policy, Process, and
Planning
Technology and
Innovation
Connectivity
Using
Transportation
Technology
To Solve
Societal
Problems; Not
Seeing
Transportation
as a Problem
to be Solved

27. U.S. DOT Smart City Vision Elements

28.  $40M Grant from USDOT
 $10M Grant from Vulcan
 12 Vision Elements to be
Addressed
 78 Phase I Applicants
 7 Phase II Applicants
o Pittsburg, Kansas City, Portland, San
Francisco, Austin, Denver, Columbus
 1 Winner (Columbus)
Smart City Challenge
Overview

29.  Focus on society instead of
transportation
 Extensive partnership and
community collaboration
 Expandability to other mid-
size cities
Why Columbus?
Transportation as
a means to solve
societal issues,
not the problem
to solve!
SmartCols-03
Sources of
Transportation DataData From Smart City Project
Non-Transportation
Data Sources
Ohio Department
of Transportation
Central Ohio
Transit Authority
Mid-Ohio Regional
Planning
Commission
City of Columbus
The Ohio State
University
Partnering Cities
Trip Planning
and Routing App
Autonomous
Vehicles
Mobileye
Kiosk Electric Vehicle
Charging Stations
Smart Hub
RFID Vehicle
Sensor
Private App
Developers
Public
Agencies
Public
Sector
Private
Sector
End-Users of the Information Data Exchange
Integrated Data Exchange
Application Programming
Interface (API) and
Software Development Kit (SDK)
City of Columbus
Department of Health
City of Columbus
Department of
Technology
Mid-Ohio Food Bank
Columbus Chamber
United Way
Hands-On Central Ohio
Dedicated
Short Range
Communication
Columbus
Metropolitan Library
Columbus City Schools
Metro Parks
SmartPass
Transportation
Networking
Companies (TNC)

30.  Four “Enabling Technologies”
 Four “Districts”
o Smart Corridor
o Mobility and Safety Applications
o Neighborhood Hubs
o Smart Lighting and WiFi
o Electric Autonomous Vehicle
o Event Parking Management
o Loading Zone Parking Management
o Permit-Parking Management
o Driver Assistive Truck Platooning
o Truck Routing and Warning
o Regional Truck Parking

31. Finding Funding

32.  Opportunities for
Deployment and Funding
continue to exist:
o$80M as part of White
House Smart City
Initiatives
o$42M as part of
Bloomberg Philanthropies
o$60M in ATCMTD Grants
Apply for Funding!

33.  What are the societal issues
in your region?
 What is the readiness of
your community?
 Build partnerships
 Build a roadmap!
 Support infrastructure
investments/upgrades
Start with Planning and
Engagement

34.  Mobility Blueprints and Strategic
Planning for Technology
 Technology Assessments and
Evaluation
 Cost/Benefit Analysis for AV/CV
 Capacity and Travel Demand
modeling
 Connected and Autonomous
Vehicle Design, Planning, and
Implementation
 Grant Application Support
Considerations to Be
Early Adopters of
Transportation
Technologies

35. Questions?

36. Ben Pierce
Ben.Pierce@HDRInc.com
(614) 315-8911