Transfer of Potential pseudomonas stutzeri genes
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The document proposes research to investigate whether the bacterium Pseudomonas stutzeri can synthesize the neurotoxin saxitoxin. It describes using bioinformatics to search for cyanobacterial saxitoxin genes in P. stutzeri strains. Preliminary results found some genes with strong similarity, suggesting horizontal gene transfer, while other genes had weaker matches. The research aims to amplify and sequence these genes from a P. stutzeri marine strain to explore its potential to produce saxitoxin.
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1 Lactaptin
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Pielak_DevBiol2004
This document summarizes a study examining the formation and function of the contractile ring involved in polar body extrusion in the surf clam Spisula. The study found that:
1) The metaphase peripheral aster spreads along the egg cortex in an umbrella-like pattern, leaving a microtubule-poor center.
2) During anaphase, the aster disassembles as a cortical F-actin ring forms that matches the location, size, and pattern of the previous aster.
3) Inhibiting F-actin or myosin blocked polar body formation, while disrupting or stabilizing asters prevented proper ring and polar body formation, supporting the hypothesis that aster spreading
11
Mutations that reduce outer membrane permeability in Escherichia coli lead to increased tolerance of the bacterium to the antimicrobial lactoperoxidase enzyme system. The study identified two E. coli mutants with increased tolerance to lactoperoxidase due to mutations in genes involved in lipopolysaccharide synthesis. These mutants had reduced amounts of porins in their outer membrane, indicating decreased outer membrane permeability. Knockout mutants of specific porin genes also showed increased tolerance, suggesting the antimicrobial activity of lactoperoxidase relies on uptake of its oxidized substrates through porins.
DNA Vaccine + Nanoparticles
The document discusses developing a DNA vaccine for fish using chitosan nanoparticles to deliver plasmid DNA encoding the OMP38 gene of Vibrio anguillarum. Key points:
- Chitosan nanoparticles were developed to deliver the pVAOMP38 plasmid and protect it from nuclease degradation. Studies showed the nanoparticles maintained plasmid integrity.
- The pVAOMP38 plasmid was transfected into seabass kidney cells in vitro and shown to express.
- Fish were vaccinated by feeding with chitosan-pVAOMP38 nanoparticles, chitosan-empty vector, or chitosan alone. The fish were later challenged with V. anguillarum to evaluate vaccine efficiency.
Molecular Detection of Beta-Lactam Resistance Genes in Staphylococcus Aureus ...
Molecular Detection of Beta-Lactam Resistance Genes in Staphylococcus Aureus ...Healthcare and Medical Sciences
Resistance to antimicrobials by pathogenic microorganisms has raised serious global clinical concerns in recent times. The present study aimed at detection of β-lactam resistance genes in S. aureus isolates from women with symptomatic and asymptomatic cases of urinary tract infections in Nasarawa state, Nigeria. A total of 200 non-repetitive midstream urinal samples were analysed and 50 (29%) bacterial isolates were identified as S. aureus. The susceptibility profile of the bacterial isolates to tested antibiotics was Nitrofurantoin (74.1%), Gentamicin (72.4%), Ciprofloxacin (65.5%), Ofloxacin (56.9), Augmentin (36.2%), Cotrimozazole (29.3%), Ampicillin (27.6%), Erythromycin (25.8%), Ceftazidine (20.7%) and Cefurozime (10.3%). Thirteen bacterial isolates were found to be resistant to all β-lactam antibiotics tested, out of which 7 were confirmed β-lactamase producers using the acidometric and iodometric methods. The detection of β-lactamase genes (blaZ, blaI and blaR1) was carried out and only five of the isolates were found to be expressing the blaI genes. This research finding suggests that β-lactam resistance by S. aureus may not be dependent only on the blaZ, blaI and blaR1 genes.PREVALENCE AND ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY OF ESBL IN SOKOTO PDF
This study examined the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing gram-negative uropathogens in Sokoto, Nigeria. 365 urine samples were collected and analyzed between November 2014 and February 2015. Gram-negative uropathogens made up 60.9% of positive cultures. The most common isolates were E. coli (29.7%) and Salmonella arizonae (23.4%). 15 isolates (23.3%) were confirmed as ESBL producers, with E. coli and Enterobacter gergoviae being the most common. The isolates showed high resistance to cotrimoxazole but high susceptibility to nitrofurantoin. This study demonstrates
Chan & Roth 2008
When yeast cells are exposed to anoxia (no oxygen) on a non-fermentable carbon source, they enter a state of suspended animation where all observable life processes reversibly halt until oxygen is restored. Transcriptional profiling revealed differences in gene expression between yeast exposed to carbon monoxide (CO) gas versus nitrogen (N2) gas. CO can mimic oxygen binding and led to derepression of aerobic metabolism genes compared to N2 exposure. Mutants lacking components of the mitochondrial retrograde signaling pathway recovered normally from CO but not N2 exposure, indicating its importance in the cellular response to different anoxic conditions. The study establishes yeast as a model for investigating suspended animation and oxygen-regulated gene expression.
Optimizing the conjugation of c5 y82f aequorin to the
This document describes the purification of an aequorin protein and its conjugation to an anti-CD33 antibody for potential detection of myeloid leukemia cells. Key steps included transforming E. coli with an aequorin gene, purifying the protein using nickel affinity chromatography, and conjugating the purified aequorin to an anti-CD33 antibody. Initial results showed more aequorin remained unconjugated, but longer incubation times increased luminescence activity though not concentration. Further optimization of conjugation conditions is needed along with future research on detecting CD33 receptors on myeloid leukemia cells.
Shigella flexneri serotype 1c derived from serotype 1a by acquisition of gtrI...
Background
Shigella spp. are the primary causative agents of bacillary dysentery. Since its emergence in the late 1980s, the S. flexneri serotype 1c remains poorly understood, particularly with regard to its origin and genetic evolution. This article provides a molecular insight into this novel serotype and the gtrIC gene cluster that determines its unique immune recognition.
Results
A PCR of the gtrIC cluster showed that serotype 1c isolates from different geographical origins were genetically conserved. An analysis of sequences flanking the gtrIC cluster revealed remnants of a prophage genome, in particular integrase and tRNAPro genes. Meanwhile, Southern blot analyses on serotype 1c, 1a and 1b strains indicated that all the tested serotype 1c strains may have had a common origin that has since remained distinct from the closely related 1a and 1b serotypes. The identification of prophage genes upstream of the gtrIC cluster is consistent with the notion of bacteriophage-mediated integration of the gtrIC cluster into a pre-existing serotype.
Conclusions
This is the first study to show that serotype 1c isolates from different geographical origins share an identical pattern of genetic arrangement, suggesting that serotype 1c strains may have originated from a single parental strain. Analysis of the sequence around the gtrIC cluster revealed a new site for the integration of the serotype converting phages of S. flexneri. Understanding the origin of new pathogenic serotypes and the molecular basis of serotype conversion in S. flexneri would provide information for developing cross-reactive Shigella vaccines.
Keywords
Shigella flexneri, Bacillary dysentery, Serotype-conversion , Evolutionary origin, Glucosyltransferase, Serotype 1c
QS
This document describes the development of a genetically encoded fluorescent biosensor called QSflip that can detect the quorum sensing signal and autoinducer 3OC6HSL in real-time. The researchers constructed QSflip by fusing the 3OC6HSL-binding regulator protein LuxR from Vibrio fischeri between the FRET pair YFP and CFP. They demonstrated that QSflip could detect 3OC6HSL both in vitro and in vivo, with a detection limit of 100 μM. This biosensor provides a rapid, sensitive method for visualizing and quantifying 3OC6HSL without using bacterial reporter strains or high-performance liquid chromatography.
Protein Chromatography
This document discusses materials and methods used in a study involving the chemical fipronil and zinc. Twenty male albino rats were divided into four groups of five rats each: a control group, a zinc group that received zinc supplementation, a fipronil group exposed to the insecticide fipronil, and a combination group exposed to both zinc and fipronil. Biochemical assays were conducted to assess oxidative stress markers like superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione, lipid peroxidation, and total protein in the rats. Chemicals used including fipronil and zinc sulfate were obtained from reputable suppliers. Kits for the biochemical assays were purchased from a diagnostic
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Tetracyclines BY Dr. P. Ravisankar M. Pharm., Ph.D.
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Detection and Subtype Identification of Blastocystis Isolates from Wastewater...
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Genomic Analysis Of Nitrogen Fixation In Synechococcus Sp. PCC 7002 and Chlor...
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2009,planta, nitric oxide ros chitosan, srivastava et al
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Calcium signaling in_plant_cell_organelles_delimited_by_a_double_membrane
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Molecular Detection of Beta-Lactam Resistance Genes in Staphylococcus Aureus ...
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PREVALENCE AND ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY OF ESBL IN SOKOTO PDF
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Optimizing the conjugation of c5 y82f aequorin to the
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The Electrocardiogram - Physiologic Principles
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune Disease
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
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Hemodialysis: Chapter 4, Dialysate Circuit - Dr.Gawad
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
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Transfer of Potential pseudomonas stutzeri genes
- 1. Building Genetic Foundations in the saxitoxin Production of Pseudomonas stutzeri A Research Proposal Gabrielle Roberts
- 15. Repolarization Rest State Passer, M.W. & Smith, R. E. (2004). Psychology the Science of Mind and Behavior: Second Edition. New York: McGraw Hill. Depolarization Repolarization
- 17. a-subunit Ion conducting pore The pore loop between the S5 and S6 segments 1. Na+ enter 2. Is the site where saxitoxin binds “ Inner ring pore loop”
- 18. SAXTITOXIN CHEMICAL STRUCTURE The guanidine, hydroxyl and carbamoyl groups of saxitoxin bind to the voltage gated sodium channel’s inner ring pore loop
- 20. Transfer of guanidino group to intermediate Claisen condensation of arginine and acetate Kellman, R., Mihali, T. K., Jeon, Y. J., Pickford, R., Pomati, F., & Neilan, B. A. (2008). Biosynthetic Intermediate Analysis and Functional Homology Reveal a Saxitoxin Gene Cluster in Cyanobacteria. Applied and Environmental Microbiology , 74, No.13, 4044-4053. carbamoylation hydroxylation
- 21. SAXTITOXIN MOLECULAR SYNTHESIS SxtG Guanidino transfer SxtB SxtD Cyclization Methylation Epoxidation SxtS SxtS opening SxtU Reduction Carbamoylation SxtH/T SxtW SxtV Hydroxylation SxtI Claisen condensation: acetate to arginine
- 34. Preliminary Results Good E-values Carbamoyl Transferase 7e-88 Short-chain dehydrogenase 3e-40 8-amino-7-oxononanoate 9e-44 Closest Blast Match in P. stutzeri A1501 STX Enzyme in C.raciborskii T3 sxtI sxtU sxtA
- 35. Carbamoyl transferase E-value: 7e-88 Exceptional E-value is evidence of horizontal gene transfer between Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii T3 and Pseudomonas stutzeri A1501 Pseudomonas stutzeri A1501
- 37. Preliminary Results Iron sulfur Protein 0.001 Sterol desaturase 0.037 Tyosine decarboxylase putative 0.063 Closest Blast Match in P. stutzeri A1501 STX Enzyme in C.raciborskii T3 sxtW sxtD sxtJ sxtB Hypothetical protein PST_2386 0.14 Chemotaxis Protein CheV sxtG 1.9 E-value