The document discusses the roles of DNA and RNA, emphasizing the process of transcription, which converts DNA into RNA. Transcription is a crucial step in gene expression, involving three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination, and requires RNA polymerases. Additionally, the document describes a Python program for accurately converting DNA sequences to RNA using examples from the NCBI database.

1. DNA RNA
SURABHI YADAV
TRANSCRIPTION
OF TO

2. DNA :
 (Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid), is the hereditary material in
humans and almost all other organisms.
 The information in DNA is stored as a code made up of
four chemical bases: adenine (A), guanine (G),cytosine
(C), and thymine (T).
RNA :
 (Ribo Nucleic Acid), is a polymeric molecule essential in various
biological roles
in coding, decoding, regulation and expression of genes.
 After transcription, the RNA obtained has base pairs : adenine
(A), guanine (G), cytosine (C) and uracil (U).
TRANSCRIPTION :
 The process of conversion of DNA to RNA is called transcription.

3. • Transcription is the first step in gene
expression. It involves copying a gene's DNA
sequence to make an RNA molecule.
• Transcription is performed by enzymes
called RNA polymerases, which link nucleotides
to form an RNA strand (using a DNA strand as a
template).
• Transcription has three stages: initiation,
elongation, and termination.
• In eukaryotes, RNA molecules must be
processed after transcription: they
are spliced and have a 5' cap and poly-A tail put
on their ends.
• Transcription is controlled separately for each
gene in your genome.

4. The python3 program requires DNA sequence to convert it to
RNA sequence.
Instead of manually doing it if we use the program, we get the
accurate results and save our time.
All the data was collected from the NCBI(National Center
for Biotechnology and Information) genome database.
Two sequences were selected ;
• MITOCHONDRION(Naja Naja)
• MYOGLOBIN(Homo Sapiens)

5. 1)MITOCHONDRION(Naja Naja
)
>NC_010225.1 Naja naja mitochondrion, complete genome
GTTGTCATAGCTTACCTATCAAGCATAGCACTGAAAATGCTAAGACGGCCATGCCTGACAGCACAAGGTC
TTGGTCTTAAACCTTTTATTGTCTAAACTCCCTACTTATACATGCAAGCCTCACCACAACAGTGAAACAG
CCATCCCCCAACTAGCAGAGCAGGTATCAGGCCAATACACCCAAGACACCAAGCAACCAAAGCCACACCC
TCACGGGCCAGCAGCAGTAGTTAATATTGGGCCATAAGCGCAAGCTTGACCTAATAACGGAGTTTTACCA
GGGCCGGTTAATCTCGTGCCAGCGACCGCGGTTACACGACAGACCCAAGGCAATATCCCCGGCGTAAAGC
ACGACTAAAATCAAACAGTCACACCATTAAGGGTAAGGCCAAACTAGGCTGTAAAAAGCCATAAGCTACA
CTAAACACAAACCCTTAACCATAAACAACTTCAACTCGTGAAAGCAAGGACACAAACTAAGATTAGATAC
CTTACTATGCCTAGCCGTAACAAAACAATTAAATAACTAATTGTTCGCCAAATAACTACGAGTGAAAACT
TAAAATTTAAAAGACTTGACGGTGCTTCACATCAACCTAGAGGAGCCTGTCTAATAACCGATAATCCACG
ATTCAACCAACCCACTCTAGCCTAACAGTCTATATACCGCCGTCGCCAGCTTACCTTGTGAAAGAAATAA
AGTAAACCTAATAACACCACATTAATACGACAGGTCGAGGTGTAACTAATGAGCGGGTCAAAGATGGGCT
ACATTTTCTAACCCAGAAAACACGGATAAACTATGAAACTAGAAACTGAAGGCGGATTTAGCAGTAAGCT
AAGAACAGAATGCTCAGCCGAAACCAACGCAATGAAGTGCGCACACACCGCCCGTCATCCCTGTAAAAAA
ATATGAATTATTCATAAACAAATTATTGACCATAAAGCAGGGCAAGTCGTAACATGGTAAGCGTACTGGA
AGGTGCGCTTAGAAACAAAAAGTAGCTTACGCCAAAGCACTCGACTTACAATCGAACGATATTAAACAAT

7. ...

8. For Naja Naja

9. The RNA Sequence obtained

10. For myoglobin

11. The RNA Sequence obtained

12. REFERENCES
 https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/basics/dna
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/rna
 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
 https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/gene-
expression-central-dogma/transcription-of-dna-into-
rna/a/overview-of-transcription

13. THANK YOU