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This seminar focused on how to use scientifically sound, but very practical strategies to monitor your readiness to train. The goal, is for attendees to leave the seminar better able to adjust their training prior to becoming excessively fatigued.
Prior to a focus race or event, performing a taper will allow you to maximize your performance. Tapers are a carefully planned period of training that lead to a major reduction in fatigue, thus leading to a significant increase in freshness and performance. This seminar describes how to execute a good taper, including some examples of successful tapers in cycling, triathlon and running.
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Train your best today usac
1. Will Kirousis | @willkirousis | will@tri-hard.com
www.tri-hard.com
Train Your
Best!Self-monitoring led training
adjustments to create peak
performance
2. • Story for starting…
• My early logging – and how that
aroused my curiosity of and about
better athlete monitoring during
my, going on 20 years, coaching
practice
1992???
3. Let’s start with a question: what’s training?
Planning of progressive workout stress & recovery, leading to
predictable improvements in performance
Goal of Training:
• Going faster, with more endurance, and more enjoyment!
4. Peak Rate of
Return: Stay HERE!
Point of
Diminishing
Returns
Plateau – Avoid This Area
Training Load
The KEY GOAL: Training to adapt. Avoid the
point of diminishing returns!
Focus on the green end!
Graph concept: Stu McMillian, mcmillianstrength.com
5. What happens when we apply training stress?
• Our bodies change as one psycho-biological unit – either
improving/strengthening, or devolving/weakening.
Baseline Fitness
Training Stress
Recovery
Supercompensation
AKA: Improved
Performance
Fatigue
6. What happens when we experience training
stress repeatedly?
• We are challenged to find ways to adapt, as ONE psycho-biological
system.
Inappropriate (to much) stress = performance decreases
Appropriate stress = performance Increases
7. Health & Ideal
Performance
Fatigue
Functional
Overreaching
Non-
Functional
Overreaching
Overtraining
Rapid recovery
within 24hrs
Moderate recovery
within 24-48hrs
Recovery may take
up to 2 weeks. Part
of planned training
progression. Still
produces positive
benefits once
recovered.
Recovery may take
weeks or months
and no positive
benefits exist.
Maladaption causes
recovery to take up
to many months. No
positive benefits
exist.
The difference between overreaching and overtraining (underrecovery)
is the required recovery time to restore normal function!
What happens if the repeated stress is to great?
• Fatigue… Gradual reduction in performance, and increasing recovery times.
• If we do not register and adjust due to that fatigue… We progress along the
training continuum from fatigue to overreaching and ultimately overtraining.
Halson, S. L., & Jeukendrup, A. E. (2004). Does overtraining exist? Sports Medicine. 34(14), 967-981.
Meeusen, R., Duclos, M., Foster, C., Fry, A., Gleeson, M., Nieman, D., Raglin, J., Rietjens G., Steinacker, J., & Urhausen, A. (2013). Prevention, diagnosis, and
treatment of the overtraining syndrome: joint consensus statement of the European College of Sports Science and the American College of Sports Medicine, 45(1),
186-205. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e318279a10a.
Image modified from: http://www.mysportscience.com/#!Overtraining-is-it-real/cjds/54f487050cf2458597549940
8. How do I enjoy training, perform my best and
prevent myself from going down the overtraining
(under-recovery) continuum?
• Monitoring and adjusting!
• Collecting psychological and physiologic data about yourself/your
athletes and assessing over time how that data relates to vigor and
performance!
• This can be scientifically valid, and effective – yet simple and easy to
implement!
• Monitoring is a tool to assess readiness to train and athletic progress.
9. Like training, monitoring should be
athlete not coach, centered.
• Focus on measures that fit YOUR athlete/s are sustainable and wont create
burnout
“How’d your workout go today?”
“I don’t know, let me check…”
10. What do I Log/monitor?
Only what works for YOU!
HRV
RHR
Moto! Sleep
sRPE
Ex. HR
11. Resting Heart Rate (RHR)
• Decreasing or stable and you feel
good motivation and vigor, HRV
climbing/steady, carry on normally.
• Increasing or stable and you feel low
motivation and vigor, HRV above 7-
10day mean’s standard deviation, do
scheduled volume, all EZ to MI effort
• Increasing and you feel tired, low
motivation and vigor, HRV below 7-10
day mean’s standard deviation, rest
day.
• Decreasing and you feel tired, low
motivation, low vigor, reduced HRV,
total rest day.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
2/4/2015
2/6/2015
2/8/2015
2/10/2015
2/12/2015
2/14/2015
2/16/2015
2/18/2015
2/20/2015
2/22/2015
2/24/2015
2/26/2015
2/28/2015
3/2/2015
3/4/2015
3/6/2015
3/8/2015
3/10/2015
3/12/2015
3/14/2015
3/16/2015
3/18/2015
3/20/2015
3/22/2015
3/24/2015
3/26/2015
RHR vs HRV
HR HRV
12. Exercise Heart Rate…
The summation of all
stressors!
Exercise Heart Rate
The
Decision
to do
Work
All
Psychologic
al Stressors
All
Physical
Stressors
13. Adjusting based on exercise heart rate fluctuation?
• Exercise Heart Rate (ExHR)
• Same relative to RPE and
power/pace, all is good.
• Lower relative to power, with
decreased RPE, your getting fitter.
• Decreasing while RPE is up and
power/pace is down, time for
recovery
• See my intensity metric triangulation
slide deck for more on how to adjust
due to ExHR:
http://www.slideshare.net/willkirousi
s/intensity-metric-triangulation
14. Heart Rate Variability (HRV)
• First, train, and accrue some data
• Now, calculate 7-10 day mean, coefficient of variation (CV) and
standard deviation (SD). Now, Train:
• If below the SD of the 7-10 day mean, and you feel good –
train, but reduce intensity to EZ to MI if you feel iffy once
going.
• If below the SD of the 7-10 day mean, and you feel iffy, flat,
empty, low motivation do volume planned, but all EZ to MI
effort – all comfortable.
• If you have 2 days in a row like above, take a rest day.
• CV when consistently recovering well, will be lower.
15.
16. Session Rating of Perceived Exertion (sRPE)
• sRPE = minutes of training X RPE (borg 1-10
scale)
• Ex: 60’ ride @ a 3 = 180 sRPE points.
• Self derived view of how hard a workout was.
• No incorrect answers
17.
18. Sleep… Like a baby!
• Nature’s PED!
• Changes in sleep pattern or duration
• Time to improve sleep hygiene
20. How am I supposed to take that all into account?
Connect the dots.
• Metric’s show you the data…
• An artistic view is what blends data
and athlete feedback.
• Coaching seeks the athletes individual
relationships between data, feedback
and performance.
21. For 2 days you see:
• decreasing HRV (below your
standard deviation)
• Increasing (5-8bpm) resting heart
rate
• 1hr less sleep per night
• Motivation ok on day one, lower
day 2.
Reduce load
22. For 1 or more days
you see:
• Stable HRV
• Stable resting heart rate
• Sleep normal
• Motivation normal
• Recent exercise heart rate normal
Train Normally
23. For 1 day you see:
• Significantly decreased HRV (below your standard
deviation)
• 5+bpm elevation in resting HR
• Sleep normal
• Motivation ok, not great.
• Most recent exercise heart rate 2-5bpm low relative to
effort and power/pace.
Modify workout to EZ for planned duration.
If you feel iffy once started – not improving – pull the plug
early and go home.
If numbers repeated the next day, rest.
Time to Adjust
With cautious optimism
24. “Aren’t I training to little?”
• Your looking for Goldilocks Porridge…
• Only train enough to get the positive adaptations you
want/need.
• This allows energy for growth.
• It facilitates a positive, high motivation level towards
sport
• You enjoy sport more, and get better!
Training just enough for Nadine =
3rd AG ITU Cross Tri Worlds
1st AG Exterra Worlds
2nd OA Woman Calgary Marathon
2nd Canadian mountain running championships
25. Wrapping things up…
• Observe what you do.
• Use that knowledge to empower
confidence in your training adjustments.
• Adjust smartly, and thrive athletically!
Thanks for checking out my presentation from USA Cycling’s July 30, 2015 Coach education seminar. Thanks to the good folks there, in particular Jennifer Sharpe for helping me take part in the USAC Coach Ed program. I’m going to roll through this material steadily, and if you have questions, Ill take those at the end. You can also contact me at will@tri-hard.com or via twitter @willkirousis.
Be well – lets go!
First – a quick story…
Early on in my sport career, I found I enjoyed logging.
Ego driven at first: did I do more?
Then process and performance driven in my early 20’s on.
I’ve always enjoyed it, but admit, at times, as a coach, it’s hard to use… Until relatively recently.
Better technology has allowed quicker and more meaningful information collection
We can learn more about ourselves, with less time put in to the process than ever – a huge positive given how busy we all are.
And that’s going to be our story today… How can we improve upon that log of mine…
What can we watch, and how can we use it as an agent of change?
We will get there in a moment…
Planning of progressive workout stress & recovery, leading to predictable (relatively) improvements in performance
Applying stress which signals specific adaptations.
Ex: training at a given load = changes to YOU physically and mentally, allowing you to experience that same activity with less stress.
Goal: Go faster, more endurance, more enjoyment.
The Macro goal, is to do enough training to adapt – not as much training as we have time or desire to do!
It’s easy to suggest more training. It’s easy to suggest harder training. But where is the point at which that training is no longer providing a positive benefit? Where does it no longer lead to adaptations in a time frame which allows consistent training?
We will look at how, as we get more into the area of monitoring.
Lets look at the micro next…
We change as a psycho-biological unit.
We are one. We are exposed to a specific stress, and the adpatations to that stress may be specific, but still impact how our systems function as a whole.
As we change, we improve or regress…
Depends on loading, life, and wellness
Each workout creates a stress
When those stresses are linked, the sum, is one higher stress level.
In other words, if you can only recover and positively adapt to 8 hours of training…
Don’t do 15 hours. You will maladapt vs adapt – big difference!
Train for sport, in the context of you as a whole – over time.
In the chart, you can see how the summation of stress lead to maladaption (for strength, road and mountain bike specific workouts)
And you can see how with appropriate stress, you had supercompensation and improved performance
That’s what we want – progression over time.
Fatigue… Gradual reduction in performance, and increasing recovery times.
If we do not register and adjust due to that fatigue… We progress along the training continuum from fatigue to overreaching and ultimately overtraining.
The difference between staying at a recoverable training load and not…
Is recognizing how fatigue is progressing, and understanding if you should adjust
Monitoring and adjusting! Not adjusting willy nilly though – adjusting based on actual, good, valid, evidence.
Remember my little story earlier? Monitoring – logging – keeping record of how you are doing… but in short…
Collecting psychological and physiologic data about yourself/your athletes and assessing over time how that data relates to vigor and performance!
This can be scientifically valid, and effective – yet simple and easy to implement!
Monitoring is a tool to assess you/your athletes readiness to train and athletic progress.
How’d your workout go? Let me check example
The variables used need to fit YOU, the athlete
They need to foster compliance and they need to NOT burn you out
YOU need to be consistent – but just like training, you need to remember 1 day or 1 data point wont make you…
Training experience
Psychological status
Physical status
ONLY log / monitor what will work for you:
Sustainable, and consistent.
There’s a lot of cool stuff to assess – it only applies, if you can apply it regularly AND if it leads to helpful changes in an athletes programing!
Today, we will focus on a few key measures:
RHR – measured In bed prior to waking
Exercise HR – relative to power/RPE
HRV – Timing of r-r intervals (minor differences in heart beat timing)
Moto… AKA Motivation. – Are you fired up to train/race or not?
Sleep – How much and how good did it feel
Session Rating of Perceived Exertion (sRPE)
In the sample graph, the star’s were the day after recovery day’s or brief recovery periods. The shaded areas are big build blocks.
Decreasing or stable and you feel good motivation and vigor, HRV climbing/steady, carry on normally.
Increasing or stable and you feel low motivation and vigor, HRV above 7-10day mean’s standard deviation, do scheduled volume, all EZ to MI effort
Increasing and you feel tired, low motivation and vigor, HRV below 7-10 day mean’s standard deviation, rest day.
Decreasing and you feel tired, low motivation, low vigor, reduced HRV, total rest day.
Exercise HR is a very valuable point I want to include.
Exercise HR can also work as a logging tool.
It’s the summation of all stressors
Both training related, and life/health related
That makes it super valuable
The chart is from LeMeur et al in a paper due out in a few months.
French researcher who’s done a ton on over training and recovery.
You can clearly see, that exercise HR is lower at all levels
And work is lower at max
In an athlete who’s functionally over reaching.
You can use exercise HR to corroborate logged data.
Same relative to RPE and power/pace, all is good.
Lower relative to power, with decreased RPE, your getting fitter.
Decreasing while RPE is up and power/pace is down, time for recovery
See my intensity metric triangulation slide deck for more on how to adjust due to ExHR: http://www.slideshare.net/willkirousis/intensity-metric-triangulation
HRV is the variance between heart beat’s, officially it’s measured as the time difference between the R – R intervals of an individual’s electrocardiogram. Because the heart is directly controlled via Autonomic actions, thus, using a tool like HRV which assesses autonomic control is valuable to assess the status of an athletes (or individual) autonomic nervous system, and taken further, their readiness to train.
To start using HRV.
First, train, and accrue some data
Now, calculate 7-10 day mean and standard deviation (SD) as well as coefficient of variation (CV). When your readiness to train is high, CV tends to be low and vice versa.
Now, Train:
If below the SD of the 7-10 day mean, and you feel good – train, but reduce intensity to EZ to MI if you feel iffy once going.
If below the SD of the 7-10 day mean, and you feel iffy, flat, empty, low motivation do volume planned, but all EZ to MI effort – all comfortable.
If you have 2 days in a row like above, take a rest day.
Example: Above is the HRV chart over the last 175~ days for a masters cyclist I coach.
Just before the start of intermittent hypoxia he was hitting HRV season high’s, but also, performing at season high’s.
Initially after using the tent HRV starts to fall and for about 2 weeks performance falls… Then he set a 2 year 20’ power TT, and an additional 2 weeks later set PR’s for 5 and 10’. He also got a few race win’s during this time frame. And as he starts acclimating further, HRV is starting to climb once again.
sRPE = minutes of training X RPE (borg 1-10 scale)
Created by researcher Carl Foster out at U Wisconsin as a tool to assess training load…
It’s a good self derived view of how hard a workout was.
That’s valuable, your sense of how it felt, is a good window into your recovery and adaptability to training.
No incorrect answers
Don’t ask for help – that will change the outcome… Again, you can not be “wrong”!
Reduced life stress based on logged data, significant improvement resulted.
Strong 70.3 and strong 50 miler were the result.
Appropriate sleep – compared to poor sleep – improves:
Endurance
Speed
Quickness
Accuracy
Decreases RPE
Increases positivity towards tasks
Natures PED
Massive gains in performance when slept debt balanced – both in endurance, speed, quickness, motor skills.
If you are not falling asleep smoothly, or waking smoothly, and if you have trouble staying asleep, you may need less training load, and more recovery time.
Changes in sleep pattern/duration
Improve sleep hygiene.
Darker room
Cool temps
Soft white noise
No light in room
Minimize light in the hour prior to bed
Minimize pre bed time stimulus
Consistent sleep wake cycle
Great early indicator of over reaching and beyond
High = all system’s go!
Average for you = all systems go!
Low = potential need for less training, less structured training, and more rest.
As I’ve alluded, use a software package like MS Excel or one that comes with a system like iThlete.
Coaching, and self coaching, is art combined with science.
Metric’s show you the data…
Your artistic view is what blends data, feedback and performance information into actionable ideas… That, is coaching.
Again – seek relationships in data, feedback and performance over time. This opens communication and really fosters improved coach-athlete relationships. It also really helps you personalize the athletes training approach.
While some responses or approaches may be relatively standard between individuals, that’s not always the case… Individuality rules the day!
You have to find what works for you/your athlete/s.
Athletes are unique individuals. Your goal with monitoring as a coach, is to “map” your athletes response to training, thus, improving the call’s to action you suggest for that athlete!
2 days you see the following:
decreasing HRV (below your standard deviation)
Increasing (5-8bpm) resting heart rate
1hr less sleep per night
Motivation ok on day one, lower day 2.
This suggests a reduction in training load makes sense.
A rest day, followed by lower intensity full volume EZ-MI training
When numbers rebound add load.
For 1 or more days you see:
Decreasing HRV (below your standard deviation)
Stable resting heart rate
Sleep normal
Motivation normal
Recent exercise heart rate normal
Train normal – keep an eye on things for the next few days.
For 1 day you see:
Significantly decreased HRV (below your standard deviation)
5+bpm elevation in resting HR
Sleep normal
Motivation ok, not great.
Most recent exercise heart rate 2-5bpm low relative to effort and power/pace.
Modify workout to EZ for planned duration.
If you feel iffy once started – not improving – pull the plug early and go home.
If numbers repeated the next day, rest.
Your looking for Goldilocks Porridge…
Only train enough to get the positive adaptations you want/need.
This allows energy for growth.
It facilitates a positive, high motivation level towards sport
You enjoy sport more, and get better!