Sport science studies the prevention and treatment of sports injuries through areas like physiology, psychology, and biomechanics. It also includes topics like nutrition, exercise physiology, biomechanics, sports medicine, sports psychology, and sports nutrition. The scientific principles of exercise include individual differences in response to exercise, overload and progression in training, adaptation to increased demands, and specificity of training to the activity. Programs aim to increase strength, muscle size, and endurance through factors like muscle fiber type, age, and gender. Muscular strength and endurance are related qualities important for fitness evaluation and training.
This document defines and compares physical activity, play, and sport. It also discusses health versus physical fitness, with health relating to total well-being and fitness relating to physical attributes. The document then discusses the three energy systems the body uses - ATP-PC system for short bursts, lactic acid system for durations up to a few minutes, and aerobic system for longer durations. It provides details on how each system works, including the breakdown of fuels like carbohydrates and production of ATP.
Strength Exercises for Sport PerformanceJoel Smith
Lecture on strength training exercises that I gave as a lecture for Wilmington College students in HPE 345, Strength Programming for Sport. Taken from the text: Science and Practice of Strength Training, 2nd edition.
This document discusses group dynamics related to sports performance. It describes the nature of groups and teams, including mutual awareness, interaction, and common goals. It introduces Steiner's model of group performance, which states that a team's actual productivity is equal to its potential productivity minus losses from faulty group processes. These processes include motivational losses, where individual effort decreases, and coordination losses, where team strategies break down. The document provides tasks for understanding factors that affect group cohesion and examples of good and poor coordination in sports teams.
The document discusses stress, arousal, and anxiety. It defines stress as the body's response to perceived threats or pressures. There are two types of stress: eustress, which is positive stress sought out to test abilities, and distress, which is negative stress that can increase anxiety and decrease performance. The General Adaptation Syndrome theory proposes that the body's stress response occurs in three stages: alarm and mobilization, resistance, and exhaustion. The document also provides steps for managing stress, including identifying stressors and applying stress relief strategies. It concludes by defining anxiety and differentiating between cognitive and somatic responses to anxiety.
The document discusses overload in sports training. It defines overload as exceeding an individual's capacity, which can negatively impact physiological and psychological functions with long-term administration. It lists important causes of overload as improper training load, lifestyle factors, socio-environmental issues, and health problems. Symptoms of overload include changes in behavior, poor performance, and somatic issues like sleep/appetite loss. Tackling overload requires recognizing causes, modifying training, improving nutrition/therapy, and potentially changing environments.
This document defines and describes various training methods including continuous training, interval training, circuit training, cross training, weight training, and Zumba. Continuous training is designed to improve aerobic capacity and endurance through sessions lasting 20+ minutes at 70-85% maximum heart rate. Interval training alternates hard and easy periods to improve strength, power, and speed. Circuit training involves moving from one exercise to the next with minimal rest to build muscular endurance, definition, and aerobic capacity.
Sport science studies the prevention and treatment of sports injuries through areas like physiology, psychology, and biomechanics. It also includes topics like nutrition, exercise physiology, biomechanics, sports medicine, sports psychology, and sports nutrition. The scientific principles of exercise include individual differences in response to exercise, overload and progression in training, adaptation to increased demands, and specificity of training to the activity. Programs aim to increase strength, muscle size, and endurance through factors like muscle fiber type, age, and gender. Muscular strength and endurance are related qualities important for fitness evaluation and training.
This document defines and compares physical activity, play, and sport. It also discusses health versus physical fitness, with health relating to total well-being and fitness relating to physical attributes. The document then discusses the three energy systems the body uses - ATP-PC system for short bursts, lactic acid system for durations up to a few minutes, and aerobic system for longer durations. It provides details on how each system works, including the breakdown of fuels like carbohydrates and production of ATP.
Strength Exercises for Sport PerformanceJoel Smith
Lecture on strength training exercises that I gave as a lecture for Wilmington College students in HPE 345, Strength Programming for Sport. Taken from the text: Science and Practice of Strength Training, 2nd edition.
This document discusses group dynamics related to sports performance. It describes the nature of groups and teams, including mutual awareness, interaction, and common goals. It introduces Steiner's model of group performance, which states that a team's actual productivity is equal to its potential productivity minus losses from faulty group processes. These processes include motivational losses, where individual effort decreases, and coordination losses, where team strategies break down. The document provides tasks for understanding factors that affect group cohesion and examples of good and poor coordination in sports teams.
The document discusses stress, arousal, and anxiety. It defines stress as the body's response to perceived threats or pressures. There are two types of stress: eustress, which is positive stress sought out to test abilities, and distress, which is negative stress that can increase anxiety and decrease performance. The General Adaptation Syndrome theory proposes that the body's stress response occurs in three stages: alarm and mobilization, resistance, and exhaustion. The document also provides steps for managing stress, including identifying stressors and applying stress relief strategies. It concludes by defining anxiety and differentiating between cognitive and somatic responses to anxiety.
The document discusses overload in sports training. It defines overload as exceeding an individual's capacity, which can negatively impact physiological and psychological functions with long-term administration. It lists important causes of overload as improper training load, lifestyle factors, socio-environmental issues, and health problems. Symptoms of overload include changes in behavior, poor performance, and somatic issues like sleep/appetite loss. Tackling overload requires recognizing causes, modifying training, improving nutrition/therapy, and potentially changing environments.
This document defines and describes various training methods including continuous training, interval training, circuit training, cross training, weight training, and Zumba. Continuous training is designed to improve aerobic capacity and endurance through sessions lasting 20+ minutes at 70-85% maximum heart rate. Interval training alternates hard and easy periods to improve strength, power, and speed. Circuit training involves moving from one exercise to the next with minimal rest to build muscular endurance, definition, and aerobic capacity.
There are four main types of exercises: endurance, strengthening, balancing and stretching. Endurance exercises like walking and jogging help strengthen the heart, while strengthening exercises using weights or bodyweight build muscle mass and metabolism. Balancing exercises the legs and prevent falls, and stretching keeps the body flexible and prevents injury. The document recommends incorporating all four types of exercises into a weekly routine for maximum health and fitness benefits.
This document discusses arousal and performance in athletes. It explains that arousal follows an inverted-U relationship with performance, with an optimal zone of arousal for top performance. Athletes need to control their arousal levels to perform at their best. Various techniques can increase or decrease arousal, like progressive muscle relaxation, breath control, biofeedback, and energizing self-talk. Managing arousal is important for athletes to perform under pressure.
Circuit training is a high-intensity workout that improves both strength and endurance. It involves doing a circuit of exercises with little rest in between. Exercises should work different muscle groups to avoid fatigue. Sample circuits provided include body weight exercises and those using equipment, done for 20-40 seconds each with short rest periods in between circuits. The workout can be progressed over time by increasing exercise time and decreasing rest periods between circuits.
This document provides an overview of basic exercise physiology, covering the cardiovascular, respiratory, neuromuscular, and endocrine systems as well as energy systems. It describes the structure and function of each system at rest and in response to exercise. The cardiovascular system increases cardiac output to meet oxygen demands during exercise. The respiratory system increases ventilation to supply more oxygen to working muscles. The neuromuscular system controls voluntary movement through motor neurons. Hormones released by the endocrine system prepare and regulate the body's response to exercise. There are three energy systems - phosphogen, anaerobic and aerobic - that provide ATP for muscle contraction depending on exercise intensity and duration.
Here are some effective time management strategies:
- Do one thing at a time and avoid multitasking. This helps you focus completely on the task at hand.
- Prioritize tasks by importance and urgency. Make sure to allocate sufficient time to complete high priority tasks.
- Plan your day and week in advance. Scheduling helps avoid procrastination and ensures all tasks are completed on time.
- Track how you spend your time. This helps identify where you can optimize your schedule.
- Set goals and deadlines. Having targets keeps you motivated and on track.
- Learn to say no. Avoid taking on too many commitments that you can't realistically complete.
- Take regular breaks
This document provides an overview of sports psychology, including:
- A brief history noting its origins in Germany in the 1920s and key early figures.
- An introduction to various topics within sports psychology like exercise psychology, principles of rehabilitation, preparing for competition, and theories.
- A discussion of diagnostic tools and treatment approaches used by sports psychologists, including goal setting, imagery, and cognitive behavioral therapy.
- Examples of evidence from studies on topics like the relationship between psychology and injuries.
This document discusses the essential elements of resistance training program design, including needs analysis, exercise selection, training frequency, exercise order, training load and repetitions, volume, and rest periods. The key goals are to select the appropriate exercises based on a client's needs and abilities, establish frequencies and loads to target specific strength, power, or muscular goals, and determine set and rest structures to optimize training adaptations.
Overview on ergogenic aids popular in sport nutrition for example caffeine, creatine
Dose usage and other information.
based on evidence base study publication
The document discusses various ergogenic aids used by athletes to enhance sports performance. It describes pharmacological agents like beta-blockers, amphetamines, alcohol, blood doping, erythropoietin, oxygen supplementation, bicarbonate, amino acids, creatine, L-carnitine, diuretics, caffeine, anabolic steroids, human growth hormone, and phosphate loading. For each, it provides details on their physiological effects, potential performance benefits, and health risks.
Diet and sports nutrition - sports nutritionSprint College
Sports nutrition focuses on properly hydrating and fueling muscles before, during, and after exercise to optimize performance. The three key principles of sports nutrition are: 1) Staying hydrated to avoid dehydration which causes fatigue, 2) Providing sufficient carbohydrate fuel for muscles to delay fatigue, and 3) Promoting optimal recovery after exercise through rehydration and refueling of carbohydrate and protein stores. Following these principles can help athletes train harder and longer while also enhancing performance.
This document discusses sport psychology and why athletes use it. It explains that sport psychology aims to improve performance by teaching mental strategies to help athletes overcome obstacles. Athletes use sport psychology to deal with the pressures of competition from expectations, improve after injury by adjusting psychologically, and to enhance confidence, concentration, commitment and composure. The document suggests that coaches, players, managers, sports psychologists and physicians could benefit from sport psychology skills.
Ergogenic aids for exercise and sports performancewilleycoyote
This document discusses various ergogenic aids (performance-enhancing substances), including anabolic steroids, human growth hormone, and erythropoietin. It describes the physiological effects of each substance, such as increased muscle growth, strength, and red blood cell count. It also identifies sports that may benefit from these effects, like sprinting, bodybuilding, and endurance sports. However, the document warns that long-term use of these banned substances can have serious health implications, including organ damage, cardiovascular disease, blood clots, and stroke.
This document outlines a muscular strength workout plan. It discusses the FITT exercise prescription principles of frequency, intensity, time, and type. It defines key terms like repetition, set, and one-rep maximum. It also describes the components of a workout plan, including muscle contraction and extension. Finally, it lists the basic goals of resistance training and different types of workouts like strength, hypertrophy, endurance, and fitness/toning plans.
Adapted slides from my presentation with John Abreu as part of the Canadian Sport Institute Pacific's Speaker Series. This initiative intends to help athletes gain the tools, knowledge and skills needed to reach the next level of sport performance;
engage with other athletes, coaches and sport professionals in a multi-sport environment; and, gain access and know-how from world leading sport performance professionals and athletes who have reached the highest levels of sport.
This presentation introduced some of the foundational concepts of periodization to a live and online audience and was followed by an expert panel discussion.
The document discusses the history and concepts of periodization in physical training. It outlines that periodization originated in ancient Greece and Egypt and was used for military training and sport. It defines periodization as dividing training into periods using cycling of characteristics like endurance and strength. It analyzes the different levels of periodization from macro cycles lasting months or years down to micro cycles of a single week. Finally, it discusses applying periodization principles to develop training plans tailored for specific sports and competitive calendars.
Periodisation involves dividing the training year into phases with the goal of peaking performance for important events. It prevents overtraining and injury by gradually increasing intensity over various cycles. The training year consists of an off-season, general preparation, specific preparation, and competitive phases of varying lengths focused on different activities to optimally develop sports performance.
Here are the answers to the brain teaser questions:
1. The 6 types of training are: Interval, Continuous, Fartlek, Circuit, Weight, and Cross
2. Exercises for a circuit to improve muscular endurance could include: pushups, situps, squats
3. Continuous training improves cardiovascular fitness because it involves moderate exercise for at least 15-20 minutes with no rest in order to improve aerobic fitness.
4. Interval training involves periods of hard work followed by periods of rest in order to improve mainly speed but also cardiovascular fitness through high intensity intervals.
5. Fartlek training combines high and low intensity work with many changes of speed and terrain. It is good for games
This document discusses the principles of periodization in training. It begins with an overview and background on periodization, noting that it aims to make training more measurable and planned. Key aspects discussed include supercompensation, where overload is followed by recovery and supercompensation. Periodization models from Matveyev and others are examined. Matveyev's approach bases periodization on supercompensation and organizes training into microcycles, mesocycles, and macrocycles within preparation, competition, and transition periods. The document provides guidance on applying periodization through constructing annual plans, periods and phases, mesocycles, and microcycles with examples for college football.
Overuse injuries, collisions with other athletes or objects, and exceeding the body's normal force limits are some of the main causes of sports injuries discussed in the document. Proper warm up, equipment, technique, strength, and flexibility can help prevent overuse injuries, while following rules and avoiding dangerous techniques can reduce collision-related injuries. A variety of environmental, equipment, psychological, medical, and treatment factors were also outlined as potential contributors to sports injuries if not properly managed.
An exercise science degree provides students with the knowledge and skills to work as a health/fitness specialist or personal trainer. The degree focuses on coursework in human physiology, anatomy, biology, chemistry, psychology, nutrition, biomechanics, motor learning, exercise physiology, and fitness assessment and prescription. With this degree and certification, graduates have career options in the health/fitness industry, education, physical therapy, occupational therapy, physician assisting, or becoming a physician with additional schooling.
The document outlines the schedule and tasks for a design exercise focused on developing a system concept for sustainability, including analyzing the context, generating ideas, developing the concept, and presenting the concept in a plenary presentation on July 17th. Students will work on conceptualizing and visualizing the system concept's sustainability qualities, then refine and formalize the concept in a presentation format to be handed over and presented. The presentation will cover satisfaction diagrams, concept descriptions, interaction boards, system maps, and product renderings developed as part of the concept.
There are four main types of exercises: endurance, strengthening, balancing and stretching. Endurance exercises like walking and jogging help strengthen the heart, while strengthening exercises using weights or bodyweight build muscle mass and metabolism. Balancing exercises the legs and prevent falls, and stretching keeps the body flexible and prevents injury. The document recommends incorporating all four types of exercises into a weekly routine for maximum health and fitness benefits.
This document discusses arousal and performance in athletes. It explains that arousal follows an inverted-U relationship with performance, with an optimal zone of arousal for top performance. Athletes need to control their arousal levels to perform at their best. Various techniques can increase or decrease arousal, like progressive muscle relaxation, breath control, biofeedback, and energizing self-talk. Managing arousal is important for athletes to perform under pressure.
Circuit training is a high-intensity workout that improves both strength and endurance. It involves doing a circuit of exercises with little rest in between. Exercises should work different muscle groups to avoid fatigue. Sample circuits provided include body weight exercises and those using equipment, done for 20-40 seconds each with short rest periods in between circuits. The workout can be progressed over time by increasing exercise time and decreasing rest periods between circuits.
This document provides an overview of basic exercise physiology, covering the cardiovascular, respiratory, neuromuscular, and endocrine systems as well as energy systems. It describes the structure and function of each system at rest and in response to exercise. The cardiovascular system increases cardiac output to meet oxygen demands during exercise. The respiratory system increases ventilation to supply more oxygen to working muscles. The neuromuscular system controls voluntary movement through motor neurons. Hormones released by the endocrine system prepare and regulate the body's response to exercise. There are three energy systems - phosphogen, anaerobic and aerobic - that provide ATP for muscle contraction depending on exercise intensity and duration.
Here are some effective time management strategies:
- Do one thing at a time and avoid multitasking. This helps you focus completely on the task at hand.
- Prioritize tasks by importance and urgency. Make sure to allocate sufficient time to complete high priority tasks.
- Plan your day and week in advance. Scheduling helps avoid procrastination and ensures all tasks are completed on time.
- Track how you spend your time. This helps identify where you can optimize your schedule.
- Set goals and deadlines. Having targets keeps you motivated and on track.
- Learn to say no. Avoid taking on too many commitments that you can't realistically complete.
- Take regular breaks
This document provides an overview of sports psychology, including:
- A brief history noting its origins in Germany in the 1920s and key early figures.
- An introduction to various topics within sports psychology like exercise psychology, principles of rehabilitation, preparing for competition, and theories.
- A discussion of diagnostic tools and treatment approaches used by sports psychologists, including goal setting, imagery, and cognitive behavioral therapy.
- Examples of evidence from studies on topics like the relationship between psychology and injuries.
This document discusses the essential elements of resistance training program design, including needs analysis, exercise selection, training frequency, exercise order, training load and repetitions, volume, and rest periods. The key goals are to select the appropriate exercises based on a client's needs and abilities, establish frequencies and loads to target specific strength, power, or muscular goals, and determine set and rest structures to optimize training adaptations.
Overview on ergogenic aids popular in sport nutrition for example caffeine, creatine
Dose usage and other information.
based on evidence base study publication
The document discusses various ergogenic aids used by athletes to enhance sports performance. It describes pharmacological agents like beta-blockers, amphetamines, alcohol, blood doping, erythropoietin, oxygen supplementation, bicarbonate, amino acids, creatine, L-carnitine, diuretics, caffeine, anabolic steroids, human growth hormone, and phosphate loading. For each, it provides details on their physiological effects, potential performance benefits, and health risks.
Diet and sports nutrition - sports nutritionSprint College
Sports nutrition focuses on properly hydrating and fueling muscles before, during, and after exercise to optimize performance. The three key principles of sports nutrition are: 1) Staying hydrated to avoid dehydration which causes fatigue, 2) Providing sufficient carbohydrate fuel for muscles to delay fatigue, and 3) Promoting optimal recovery after exercise through rehydration and refueling of carbohydrate and protein stores. Following these principles can help athletes train harder and longer while also enhancing performance.
This document discusses sport psychology and why athletes use it. It explains that sport psychology aims to improve performance by teaching mental strategies to help athletes overcome obstacles. Athletes use sport psychology to deal with the pressures of competition from expectations, improve after injury by adjusting psychologically, and to enhance confidence, concentration, commitment and composure. The document suggests that coaches, players, managers, sports psychologists and physicians could benefit from sport psychology skills.
Ergogenic aids for exercise and sports performancewilleycoyote
This document discusses various ergogenic aids (performance-enhancing substances), including anabolic steroids, human growth hormone, and erythropoietin. It describes the physiological effects of each substance, such as increased muscle growth, strength, and red blood cell count. It also identifies sports that may benefit from these effects, like sprinting, bodybuilding, and endurance sports. However, the document warns that long-term use of these banned substances can have serious health implications, including organ damage, cardiovascular disease, blood clots, and stroke.
This document outlines a muscular strength workout plan. It discusses the FITT exercise prescription principles of frequency, intensity, time, and type. It defines key terms like repetition, set, and one-rep maximum. It also describes the components of a workout plan, including muscle contraction and extension. Finally, it lists the basic goals of resistance training and different types of workouts like strength, hypertrophy, endurance, and fitness/toning plans.
Adapted slides from my presentation with John Abreu as part of the Canadian Sport Institute Pacific's Speaker Series. This initiative intends to help athletes gain the tools, knowledge and skills needed to reach the next level of sport performance;
engage with other athletes, coaches and sport professionals in a multi-sport environment; and, gain access and know-how from world leading sport performance professionals and athletes who have reached the highest levels of sport.
This presentation introduced some of the foundational concepts of periodization to a live and online audience and was followed by an expert panel discussion.
The document discusses the history and concepts of periodization in physical training. It outlines that periodization originated in ancient Greece and Egypt and was used for military training and sport. It defines periodization as dividing training into periods using cycling of characteristics like endurance and strength. It analyzes the different levels of periodization from macro cycles lasting months or years down to micro cycles of a single week. Finally, it discusses applying periodization principles to develop training plans tailored for specific sports and competitive calendars.
Periodisation involves dividing the training year into phases with the goal of peaking performance for important events. It prevents overtraining and injury by gradually increasing intensity over various cycles. The training year consists of an off-season, general preparation, specific preparation, and competitive phases of varying lengths focused on different activities to optimally develop sports performance.
Here are the answers to the brain teaser questions:
1. The 6 types of training are: Interval, Continuous, Fartlek, Circuit, Weight, and Cross
2. Exercises for a circuit to improve muscular endurance could include: pushups, situps, squats
3. Continuous training improves cardiovascular fitness because it involves moderate exercise for at least 15-20 minutes with no rest in order to improve aerobic fitness.
4. Interval training involves periods of hard work followed by periods of rest in order to improve mainly speed but also cardiovascular fitness through high intensity intervals.
5. Fartlek training combines high and low intensity work with many changes of speed and terrain. It is good for games
This document discusses the principles of periodization in training. It begins with an overview and background on periodization, noting that it aims to make training more measurable and planned. Key aspects discussed include supercompensation, where overload is followed by recovery and supercompensation. Periodization models from Matveyev and others are examined. Matveyev's approach bases periodization on supercompensation and organizes training into microcycles, mesocycles, and macrocycles within preparation, competition, and transition periods. The document provides guidance on applying periodization through constructing annual plans, periods and phases, mesocycles, and microcycles with examples for college football.
Overuse injuries, collisions with other athletes or objects, and exceeding the body's normal force limits are some of the main causes of sports injuries discussed in the document. Proper warm up, equipment, technique, strength, and flexibility can help prevent overuse injuries, while following rules and avoiding dangerous techniques can reduce collision-related injuries. A variety of environmental, equipment, psychological, medical, and treatment factors were also outlined as potential contributors to sports injuries if not properly managed.
An exercise science degree provides students with the knowledge and skills to work as a health/fitness specialist or personal trainer. The degree focuses on coursework in human physiology, anatomy, biology, chemistry, psychology, nutrition, biomechanics, motor learning, exercise physiology, and fitness assessment and prescription. With this degree and certification, graduates have career options in the health/fitness industry, education, physical therapy, occupational therapy, physician assisting, or becoming a physician with additional schooling.
The document outlines the schedule and tasks for a design exercise focused on developing a system concept for sustainability, including analyzing the context, generating ideas, developing the concept, and presenting the concept in a plenary presentation on July 17th. Students will work on conceptualizing and visualizing the system concept's sustainability qualities, then refine and formalize the concept in a presentation format to be handed over and presented. The presentation will cover satisfaction diagrams, concept descriptions, interaction boards, system maps, and product renderings developed as part of the concept.
Chronic diseases like obesity and diabetes are on the rise due to sedentary lifestyles. Integrated training programs aim to address muscular imbalances and dysfunction through progressive overload. The body's nervous, muscular, and skeletal systems work together to enable human movement. The nervous system coordinates signals through neurons and sensory receptors. Skeletal muscles contract through motor unit stimulation and the sliding of actin and myosin filaments. Joints allow movement through various articulations of bones.
ESSA is a professional organization committed to establishing, promoting, and defending the career paths of tertiary-trained exercise and sports science practitioners. It represents over 2,450 members and lobbies various government bodies on their behalf. ESSA offers member benefits like discounted conferences and insurance, as well as promoting accreditation in exercise science and exercise physiology. Accreditation requires evidence of clinical experience and skills in order to work in areas like private practice, hospitals, and sports science.
We at FICCI, through this representation to the Government of India outlines how sports as an industry and a business is growing and can benefit exchequer and society
This presentation discusses the evolution of sports science over the last century. It provides examples of how world records have improved in track events like the 100m dash and swimming due to factors like improved physiology, nutrition, clothing/equipment, and technical analysis. The presentation outlines key elements of sports science like physiology, psychology, nutrition, clothing/ergonomics, technology and technical analysis. It discusses how understanding calorie consumption and expenditure, as well as chronic energy balance, can help improve athletic performance.
Honors Program-Senior Presentation-Exercise and CognitionHaley Young
The document discusses how exercise impacts cognitive functioning and brain development. It provides background on studies that show aerobic exercise increases brain volume and improves cognition. The author's study examined students who performed acute aerobic exercise before a final exam and found those in the exercise group demonstrated greater growth from midterm to final exams. In interviews, most students felt exercise improves their academic performance by enhancing focus. The document summarizes evidence that physical activity benefits the brain and cognition.
This document discusses the importance of sharing from the heart in order to have better relationships and be understood by others. It states that if people do not understand you, it is your responsibility to share what is important to you from your heart. Sharing from the heart allows others to understand you the most because they will see your uniqueness. However, some find it difficult to share from the heart due to fear of rejection or being taught to suppress emotions. The document provides tips for learning to share from the heart such as attending support groups and practicing deep sharing.
Long term effects of exercise on cv & energy systemsdanesmith_1
Here are 2 changes to the energy systems and 3 key CV changes:
1. Increased enzymes for aerobic and anaerobic systems
2. Increased fat oxidation
1. Increased stroke volume
2. Decreased resting heart rate
3. Increased aerobic fitness as measured by a VO2 max or beep test
The effectiveness of Plyometric training methodsu3058565
This document reviews the effectiveness of plyometrics training and its prescription by strength coaches. It provides background on plyometrics dating back to the 1960s, including early research by Professor Rodolfo Margaria and Fred Wilt. Studies show plyometrics can increase explosive power when utilizing the "shock method" of training. Optimal plyometrics programs incorporate explosive exercises on a hard surface with moderate training volume. Research that utilized the "shock method" found improvements in athletic performance measures like vertical jump height and agility. Prescription of plyometrics should consider surface hardness and training volume to maximize benefits while minimizing injury risk.
Here are the key steps to safely implement a plyometric program:
1. Evaluate the athlete's strength, speed, balance and physical characteristics.
2. Ensure the training area and equipment are properly sized and surfaced to prevent injuries.
3. Teach the athlete proper technique for each exercise before progression.
4. Design the program with consideration for intensity, frequency, recovery, volume and length tailored to the individual.
5. Gradually progress the program by systematically increasing the overload over time.
Flexibility and stretching - how to stretch, when to stretchAlexandra Merisoiu
This document provides guidelines for stretching, including when and how to stretch. It advises performing stretches under supervision to avoid injury, as improper technique can cause muscle or joint damage. Stretching should be done as part of warm-ups and cool-downs, with static stretches recommended after exercise. The document outlines different stretching methods and provides technical advice, such as taking the stretch to a mild discomfort and not forcing beyond normal range of motion.
Plyometrics and Resistance Training Research ProposalSamBartholomeusz
This study aims to determine whether plyometrics or resistance training has greater effects on explosive power and muscular strength in basketball players aged 15-17. Ten division 1 athletes will undergo either a 10-week plyometrics or resistance training program, consisting of 2 one-hour sessions per week. Assessments will be conducted prior to, midway through, and after the program to evaluate changes in vertical jump height, medicine ball throw distance, and other measures of explosive power and strength. The study hopes to identify the more beneficial training type for adolescent athletes and add to current literature on the topic.
This document provides information on fitness and exercise. It discusses setting goals and analyzing physiological indicators to monitor participation in moderate to vigorous physical activities (MVPAs) for at least 60 minutes most days of the week. The objectives are to identify the importance of goal setting, analyze heart rate and perceived exertion to adjust efforts, and engage in MVPAs. It also discusses the FITT principles of frequency, intensity, type, and time for developing workout plans and the importance of gradually increasing the principles over time for improvement.
This document provides an overview and introduction to training as an intermediate bodybuilder. It discusses how the intermediate stage is an exciting time combining the freshness of starting out with experience and results. It notes most bodybuilders need 6 months of consistent training to be considered intermediate. Key signs include visible physique improvement, strength gains, and training becoming an integral part of one's lifestyle. The document recommends first changes for intermediates as subdividing full-body workouts into a 2-day split focusing on lower/upper or push/pull. It advises training each bodypart less frequently than as a beginner but in the gym more often, and increasing exercise variety periodically.
We as a whole realize practice is beneficial for us. It offers archived medical advantages and is likely perhaps the best apparatus we need to battle weight, a few sorts of malignant growth, diabetes, coronary illness, and other persistent diseases. Simultaneously, it very well may be difficult to try that information. There are such countless various ideas on the sorts of exercises and the ideal recurrence, it can prompt data over-burden and overpower.
This document outlines principles for developing an effective fitness training program. It discusses assessing a client's goals and requirements, categorizing goals as general health or sports performance, and applying the FITT principles of frequency, intensity, time and type of exercise. It also covers components of fitness like cardiovascular endurance, strength and flexibility that should be addressed. Training should follow principles of specificity, progression, overload, reversibility and variation to avoid tedium and injury while steadily improving the client's fitness level.
This document provides guidance on achieving fitness goals through a comprehensive program of goal-specific exercise, nutrition, and supplementation. It outlines 3 main fitness goals - lose body fat and increase muscle tone, gain muscle size and strength, and maintain overall fitness. For each goal, it provides sample weekly training schedules that alternate weight training and cardio workouts and target different muscle groups each day. The weight training sections provide example exercises and sets/reps for both basic and advanced levels. Nutrition advice emphasizes eating 6 small meals per day with proper macros. Supplementation guidance recommends supplements to support different fitness goals like muscle gain or fat loss. Overall, the document presents an integrated 12-week program to help readers achieve extraordinary physical transformations through commitment to
The document discusses principles of training including frequency, intensity, duration, overload, specificity, adaptation, regularity, reversibility, generalisation, variety, group vs individual training, and methods like continuous, weight, and interval training. It provides guidelines for applying these principles including manipulating variables like frequency, intensity, duration, and rest periods to continually apply overload and drive adaptations over time.
This document discusses the principles of training, including the FITT principles of frequency, intensity, time, and type of training. It explains that training needs to be regular and consistent to produce adaptations while avoiding overtraining. Intensity needs to be managed appropriately for the individual and training goal. A variety of training methods and progressive overload over time are important to continued improvement without plateauing. Specificity of training and adequate rest are also principles to keep in mind for optimal training.
There are many training programs and multiple methods to promote body conditioning. This program is designed to obtain specific athletic goals and aspirations. These include biking, contact sports, running, swimming and different aerobic activities and exercises. Training for a sport is not at all an easy job, it requires a great amount of dedication, focus and hard work.
This Ebook will help you to come back in figure.
_Principles of training and training methods Gr 12 now.pptxJuleenBarnett
This document discusses several key principles of training and conditioning for sports performance, including specificity, progression, overload, reversibility, and variance. It defines these principles and explains their importance for an effective training program. Additionally, it covers other topics like overtraining, individual differences in training needs, adaptations to training, exercise prescription, training methods, flexibility training, and periodization of the training year.
Powerhouse Gym India owns the title of Master Licensee in the SAARC region and operates 12 centres in Mumbai catering to over 10,000 customers. Recognizing that many people face barriers to working out in a traditional gym setting, Powerhouse Gym India introduces Powerhouse Elite, a personal training program that brings certified trainers and mobile gym equipment directly to customers' homes. This program aims to make working out more convenient, private, and comfortable for members.
The document discusses the principles of exercise training, including overload, specificity, reversibility, and variance. It defines each principle and provides examples. Overload can be achieved through increasing frequency, intensity, time, or type of exercise according to the FITT principle. Specificity means the training should match the muscles or energy systems being targeted. Reversibility means fitness improvements will decline if training is stopped. Variance recommends varying training routines to keep the body challenged.
The document discusses several key principles of fitness training:
1. The overload principle states that the body adapts to stresses placed on it, so training must progressively stress the body in new ways.
2. The FITT principle outlines four ways to achieve overload: frequency, intensity, time, and type of training.
3. The specificity principle states that training must target specific muscles and skills for a particular activity.
An exercise program is a planned set of physical activities tailored to an individual's needs that details the exercises and amount of time spent on each. It provides health benefits like improved heart, lung, and muscle fitness as well as reduced disease risk and better psychological wellbeing. Creating S.M.A.R.T. goals that are specific, measurable, achievable, relevant and time-bound can help individuals follow exercise programs and achieve their fitness goals. Key principles of effective fitness training include overload, specificity, progression, variation, and recovery to continually challenge the body and avoid injury or burnout.
The document outlines several principles of physical activity and training:
1. The overload principle specifies that one must perform physical activity in greater than normal amounts to improve fitness or health.
2. The principle of progression indicates the need to gradually increase overload over time to achieve optimal benefits.
3. The principle of specificity states the need for specific exercises to improve specific fitness components or parts of the body.
4. The principle of reversibility notes that benefits from training are lost if overload is reduced through inactivity or injury.
The document discusses the 5 components of physical fitness: cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, and body composition. It explains that improving the first three components through exercise will positively impact body composition by reducing fat levels. The principles of an effective exercise program are also outlined, including regularity, progression, balance, variety, specificity, recovery, and overload.
This document outlines a 14-day workout program focused on high-intensity interval training to rapidly lose weight and tone muscles. It includes cardio, strength training, and flexibility exercises. The cardio incorporates high-intensity interval training, long slow distance, and tempo workouts. The strength training consists of full-body workouts 3 times per week targeting the major muscle groups. Flexibility is developed through daily stretching and foam rolling. The goal is to transform the body through nutrition, exercise, and motivation over a short 2-week period.
The document discusses factors to consider when designing a training program, including:
1) Identifying the purpose, energy systems required, and fitness components involved based on the goal.
2) Testing to identify weaknesses and assess ability to achieve the goal.
3) Selecting appropriate training methods and organizing sessions, considering overall training plan and principles like specificity and overload.
4) Structuring the training over time using periodization with microcycles, mesocycles, and a macrocycle to peak for goals and competitions.
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...Donc Test
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler, Verified Chapters 1 - 33, Complete Newest Version Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by Stamler Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition TEST BANK by Stamler Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Study Guide Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Stuvia Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Test Bank For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Pdf Download Course Hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Answers Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Ebook Download Course hero Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Chapters Download Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Pdf Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Study Guide Questions and Answers Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Ebook Download Stuvia Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Questions Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Studocu Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Quizlet Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition Test Bank Stuvia
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kol...rightmanforbloodline
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest Versio
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest Version
TEST BANK For An Introduction to Brain and Behavior, 7th Edition by Bryan Kolb, Ian Q. Whishaw, Verified Chapters 1 - 16, Complete Newest Version
Periodization: Plan over time For example: 1-3 weeks - Corrective exercise + Core Strength Development 4 weeks - Metabolic Conditioning Adaptation; Body gets more efficient to the applied stresses Progressive Overload: Gradually increasing the demand, load, distance, power Recovery: Must have recovery Sleep - Growth Hormone Muscle repair and regeneration Supercompensation:
Periodization: Plan over time For example: 1-3 weeks - Corrective exercise + Core Strength Development 4 weeks - Metabolic Conditioning Adaptation; Body gets more efficient to the applied stresses Progressive Overload: Gradually increasing the demand, load, distance, power Recovery: Must have recovery Sleep - Growth Hormone Muscle repair and regeneration
Periodization: Plan over time For example: 1-3 weeks - Corrective exercise + Core Strength Development 4 weeks - Metabolic Conditioning Adaptation; Body gets more efficient to the applied stresses Progressive Overload: Gradually increasing the demand, load, distance, power Recovery: Must have recovery Sleep - Growth Hormone Muscle repair and regeneration Supercompensation:
Energy Systems Anaerobic- No O2 Alactic – ATP-PC - a few secs Lactic Anaerobic Gylcolosis a few mins Lactate Threshold Aerobic uses O2, Less byproducts easy to deal with – more efficient Lactate Threshold
Steady state training: Any form of aerobic/cardiovascular training where some reasonably steady intensity is maintained for an extended period. So this might be something akin to 20-60 minutes at a steady heart rate of 140-150 (could be higher, could be lower). I’m just going to call this cardio or aerobics, even though I know some people get into longwinded semantic arguments about it. I’m sure everybody knows what I’m talking about. Interval training: Essentially any form of activity that alternates higher intensity activity (such as 30-60 seconds almost all out) with periods of lower intensity activity. The rest interval can be passive (sit on your butt) or active (keep moving at a low intensity). While weight training can technically be considered interval training, I’m going to restrict this article to interval training done with standard cardio modes (i.e. running, cycling, stairmaster, etc). A typical interval workout for fat loss might be a short warmup followed by 5 repeats of 60 seconds near maximum intensity alternated with 60-90 seconds of very low intensity activity, followed by a 5′ cool down. This is often referred to as high intensity interval training (HIIT) which differentiates it from aerobic interval training discussed immediately below.
Steady state training: Any form of aerobic/cardiovascular training where some reasonably steady intensity is maintained for an extended period. So this might be something akin to 20-60 minutes at a steady heart rate of 140-150 (could be higher, could be lower). I’m just going to call this cardio or aerobics, even though I know some people get into longwinded semantic arguments about it. I’m sure everybody knows what I’m talking about. Interval training: Essentially any form of activity that alternates higher intensity activity (such as 30-60 seconds almost all out) with periods of lower intensity activity. The rest interval can be passive (sit on your butt) or active (keep moving at a low intensity). While weight training can technically be considered interval training, I’m going to restrict this article to interval training done with standard cardio modes (i.e. running, cycling, stairmaster, etc). A typical interval workout for fat loss might be a short warmup followed by 5 repeats of 60 seconds near maximum intensity alternated with 60-90 seconds of very low intensity activity, followed by a 5′ cool down. This is often referred to as high intensity interval training (HIIT) which differentiates it from aerobic interval training discussed immediately below.
Most indoor aerobics modes tend to be boring, especially for long durations. Exercise can, of course, be done outdoors but this raises a whole separate set of issues (bicycle safety, running outdoors, traffic, etc) that are beyond the scope of this article. This is a big part of why gyms have music and televisions; I have seen one with a cardio movie theater. An excess of endurance training, especially at higher intensities (too close to lactate threshold, a topic for another newsletter) seems to cause muscle loss, decrease strength and power, and cause overtraining. This is major issue for bodybuilders and strength/power athletes but can be avoided by keeping the intensity under control. Too much repetition of the same mode of aerobics can generate overuse injuries, both runners and cyclists are prone to knee problems, swimming causes rotator cuff issues (and the cold water tends to increase hunger), etc. This can be avoided by non-endurance athletes by rotating the type of activity being done. Unless people are tremendously aerobically fit, it can be difficult to burn a huge number of calories unless the duration of each workout is just ridiculous. So, at moderate intensities, the average person might burn 5-10 calories/minute; a 145 lb person burns about 100 calories per mile walking or running. So over an hour aerobic session, you might achieve 300-600 calories burn. While this can certainly add up if done daily, it’s still a fairly small expenditure. The people trotting along on the treadmill or spinning on the bike at low intensities, often for only 30 minutes, are burning jack all calories. Which are usually more than compensated when that person figures that they must be burning at least 1000 calories and rationalizes that cheeseburger and milkshake because of it. This is one of those weird ironies: very high caloric expenditures through aerobics are reserved for trained endurance athletes, and they typically don’t need it. The people who need to be burning a lot of calories through aerobic activity usually aren’t able to, at least not initially.
Interval training: Pros For a given time investment, interval training leads to a greater fat loss and this occurs despite a smaller calorie burn during activity. This is because interval training generates a much larger EPOC (excess post-exercise oxygen consumption) which are the calories burned post exercise. Interval training may improve the muscle’s ability to use fat for fuel more effectively than aerobic training (note: recent studies have also suggested that interval training can generate very rapid improvements in endurance performance in a very short period but this is beyond the scope of this article). Time efficient: Not everybody has the time to devote to an hour (or more) of aerobic training per day. A properly set up interval workout may only take 15-20 minutes. Time seems to pass faster: Compared to regular aerobics, which can be mind numbingly dull (especially if done indoors), the change in intensity with intervals seems to make the workout pass faster. Interval Training: Cons The intensity of intervals makes them inappropriate for beginners. One exception is a style of training called aerobic intervals which I mentioned above. But high intensity interval training is simply inappropriate for beginning exercisers, for the same reason that high intensity weight training is inappropriate. Intervals are high intensity training, this has implications for the overall training setup (discussed in more detail in part 2) and integration with the rest of your program (i.e. weight training). Simply put: if you think you can train legs in the weight room 2-3X/week and do intervals an additional 2-3X/week on alternate days, you are incorrect unless you are deliberately trying to overtrain or get injured. Higher risk of injuries: this depends somewhat on the type of activity with high impact activities such as sprinting carrying a higher injury risk (especially for heavier individuals) than intervals done on the bike or Stairmaster. Limited in how many days they can be performed. Two to three days per week is about the maximu for interval training, most endurance athletes won’t do intervals more than twice/week. Have I heard of people trying to interval daily? Yes. Do I think it’s a good idea? No. Intervals hurt, especially intervals in the 60-90 second range where muscular acid levels are very high. If you’re not willing to push yourself, you won’t get much out of interval training. You know the warnings on most aerobics machines, that tell you to stop if you feel signs of exhaustion or fatigue; that’s what a properly done interval program should feel like. Sensations of burning in your legs (from high acid levels in the muscle) along with extreme discomfort are not only common but expected. Some people also report nausea initially, this can be made worse if they have eaten too close to training.
Interval training: Pros For a given time investment, interval training leads to a greater fat loss and this occurs despite a smaller calorie burn during activity. This is because interval training generates a much larger EPOC (excess post-exercise oxygen consumption) which are the calories burned post exercise. Interval training may improve the muscle’s ability to use fat for fuel more effectively than aerobic training (note: recent studies have also suggested that interval training can generate very rapid improvements in endurance performance in a very short period but this is beyond the scope of this article). Time efficient: Not everybody has the time to devote to an hour (or more) of aerobic training per day. A properly set up interval workout may only take 15-20 minutes. Time seems to pass faster: Compared to regular aerobics, which can be mind numbingly dull (especially if done indoors), the change in intensity with intervals seems to make the workout pass faster.
Interval Training: Cons The intensity of intervals makes them inappropriate for beginners. One exception is a style of training called aerobic intervals which I mentioned above. But high intensity interval training is simply inappropriate for beginning exercisers, for the same reason that high intensity weight training is inappropriate. Intervals are high intensity training, this has implications for the overall training setup (discussed in more detail in part 2) and integration with the rest of your program (i.e. weight training). Simply put: if you think you can train legs in the weight room 2-3X/week and do intervals an additional 2-3X/week on alternate days, you are incorrect unless you are deliberately trying to overtrain or get injured. Higher risk of injuries: this depends somewhat on the type of activity with high impact activities such as sprinting carrying a higher injury risk (especially for heavier individuals) than intervals done on the bike or Stairmaster. Limited in how many days they can be performed. Two to three days per week is about the maximu for interval training, most endurance athletes won’t do intervals more than twice/week. Have I heard of people trying to interval daily? Yes. Do I think it’s a good idea? No. Intervals hurt, especially intervals in the 60-90 second range where muscular acid levels are very high. If you’re not willing to push yourself, you won’t get much out of interval training. You know the warnings on most aerobics machines, that tell you to stop if you feel signs of exhaustion or fatigue; that’s what a properly done interval program should feel like. Sensations of burning in your legs (from high acid levels in the muscle) along with extreme discomfort are not only common but expected. Some people also report nausea initially, this can be made worse if they have eaten too close to training.