This document discusses traffic calming measures to reduce vehicle speeds and prioritize pedestrians and cyclists. It outlines various traffic calming devices like speed humps, chicanes, and roundabouts that have been shown to reduce accidents by 30-82%. The document also examines the problem of speeding and issues affecting traffic calming, providing recommendations and concluding that traffic calming makes streets safer for all users while managing speeds through limits and road design.

1. TRAFFIC CALMING AND CONTROL IN THE
DRIVER'S BEHAVIOR
Submittend by:
SAAD ABDELMOLA
Submitted to:
(Asst. Prof. Dr. GOKHAN TUNC)

2. CONTENT
• ABSTRACT
• INTRODUCTION
• PURPOSE
• TRAFFIC CALMING DEVICES
• ISSUES AFFECTING TRAFFIC CALMING
• STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
• SCOPE OF PROBLEM
• RECOMMENDATIONS
• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCE

3. ABSTRACT
The main objective of this paper is to illustrate the importance of traffic calming.
Road accidents have become one of the biggest problems of all countries of the
world which caused these incidents of damage problem Social, and economic losses,
so I displayed in this proposal the importance of traffic calming and how does it
effect on the pedestrian, bicycles and environment. In this proposal also, I will
briefly illustrate the problem of speeding and speed management (Setting Speed
Limits ).

4. INTRODUCTION
• Traffic calming is concerned with reducing the adverse impact of motor vehicles on
residential streets. This can reduce vehicle speed and volumes traffic and allows more space
for pedestrians and cyclists. These projects generally having a wide range of measures for
example: speed humps, speed tables, raised crosswalks, chicanes, chokers, roundabouts,
circles and pavement markings.
• The process of setting speed limits is often viewed as a technical exercise.
• The primary focus of speed management must remain on safety.
• The goal of speed management is to reduce speeding-related fatalities, injuries and crashes.

5. PURPOSE
• Improved “feel” of the street .
• Enhanced aesthetic values
and a sense of nature
• Reduced crime
• Equitable balance among
transportation modes
• Decreased severity of injury in
traffic crashes
• Improved air quality and noise
levels
• Decreased fuel consumption
Reduction in crime percentage
Traffic calming gives decreased severity of injury

6. TRAFFIC CALMING DEVICES
• Bumps, humps, and other raised
pavement areas .
• Reducing street area where motor
traffic is given priority .
• Street closures .
• Traffic diversion .
• Surface texture and visual devices.
SPEED HUMP

7. TRAFFIC CALMING DEVICES
SPEED TABLE RAISED INTERSECTIONS

8. TRAFFIC CALMING DEVICES
SLOW POINT MEDIANS

9. TRAFFIC CALMING DEVICES
CURB EXTENSIONS COMPLETE STREET CLOSURES

10. TRAFFIC CALMING DEVICES
PARTIAL STREET CLOSURES TRAFFIC DIVERSION

11. TRAFFIC CALMING DEVICES
Traffic circles SPEED PUMP

12. MICRO LEVEL BENEFITS OF
REDUCTION ACCIDENTS
Average percent reduction in collisions per measure
It was found that all the various
measures are effective in reducing
collision frequency, with the
magnitude of the frequency
reduction varying from 30 to 82
percent. The data is limited for
some traffic-calming measures.

13. STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Speeding is a complex problem, involving the interaction of many factors including
public attitudes, road user behavior, vehicle performance, roadway design and
characteristics, posted speed limits and enforcement strategies.

14. SCOPE OF THE
PROBLEM
• The number of speeding-related fatalities
decreased continuously from 16,947 in
1986 to 12,592 in 1993.ehTrebmun
deniamerylevitalertnatsnoclitnu2001
when the number of speeding-related
fatalities started to increase again.
1- Overall trends in speeding-related fatalities
Trends in Speeding-Related Fatalities
FOR EXAMPLE : the problem in the United
States.

15. • The relative proportion of speeding-
related fatalities to the total fatalities
shows an overall downward trend
from the highest level of 37 percent
in 1986 to the lowest level at 30
percent in 2000.
• The upward trend since 2000 in total
fatalities and the proportion of those
that were speeding-related was
reversed in 2003.
Percent of Fatalities That Are Speeding-Related

16. 2- By Road
Type
•The number of speeding-related
fatalities on local, collector, and arterial
roads follows a trend similar to that of the
overall speeding -related fatalities. The
only exception is the trend of speeding-
related fatalities on interstate freeways
that peaked in 1998 and remained
relatively constant since then.
•In comparison, since 2000,erehtsia
regralesaercninignideeps-detaler
seitilatafnolacolsdaornahtnorehto
sepytfosyawdaorlitnu2003 when the
trend was reversed. Speeding-Related Fatalities by Roadway Function Class, 1983-
2003

17. 3- By speed limits
•In 1987,ssergnoCdewolla65 mph speed
limits on rural interstates. The number of
speeding-related fatalities was constant on
roads with 65 mph speed limits while there
was a downward trend on roads with speed
limits of 55 mph and under.
•In 1995,ssergnoCdehsilobaehtlanoitaN
mumixaMdeepStimiLLSMN.ecniStaht
,emitgnideeps-detalerseitilatafevahneeb
yllaudarggnisaercninosdaorhtiwdeeps
stimilfo65 mph and above while the
fatalities on the road with speed limits
under 50 mph have been relatively stable. Speeding-Related Fatalities by Speed Limit, 1983-
2003.

18. 4- By vehicle type
• The percentage of fatal crashes that were
speeding-related is highest among
motorcycle operators at 36 percent in
2003.sihTstneserperaesaercedmorf
eht1987 level high of 47 percent.
• There was a steady decrease of the
percentage of speeding involvement
among SUVs involved in fatal crashes,
from a high of 30 percent in 1983 to 19
percent in 2001.
• Drivers of large trucks involved in fatal
crashes are least likely to be speeding. The Relative Proportion of Speeding Drivers in Fatal Crashes
by Vehicle Type, 1983-2003

19. 5- By driver characteristics
•Male drivers are more likely to be involved in speeding-related crashes than females.
•The proportion of fatal crashes involving speeding decreases with driver age.
•Young males less than 25 years of age are over represented in speeding-related fatal crashes.

20. RECOMMENDATIONS
• Providing the means for calming traffic commensurate with our roads, taking into
account the special needs requirements.
• Study and the development of plans for the conduct of the movement of trucks.
• Study and develop plans for public and private transport.
• Focus on traffic awareness of the citizens residing within campaigns to introduce them
the risks and remind them of traffic safety laws.

21. CONCLUSION
• The goal of Traffic calming is to make our streets safer and more comfortable for all users
and residents.
• Speed limits are the most common method for managing speed.
• The speeding-related fatality rate per vehicle mile traveled is highest on local and collector
roads where the lowest speed limits are posted, presenting additional problems.
• While speeding can ebderedisnocalanoitan,melborptisiraelctahtevitceffesnoitulos
tsumebdeilppayllacol.
• Speed management involves a balanced effort: defining the relationship between speed,
speeding and safety; applying road design and engineering measures to obtain appropriate
speeds; setting speed limits that are safe and reasonable.
• ln addition to the reductions in speed and external volume typically associated with traffic
calming. the safety benefits are both quantifiable and significant.

22. REFERENCE
• J. Cleary, Cyclists and Traffic Calming, Cyclists Touring Club, Godalming, U.K., 1991.
• Hass Klau, Illustrated Guide to Traffic Calming ,etuttisnIfonotiatropsnarT,sreenignE1990.
• R. Ewing and Kooshian, “U.S. Experience With Traffic Calming,” ITE Journal ,tsuguA1997.
• INVESTIGATION ON NORTH AMERICAN TRAFFIC CALMING DEVICE SELECTION PRACTICES
• http://library.ite.org/pub/e277e2be- 2354-d714-519 b-fdd0b98f0d7d
• http://library.ite.org/pub/e2754a 05-2354- d 714-5140-6 fca006f8a76
• http://library.ite.org/pub/e2742f 06-2354- d 714-514 e-de01e77d5505
• http://library.ite.org/pub/e272e11d- 2354-d714-516 f-b847fee8e193
• http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/speedmgt/ref_mats/fhwasa 09028cffiarT/secruoser/%20 Calmin
g%20Guide%20for%20local%20residential%20streets.pdf#page=1
• https://t 2.hnu.t/setis/ude2.hnu./snotiacilbup/stnemucod/selfi/ude2135-tmgMdeepS.fdp