Total Quality Management (TQM) aims to continuously improve quality by reducing errors and waste through involvement of management and employees. It focuses on meeting customer needs and expectations. TQM techniques include reducing variation, establishing clear work instructions, using statistical process control charts, conducting regular inspections, and encouraging employee participation and feedback. Implementing TQM requires commitment from top management and changing organizational culture to focus on quality. Quality certification and audits help ensure processes meet standards. Overall TQM aims to achieve high quality through systematic analysis and continuous improvement.

1. KOikahd ju Nkyhz;ik
(TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT)
Prof.Dr. S. rf;jpNty;>
A.M.I.I.M., M.M.M., P.G.D.B.A., M.Phil.,Ph.D

2. Total Quality Management vd;gJ
cgNahfpg;ghsh; vjph;ghh;g;Gf;F jf;f
juj;jpw;F nghUis cw;gj;jp nra;tij
,yf;fhf nfhs;Sk; nray; KiwahFk;.
Njhopyhsp Kjy; Kjyhsp tiu xt;nthU
CopaiuAk; juf;fl;Lg;ghL jkJ nghWg;G
vd;gij czur; nra;Ak;. mZF KiwNa
TQM vdg;gLk;.

3. • epWtdj;jpy; cs;s midtiuAk;
juf;fl;Lg;ghL gw;wpa tpopg;Gzh;r;rp Vw;gLkhW
nra;J tpl;lhy;> epuhfhpf;fg;gLk; cw;gj;jp
nghUs;fspd; vz;zpf;if FiwAk;>
• tpiuakhf;fg;gLk; nghUs;fspd; msT
FiwAk;. cw;gj;jp nryT FiwAk;>
cgNahfpg;ghsUf;F jpUg;jp mjpfkhFk;.
epWtdj;jpd; ey;y ngah; epiy epWj;jg;gLk;.
mjdhy; jukhd nghUs; cgNahfpg;ghsUf;F
vg;NghJk; fpilf;Fk;.

4. • ju NtWghl;bw;fhd fhuzk; fz;L gpbf;f
Ntz;Lk;
• fz;l;Nuhy; rhh;l; kw;Wk; Statistical Process
Chart cgNahfpf;f Ntz;Lk;
• gzpahsh;fSf;F njspthd Work
Instruction Card ju Ntz;Lk;
• vy;yh gzpahsh;fspd; KO <Lghl;ilAk; ngw
Mtz nra;a Ntz;Lk;.
• vy;yh gzpahsh;fspd; KO <Lghl;ilAk; ngw
Mtz nra;a Ntz;Lk;

5. gzp gz;Gfs;
• md;whl tho;tpy;
Efh;Nthh; tpUk;Gk;
gz;Gfis xg;ge;jg;gb
epiwNtw;Wjy; epWtd
tiuaiwfis,tiuaiu
nra;ag;gl;l
newpKiwfs;
filgpbj;jy; Kf;fpak;.
• Efh;Nthhpd; jpUg;jpia
cWjpg;gLj;JtJ
juj;jp;d; Kf;fpa
gzpahFk;.

6. kfhj;khtpd; $w;wpd;gb
cgNahfpg;ghsh; vd;fpwth
• ekf;F Gjpath; my;yh;.
• mtUf;Fk; ekf;Fk; neUq;fpa
njhlh;G cz;L.
• mth; ,y;iyNay; ehk; ,y;iy.
• ek; Ntiyf;F mth; xU jlq;fy;
vd;W epidg;gJ jtW.
• ehk; mtUf;F cjTtjhf
vz;ZtJ jtW - khwf -
mth;jhd; ekf;F gzpapid
nfhLg;gjpd; %yk; cjTfpd;whh;.
• mtUila jpUg;jpNa ek;Kila
cah;T.

7. • cw;gj;jp nghUl;fspd; Fwpg;gpl;l fhy
msT + tpiy + nray; jpwd;
,tw;wpd; $l;L vd;why; mJ kpifahfhJ
juj;jpw;F Njit

8. • eph;zapf;fg;gl;l FwpaPl;Lf;Fs; - juj;NjhL cw;gj;jp
nra;tjw;F Njit
• Ez; fUtpfNsh!
• Gjpa msTNfhy;fNsh!
• Ma;Tf;F top nra;Ak; topNsh!
my;y….. mjw;F - khwhf
juj;NjhL nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;w
vz;zk;> eph;thfj;jpy; gzpahw;Wk; cah;kl;lf; FKtpy;
,Ue;J ,ae;jpuj;jpy; cw;gj;jp nra;Ak; Copah;fs;
tiu ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
Dr. [{uhd; (JURAN) - $Wfpwhh;

9. “ju Vzp”

10. Iah! vq;f CUf;F - bf;fl;
nfhLq;f!
njsptpy;yhky;
cgNahfpg;ghsNuh!
my;yJ
cw;gj;jpahsNuh!
$wpdhy;
ahUf;F vd;d GhpAk;
khwf
Njitapd; tpgukhf $wp
Nfl;gjhy;
- midtUf;Fk;
jpUg;jpahd - kfpo;r;rp
fpilf;Fk;.

11. rhpfl;Ljy;
“irt rhg;ghLd;D Nghh;L
Nghl;bUf;F.
cs;Ns te;jh mirt
rhg;ghlh ,Uf;Nf…”
“rikf;fpwJf;F Kd;dhb
ML irtkhj;jhd;
,Ue;jJq;f.”

12. vd;[pdpahpq; tiuglj;ijg; Nghl;lhy; kl;Lk;
NghjhJ
- ek;ik Nghd;Nwhh; - Gupe;J nfhs;Sk; msTf;F
gapw;rp ngw;wpUe;jhy;jhd;
- cw;gj;jp nghUl;fis juKilajhf nra;J
nfhLf;f ,aYk;…..
- ,y;iyNay;
vd;[pdpahpq; tiuglj;jpd;
Kf;fpak;

13. Fiw fisjypy; rpwe;j
gof;fq;fshtd
1. gzp nra;Ak; Kd;G
mjw;Fz;lhd tiuglk; /
nra;Kiw njhFg;G Mfpatw;iw
ed;F njupe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
2. re;Njfq;fis njspTg;gLj;jpf;
nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
3. Njitahd rupahd fUtpfis
gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.
4. ed;F Njh;e;njLf;fg;gl;l
mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;l nghUl;fis
cgNahfpj;jy;.
5. rhpahd gzp epiyapy; cs;s
rhjdq;fis gad;gLj;jTk;.
6. top Kiw njhFg;Gf;fis
gpd;gw;Wjy;.

14. • Njitahd Kd; vr;rhpf;ifAld;
gzpGhpe;J jtWfisj; jtph;j;jy;
mtrpak;.
• XU gzpapy; Vw;gLk; juFiwT
rq;fpypj; njhlh;Nghy; mjd;gpd;
nra;ag;gLk; Vida midj;Jg;
gzpfisAk; ghjpf;Fk;.
juj;jpy; njhopyhsh; gq;F

15. cUt xw;Wikahy; Fog;gk;
cUt xw;Wikahy; - jd;ik xd;whfhJ
rupahd
- milahs FwpaPLfSld; $ba
eilKiwia ifahz;lhy;
tpisTfs; tpghPjkhf ,Uf;fhJ.
- mjw;Fj;jhd; - ATTESTATION –
CERTIFICATION Nghd;w FwpaPL
Kiwfs;.
nghUl;fis thq;Fk; NghJk; -
nfhLf;Fk; NghJk; -
ftdpj;J thq;f Ntz;Lk; -
nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.

16. • “vd;d lhf;lh; …… fz; MgNud;
nra;a Ntz;baJf;F gjpyh fhJ
MgNud; nrQ;Rl;Bq;f?”
• “guthpay;iy ….. mJf;F gP];
Ntz;lhk;…..!”
ghjpg;Gf;F ahH nghUg;G

17. cw;gj;jpAk; juKk; ahUila
nghWg;G
kidtp : rhg;ghL
ey;yhapUf;fh?
fztd; : xt;nthU
KiwAk; ehd;
rhg;gpl;Lr; nrhy;y
Ntz;Lkh?
……. Vw;gLk; ,og;G

18. gzp fl;Lg;ghLfs;
• gj;jpukhd Kiwapy; rhjdq;fs; kw;Wk; fUtpfs; nghUl;fs;
,itfis ifahs Ntz;Lk;.
• rPhpa rupahd Af;jp mtrpak;.
• fUtpfs;> gzpj;jyk; Mfpatw;iw J}a;ikahf itj;jpUf;f
Ntz;Lk;. (5S)
• gzp fl;Lg;ghLfis kjpj;J elf;f Ntz;Lk;.
fzpg;gjpy; jtwpUe;jhy;…………………

19. cw;gj;jp; nghUl;fis
ifahSk; Kiw
ve;j cw;gj;jpg; nghUl;fisAk;
“ghJfhg;NghL
rupahd Kiwapy; ifahs
Ntz;Lk;.”

20. jd;dpr;irahf A+fpj;J KbntLg;gij tpl
- re;Njfkhd nghOJ cWjpg;gLj;jpf;
nfhs;tJ rpwg;ghdJ.
KO cw;gj;jp jpwDf;fk; juj;jpw;Fk; ey;y
jiyikAk;> xd;W $b nrayhw;Wk; KiwAk;
kpf kpfj; NjitahFk;.
gzpahsh;fs; midtUk; <Lghl;NlhL
rpf;fy;fisj; jPh;f;Fk; nray;fis fz;lwpe;J
jPh;khdpj;J eilKiwgLj;j Ntz;Lk;.
•
A+fpg;gij tpl - rhpahf
fzpg;gNj Nky;.

21. jd;dpr;irahd jpl;lq;fs;
cw;gj;jpf;F Njitahd (m) cfe;j
rhpahd ,ae;jpuq;fs; kw;Wk;
gzpapd; top tFj;j Kd;khjphp
jpl;lq;fs; mtrpak;.
-----khwhf----
jd;dpr;irahd jpl;lq;fs; -
tpjpfs; R+o;epiyf;F xg;ghj
gzpjpl;lq;fs; mtrpakw;w
topfs; vdf; nfhs;syhk;.
-----,itfs;----
jukhd nghUl;fspd; cw;gj;jpf;F
topnra;akhl;lh!

22. Cyf tpahghu re;ij
,d;W cyfk; FWfpf; nfhz;L tUfpwJ.
nkhj;j cyfKk; xU re;ijahf khwp
tUfpwJ.
NkYk; tpahghu re;ijapy; Nghl;b tsh;e;J
tUfpwJ.
Fiwe;j Neuk;
Fiwe;j tpiy
Jukhd nghUs;
epiwe;j tiffs;
cw;gj;jp ngUf;fk;
,itfs; xt;nthU eph;thfj;jpd;
njhiy Nehf;Fghh;itahf cs;sJ.

23. rhp nra;tJ mjpf rpukk;
NkYk;
gz tpuaKk; $l
vdNt
nra;tij rhpahd Kiwapy; Kjypy;
nra;tNj - cj;jkk;
rhpahd Kiwapy; nra;tjpd;
Kf;fpak;

24. %jhl;b mt;itg; ghl;bapd; $w;W………….
tug;Gau ePUaUk;
ePUau ney;YaUk;
ney;Yau Fbkf;fs; cah;thh;fs;.
Fbkf;fs; cau murd;
cah;thd;
xt;nthUthpd; $l;L Kaw;rp kw;Wk; Mf;fkhd
<LghL xd;Nw cah;Tf;F top.
cw;gj;jp ngWf ey;y ciog;Gk;> re;ijapy;
kjpg;G cau juKk; mtrpak;.
caHTf;F top

25. jtWfis jtph;j;J Kjy; Kaw;rpapNyNa rpwe;j juKila rhjdq;fis
jahhpg;gNj rpwe;j Fwpf;NfhshFk;.
- tbtikg;G
- %yg;nghUs;
- nra;Neh;;j;jp
- Nrhjidfs;
- ,lg;ngah;r;rp
- eph;khdk;
- ,af;fk;
- guhkhpg;G kw;Wk;
- md;whl ,af;fk;
,itfis xUq;fpize;J> xUKfg;gLj;jp ju cah;Tg;gzpfis
Nkw;nfhs;Sk; Kaw;rp G+uz juf;fl;LghL (TOTAL QUALITY)
vdg;gLk;.
G+uz juf;fl;LghL (TOTAL QUALITY)

26. jtWfs; ,aw;if - vy;NyhUf;Fk;
nghJthdNj vd;gJ rhp
--Mdhy;--
mjd; tpisT
jukhd cw;gj;jp nghUl;fis juhJ.
- jtWfs; jhNd epfo;tjpy;iy
- mtw;Wf;Fj; jFe;j fhuzq;fs; cz;L
- Mo;e;j Nrhjidfs; Ma;Tfs; fye;jhNyhridfs;
,tw;why; jtph;f;fyhk;
- XUtiu xUth; Fiw nrhy;tJ ve;j gaDk;
juhJ
jtWfs; ,aw;ifahdjh ?

27. Kjd;ik Ma;tpd; mtrpak;
Kjd;ik Ma;T - rpukj;ij
jtph;f;Fk;
----- ,J Xu; Kd; jLg;G
KiwahFk;.
jdp kdpjdhf nray;gLtij
tpl Xh; FOthf xd;Wgl;L
nray;gLk; NghJ mjd; gad;
gy klq;fhf ngUFk; vd;gJ
mwptpay; G+h;tkhf
ep&gpf;fg;gl;l cz;ik.

28. Nrhjidfspd; mtrpak;
Njitahd Nrhjidfis
Kiwg;gb nra;J nfhs;s
Ntz;Lk; ,y;iynad;why;
gpd;dhy; Vw;gLk;
tpisTfis rupnra;a
a) kWciog;G mjpfk;
mtrpak;.
b) Efh;Nthh; Gfhh;fis
jtph;f;f KbahJ.
c) epuhfupg;ig <Lnra;a GJ
rhjdq;fs;
Njit.
d) Efh;Nthh; mjpUg;jp.
e) fhyjhkjk; tpuak;

29. jpwikf;F mtrpak;
xt;nthU KiwAk;
,JNghd;W
rhpahf nra;tNj
jpwikAkhFk;.

30. cgNahfpg;ghsh; ahH ?
Njh;e;njLf;Fk; “chpik” ngw;wth;.
- mtiu fl;Lg; gLj;j KbahJ
……khwhf……
- mthpd; Njitfis rhpahd
tifapy;
- jukhd nghUl;fs; %yk; -
fl;Lg;gLj;jyhk;.
- Mifahy;
- Jukhd nghUl;fis cw;gj;jp
nra;J
tpdpNahfpj;jhy;
- cyf re;ijapNy kjpg;Gk;
caUk;
- ehKk; cah;Nthk;
- cw;gj;jpAk; ngUFk; vd;gjpy;
Iak; ,y;iy.

31. Gs;spaypd; gad;fs;

32. Production and Process
Scrap
Rework
Hidden Factory
NOT
OK
OperationInputs Inspect
First Time
Correct
OK
Time, cost, people

33. Process Control Plan

34. Measurement System
Manufacturing
Process
Input Material
Process
design
Product
Design
(Tolerancing)
Machine Tooling
Parameter
variation
Method
variation
Processing
material
Environment
Sources of Variations
Measurement

35. Inaccurate and imprecise
+

36. Accurate and imprecise
+

37. Precise but inaccurate
+

38. Accurate and precise
+

39. Process Capability
Lower Spec. Limit Upper Spec. Limit
6 
Tolerance = T
Process Capability = T / 6  > 1.33
Means, 6  < (0.75*T)

40. Impact of Uncertainty
Lower Spec. Limit Upper Spec. Limit
6  Process
Tolerance = T
ERROR identified through
Calibration Process
Uncertainty
ISO/TS 16949:2002,

41. Gs;spaypd; gad;fs;

42. Gs;spaypd; gad;fs;

43. • juKk; cw;gj;jpAk; - xUq;fpize;j
cw;gj;jp nghUl;fis nra;jy;.
ek;Kila “Fwpf;Nfhs;”

44. “ntw;wp” ghijf;F top.
• ek; midtupd; xUkpj;j
fz;fhzpg;gpy; -
ciog;gpy; -
cw;gj;jpahFk;
nghUl;fspd; juj;jhy;
ekf;F fpilf;Fk;
jpUg;jpf;F gyd; - cyf
re;ijapy; “ntw;wp”
ghijf;F top.

45. ghujuj;dh vk;. tpr;Ntr;tua;ah
$w;wpd;gb
“ntw;wp vd;gJ cq;fspd; jpwik> gzpapd;ghy;
cq;fl;Fs;s If;fpak;> Mh;tk; ,tw;iwNa
nghpJk; rhh;e;Js;sJ. cq;fs; gzpapy;
KOkdj;Jld; ftdj;ijr; nrYj;JtJld;
mg;gzpapy; xUKfg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;sTk; nra;jhy;
cq;fisg; gpwh; vd;Wk; epidT $Wth;; ,/J
cWjp! ,J Nghd;w tpidj;jpl;gNk mwpTk;
jpwikAk; tha;e;jth;fis cah;epiyf;Ff;
nfhz;L nry;Yk; Eiothapyhfj; jpfo;fpwJ”.

46. My;gh;l; Id;];Bd; $w;wpd;gb
“kdpjdp;d; kPJk; mtdJ tho;tpd;
kPJkhd mf;fiwNa midj;Jj;
njhopy;El;g Kaw;rpf;fhd jiyaha
Mh;tkhf mika Ntz;Lk;. ,jid
cq;fspd; md;whl tiuNfhLfl;Fk;
rkd;ghLfl;Fk; ,ilapy; xUNghJk;
kwe;J tplhjPh;fs;”.

47. • xU fy;Y}hp gfy; czT ,ilNtisf;Fg; gpwF gy
khzth;fs; fhy jhkjkhf tFg;G
te;Jnfhz;bUe;jhh;fs;.
FO Muha;e;j fhuzq;fs;
fhuzk; - 1
• fy;Y}hp czT tpLjp rpwpaJ.
• xU kzp Neu czT ,ilNtis Nghjtpy;iy.
fhuzk; - 2
• mQ;ry; tpdpNahfk; kw;Wk; tpil vOj jhkjkhfpwJ
gzpapy; rpf;fy;

48. jPh;T
jPh;T - 1
gfy;> czT ,ilNtisia rw;W
mjpfg;gLj;jy;.
jPh;T - 2
mQ;ry; tpdpNahfj;ij khiyapy;
khw;Wjy;.

49. rpe;jid
fzf;fpayhd
rpe;jid
mDgt
rpe;jid
Mf;fg;G+h;t
rpe;jid
jiyfPo;
rpe;jid;

50. ed;wp