This document provides an introduction to Six Sigma, including: - The founder of Six Sigma was Bill Smith at Motorola, who developed the approach to reduce process variation. - Six Sigma aims for 3.4 defective parts per million opportunities through its DMAIC methodology. - Tools used in Six Sigma include control charts, design of experiments, and failure mode effect analysis. - Benefits include reduced costs, increased productivity, and improved customer satisfaction. - Certification levels include belts such as Yellow, Green, and Black based on expertise and experience. - Even organizations like the Dabbawala lunch delivery system in Mumbai effectively use Six Sigma principles.

1. 6σ
Six Sigma Basics in Tamil
jkpopy;..

2. Six Sigma (6σ) An Introduction
 6σ vd;gJ nray;Kiwapy; cs;s FiwghLfis (Process variation)
Gs;sptpguq;fshy; Muha;e;J> rPh;nra;J> fl;Lg;gLj;j cjTk;
gy El;gq;fisf; nfhz;l Xh; topKiw.
 juk;> cw;gj;jp rhh;e;j Kd;Ndw;wj;jpy; ,jd; gq;F kpfTk;
Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;jJ.
Six Sigma / 6σ Xh; mwpKfk;
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3. Father of Six Sigma / 6σ-d; je;ij
 Bill Smith vd;gth;, Motorola epWtdj;jpy; gzpahw;Wk; NghJ> mq;F
Process-y; Vw;gLk; FiwghLfis gFg;gha;T nra;J variation-I
fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; tpjkhf ,jid mwpKfg;gLj;jpdhh;.
 ,J gpd;dh; GE cs;spl;l gy epWtdq;fspy; gpugykhfp> jw;NghJ
cynfq;Fk; gutyhf gpd;gw;wg;gLfpwJ.
Six Sigma (6σ) An Introduction
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4.  mwpKfkhd Mz;L – 1986
 mwpKfkhfpa epWtdk; – Motorola
 mwpKfkhfpa ehL – US (America)
Six Sigma (6σ) An Introduction
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5. Phases of Six Sigma
1. Define - njspTgLj;Jjy;
2. Measure - mstpLjy;
3. Analyze - myrp Muha;jy;
4. Improve - jPh;T fhZjy;
5. Control - fl;Lg;gLj;Jjy;
,it RUf;fkhf DMAIC vd miof;fg;gLfpwJ D M
A
I
C
Six Sigma / 6σ gbepiyfs;
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6. Phase-1 / Six Sigma-tpd; Kjy; gb
 gzpaplj;jpYs;s gpur;rpidfis fz;lwpe;J> gl;baypl;L> ftdkhf
Njh;Tnra;J me;j gpur;rpidfs; tpahguj;ijNah> thbf;ifahsh;
NjitfisNah ve;j mstpw;F jhf;Fk; jd;ikAilanjd;gij fUj;jpy;
nfhz;L> mjd; jw;Nghija epiy> ,yf;F Mfpatw;iw eph;zak; nra;J
fhy msit fzpj;J nray;gLjy;.
 Identification & Listing of problems in the shop floor / operations and prio
ritizing the problems, understanding its impact on business or Customer n
eeds, collating the current level and target level along with timeline.
Define : gpur;rpidia njspTgLj;Jjy;
Phases of Six Sigma
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7. Phase-2 / Six Sigma-tpd; ,uz;lhk; gb
 gpur;rpidfs; kw;Wk; mjNdhL njhlh;Gila fhuzpfis KbTnra;J>
mjd; Gs;sptpguq;fis Nrfhpj;J> Ma;Tnra;J> nray;ghl;L Kiwfis
fz;fhzpj;J> rpe;jid Jhz;Ljy; %yk; gpur;rpidfspd; fhuzq;fis
Nrfhpj;J nray;gLjy;.
 Collection of data for the selected problem along with its factors, conduct
data analysis and carry out gemba observations and brainstorming exercise
to arrive at probable causes.
Measure : gpur;rpidia mstpLjy;
Phases of Six Sigma
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8. Phase-3 / Six Sigma-tpd; %d;whk; gb
 fz;lwpe;j fhuzq;fs; kw;Wk; nray;ghl;L Kiwfis fz;fhzpj;jjpy;
mwpe;j FiwghLfis Cause Validation nra;J> mit elg;gjw;fhd
rhj;jpa$Wfis fz;lwpe;J mjpy; mjpf rhj;jpaKs;s fhuzq;fis
gl;baypl;L mjw;fhd %yfhuzq;fis fz;lwpjy;
 Conduct cause validation for the identified causes along with gemba
observation points, arriving at list of probable causes and carryout root
cause analysis.
Analyze : gpur;rpidia myrp Muha;jy;
Phases of Six Sigma
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9. Phase-4 / Six Sigma-tpd; ehd;fhk; gb
 fz;lwpe;j %yfhuzq;fSf;F rhpahd jPh;Tfis fz;lwpe;J Cost control
Kiwfis fUj;jpy; nfhz;L> ve;j jPh;T ekf;F Fiwe;j nrytpy; mjpf
gyid jUk; vd;gjw;F Vw;w> jPh;Tfis nray;gLj;jp mjd; tpisTfis
Nrhjpj;J fz;lwpjy;.
 Developing cost effective solution for the identified root causes, implement
and check the results along with its factors.
Improve : gpur;rpidf;F jPh;T fhZjy;
Phases of Six Sigma
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10. Phase-5 / Six Sigma-tpd; Ie;jhk; gb
 Njh;Tnra;J nray;gLj;jpa jPh;Tfs; rhpahd gyid mspf;Fk; NghJ
mjw;Fhpa eph;zaKiwfis (Standards) rhpahd Kiwapy; khw;wpaikj;J
(m) Gjpjhf jahh;nra;J Njitg;gLk; ,lq;fspy; gapw;rpaspj;J
Kd;Ndw;wq;fis jf;fitj;J nfhs;tjhFk; (Sustain the improvements).
 Development/modification of standards to sustain the improvements
arrived out of solution implementation and providing appropriate training
on the standards.
Control : gpur;rpidia fl;Lg;gLj;Jjy;
Phases of Six Sigma
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11. PPM in Six Sigma
PPM vd;why; vd;d? ,J vq;F> vjid Fwpg;gpl gad;gLfpwJ?
 6σ-tpy; FiwghLfis Fwpg;gpl> PPM vd;w metric term gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.
 PPM vd;gJ Parts Per Million mjhtJ 10 ,yl;rj;jpw;F vt;tsT FiwghLfs;
tUfpwnjd;gij Fwpf;fpwJ.
 ,e;j PPM Kd;dh;;> thfd cw;gj;jp njhopw;rhiyfspy; juj;ij mstpl
gad;gLj;jg;gl;L> jw;NghJ gy;Jiw epWtdq;fspYk;> FiwghLfisf; Fwpg;gpl
xU nghJthd Kiwahf gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.
cjhuzk; : jahhpj;j 1>000 nghUl;fspy; 3 NlNk[; vd vLj;Jf;nfhz;lhy;>
3÷1000= 0.003 (m)0.3% 0.003 x 10,00,000 = 3,000 PPM
The PPM represents the number of defective units per 1 million units.
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12. PPM in Six Sigma
Six Sigma-tpd;; PPM level
 3.4 defective parts per million - 10 ,yl;rj;jpw;F 3.4 FiwghLfs;.
 99.99966% FiwghL mw;witfNs 6σ mstPl;bw;Fs; tUk;.
Sigma Level Defects per Million Opportunities PercentageYield
1σ 6,91,462 31%
2σ 3,08,537 69%
3σ 66,807 93.3%
4σ 6,210 99.38%
5σ 233 99.977%
6σ 3.4 99.99966%
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13. Tools Used in Six Sigma
 Kaizen
 Poka Yoke
 Pareto Chart
 Benchmarking
 Control Charts
 Design of Experiment
 Value Stream Mapping
 Failure Mode Effect Analysis
 Standard Operating Procedure
 Cause & Effect Diagram / Why-Why Analysis
 SIPOC analysis (Suppliers, Inputs, Process, Outputs, Customers)
Some Useful Tools & Techniques used in 6σ Analysis
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14. Benefits of Six Sigma
 Nt];l;fis Fiwf;fpwJ.
 tUthia mjpfhpf;fpwJ.
 Productivity-I mjpfhpf;fpwJ.
 nrytpdq;fis Fiwf;fpwJ..
 Process variation-I fl;Lg;gLj;JfpwJ.
 Customer satisfaction-I cWjp nra;fpwJ.
 kdpj kw;Wk; ,ae;jpuj;jpwid Nkk;gLj;JfpwJ
 NVA - kjpg;G juhj nray;ghLfisf; Fiwf;fpwJ
 Defects free products cw;gj;jpia cWjp nra;fpwJ
 Data based decision vLg;gjw;F cWJizahf cs;sJ
 jtW kw;Wk; jtW eilngWtjw;fhd tha;g;Gfisf; Fiwf;fpwJ
 jhkjq;fis Fiwj;J Procees-d; Ntfj;ij/nray;jpwid Nkk;gLj;JfpwJ.
Six Sigma-tpd; gad;fs;
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15. Certification Levels in Six Sigma
 6σ implementation-d; xU gFjpahf> Kjypy; General Electric, Motorola
Mfpa epWtdq;fs; rpy gapw;rp rhd;wpjo; jpl;lq;fis cUthf;fpd.
 mjd; gpd;dh; jw;NghJ gy mikg;GfSk; / epWtdq;fSk; ,jw;fhd
gapw;rpia mspj;J tUfpd;wd.
 ,e;j gapw;rp kw;Wk; rhd;wpjo; gbepiyia “Belt” vd miof;Fk; Kiw
tof;fj;jpy; cs;sJ.
 ,J njhlf;f epiy Kjy; cah;epiy tiu Yellow belt, Green belt, Black
belt, Master Black belt vd gapw;rp jUk; gy epWtdq;fshy; gythwhf
toq;fg;gLfpwJ.
Six Sigma rhd;wpjo; gbepiy
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16. Six Sigma - Dabbawala
 6σ Fwpj;J ghh;f;ifapy;> Kk;igapy; nray;gLk; dabbawala vd;w
czT tpepNahf mikg;ig gw;wpAk; njhpe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
 ngUk;ghYk; gbf;fhjth;fs; kw;Wk; Nky;epiyf;fy;tp gapyhjth;fshf
xd;wpide;J gzpahw;Wk; ,e;j mikg;gpy; cs;Nshh;> mYtyfj;jpy;
gzpahw;WNthUf;F mth;fs; tPl;by; jahhpf;Fk; czit Neuj;jpw;F
nfhz;L Nrh;f;Fk; gzpia nra;fpd;wdh;.
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17.  Dabbawala-tpd; gzpia 2010y; Ma;T nra;j Harvard Business School,
xU kpy;ypad; ghpth;j;jidfspy;> ntWk; 3.4f;Fk; Fiwthd jtWfNs
eilngWtij fz;lwpe;J> 6σ rhd;wpjo; toq;fp rpwg;gpj;Js;sJ.
 NkYk; gpugy Forbes ,jo;> Dabbawala-tpw;F 6σ nray;jpwd; kjpg;gPlhf
99.99999% Jy;ypaj;ij Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. mjhtJ 6 million delivery-y; xNu
xU jtW kl;LNk Neh;fpwJ.
 ,J Motorola, GE cs;spl;l gpugy epWtdq;fSld; xg;gpLifapy; mjpf
nray;jpwd; kjpg;gPl;il nfhz;ljhFk;.
 ve;jnthU nghpa njhopy;El;g cjtpapd;wpAk;> nghpa gbg;G VJkpd;wpAk;>
Ntiyia gpioapd;wp Kbf;f ,th;fs; vj;jifa strategy-fis
ifahSfpd;wdh; vd;gJ midtUk; njhpe;J nfhs;s Ntz;ba xd;whFk;.
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Six Sigma - Dabbawala

18. 5S Tamil - Basic https://www.slideshare.net/BalaMurugan272/5s-tamil
Quality Circle Ta
mil
(jutl;lk; jkpopy;)
https://www.slideshare.net/BalaMurugan272/quality-
circle-tamil
Kaizen Tamil
(nfa;rd;)
https://www.slideshare.net/BalaMurugan272/kaizen-9
6728468
Workplace Safety
https://www.slideshare.net/BalaMurugan272/workpla
ce-safety-93453644
PDCA /
Deming Wheel
https://www.slideshare.net/BalaMurugan272/pdca-ta
mil-119387518
7 Wastes
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-231751080
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19. Thank You
.
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Lean Management Professional
B.Sc(CS).,MBA.,MA(PM&IR).,M.Sc(Psy).,PHRM.,
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