This document provides information about a diploma program in counseling conducted in Kilinochchi, Sri Lanka from 2014-2015. It was organized by the National Institute of Social Development. The document outlines the objectives of counseling as helping individuals understand themselves better and resolve personal issues. It also discusses various counseling methods used, including introspection, experimental research methods, and objective observation techniques. Finally, the document emphasizes that the goal of counseling is to help clients gain insight into their problems and find effective solutions by facilitating open communication in a supportive environment.

1. DIPLOMA IN COUNSALLING
An Out-Reach Programme in Kilinochchi
2014-2015
Conducted by
The National Institute of Social Development (NISD)
No Name Re.No
01 Mr.R.Rajan DC/KD/2014/T/14
Course Code DIPC 115
Student’s Registration No DC/KD/2014/T/14
Assignment No 05
Date for Submission 28.12.2014

2. cstsj;Jiz Ma;tpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;jpid tpsf;fp Ma;tpd; tiffis
RUf;fkhf tpsf;Ff.

3. cstsj;Jiz mwpKfk;
,d;iwa cstsj;Jiz midj;J
JiwfspYk; rpwe;J tpoq;Ffpd;wJ. jw;fhy rpf;fy; tha;e;j cyfpy; kdpjd; gy;NtW rpukq;fis
vjph;nfhs;fpd;whd;. ngUk;ghyhd re;jh;g;gq;fspy; mtd; ,r;rthy;fis vjph;nfhs;Sk; rf;jpiag;
ngw;whYk; rpy re;jh;g;gq;fspy; mtdhy; mtw;iw vjph;nfhs;s Kbtjpy;iy. mr;re;jh;g;gq;fspy;
mjw;fhd tsq;fis mtd; nfhz;bUg;gjpy;iy. ,jd;NghJ jdJ FLk;gk; ez;gh;fs;> kjFUkhh;fs;>
mayth;fsJ MNyhridfisg;ngw;W ,g;gpur;rpidfis jPh;j;Jf;nfhs;fpwhd;. vdpDk; vy;yh
Neuq;fspYk; ,th;fsJ MNyhridfs; mtDf;F NghJkhdjhf mike;JtpLtjpy;iy. mJ mtidr;
rq;flg;gLj;JfpwJ vd;gij mth;fsplk; mtd; $wj;jaq;fyhk;. my;yJ mjidf;$w mth;fs;
nghUj;jkw;wth;fshf ,Uf;fyhk;. ,r;re;jh;g;gj;jpNyNa cstsj;Jiz kpfTk; gaDs;s xU topKiwahFk;.
cstsj;Jiz nrad;KiwahdJ kw;nwhU kdpj caphpy; gy;NtW khw;wq;fis Njhw;Wtpf;ff;$ba
kpfTk; rthyhd xU gzpahFk;. Jizahsh; xUtuJ Nehiaf;fz;Lgpbg;gtuy;y> Fwpj;j eghpdJ
gpur;rpidia jpwe;j kdJld; cd;dpg;ghfr;nrtpkLg;gtuhtu;. Nrit ehbNahL Nrh;e;J gzpahw;wp
mtuJ gpur;rpidfis Ghpe;J nfhz;L mjidj;jPh;f;f cjTgtuhth;.
,e;j tifapy; cstsj;Jiz NritahdJ xUtuJ gpur;rpidiag;Gupe;J nfhs;tjw;Fk; mtUf;F cjTtjw;Fk;
topfhl;Ltjw;Fkhd mtrpakhd topKiwhFk;. “jdpahs; xUth; jdJ gpur;rpidfis JizahsUld; Neupw;
fye;Jiuahb gpur;rpidf;F jPh;T fhZk; El;gNk cstsj;Jizr;NritahFk;” vd Nghbd; vd;w gpuNahf
cstpaywpQh; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whh;.
cstsj;Jiz Ma;T

4. nghUj;jkhdJk; KiwahdJkhd Kiwapaiyg; gad;gLj;jp; cs-r%fg; gpur;rpid vjph;Nehf;Fk;
Nritehbfs; kw;Wk; r%fj;jpw;F r%f gz;ghl;Lf; fyhrhu tpOkpaq;fisg; gpd;gw;wp
nghUj;jkhdJk; Mf;fg;g+h;tkhdJkhd jPh;it toq;Fk; nghUl;L elhj;jg;gLk; Mo;e;j tprhuizNa
cstsj;Jiz Ma;T vdg; nghUs;gLk;.
Ma;T mwpKfk;
Ma;T vd;gJ nka;ikapidf; fz;lwpAk; Gyikg;gapw;rp Mfpd;wJ. tpjpfs;> re;jh;g;gq;fs;>
Njhw;wg;ghLfs;> gz;Gfs;> mikg;Gf;fs;> $Wfs;> myFfs; vd;wthW vtw;iw mbnahw;wpAk;
Ma;Tfis mikf;fyhk;. Ma;T tuyhw;W tsh;r;rpapy; nka;apayhsh;fspd; gq;Fk;> gzpfSk;
rpwg;gplq;fisg; ngw;wpUe;jd. nka;apayhsh;fs; jUf;f Kiwik my;yJ msitapay; Kiwikiag;
(Logical Method) gad;gLj;jp nka;ikia mwpa Kl;gl;lhh;fs;. msitapay; Kiwikia mbg;gilahff;
nfhz;Nl fzpjf; fy;tpAk; jPtpu tsh;r;rpAs;sJ.
msitapay; Kiwik Ma;Tfisj; njhlh;e;J> tpQ;Qhd Kiwik> Ma;tpay; tuyhw;wpNy ngU
tsh;r;rpaile;jJ. tpQ;Qhd Kiwapd; Kf;fpakhd gz;G> mDgtepiy ghPl;rpj;jYf;F (EMPIRICALLY
TESTABLE) topaikj;jyhFk;. ,e;epiyapy; ghpNrhjidfNs nka;ikiaf; fz;lwptjw;Fhpa jpwTNfhy; vd
tpQ;Qhd Ma;Tfspy; fUjg;gl;lJ. tpQ;Qhd Kiwikia nrk;ikg;gLj;Jtjw;F msitapay; Kiwik
njhlh;e;Jk; cjtptUfpd;wJ.
Ma;tpd; gy;NtW epiyfs;
 mbg;gilfis Nehf;fpa Ma;Tfs;>
 gpuNahfq;fis Nehf;fpa Ma;Tfs;>
 gad;ghLfis Kd;ndLf;Fk; Ma;Tfs;>
Ma;T vd;gJ Gyik rhh;e;j xU njhopw;ghlhfpd;wJ. gpur;rpid ,dk; fhz;gJk;> gpur;rpidfSf;F
kPs;tbtk; nfhLg;gJk; Ma;tpd; njhlf;fkhfpd;wJ. vz;zf;Nfhs;fis (Hypothesis) cUthf;Fjy;> juTfis
Nrfhpj;jy;> xOq;fikj;jy;> GlkpLjy;> kjpg;gPL nra;jy;> njhFj;jy;> KbTfis Nehf;fptUjy;
vd;wthW Ma;tpd; ghpkhzq;fis tpsf;fpdhYk; Ma;T mj;Jiz vspjhdjd;W. eilKiwfspypUe;J
Nfhl;ghLfis Nehf;fp efh;jYk;> Nfhl;ghLfspypUe;J eilKiwfis mZFjYk; Ma;tpd; gpw
ghpkhzq;fshfpd;wd. Ma;tpd; topahf Nfhl;ghLfs;> tpjpfs; (Laws) fz;lwpag;gLjYk;> Ma;tpd;
Nkw;fpsk;gy; tbtq;fshfpd;wd. Ma;tpd; gpuNahfq;fspNy gaDilik (UTILITY) cl;nghjpe;jpUf;Fk;.

5. xU csr%f Ma;thsd;
• ,dq;fhzg;gl;l gpur;rpidf;F tpilia Njl Ntz;batuhfpd;whh;.
• Nkyjpfkhf fw;f J}z;lg;gLfpd;whh;.
• Kiwahd Kiwapy; fsj;jpy; ,Ue;J mwT> jpwd; kw;Wk; kdg;ghq;if tpUj;jpahf;f KaYthh;;.
vt;thW xU Ma;thsd; Ma;T tpdhit Jyf;Ffpd;whh;.
• Xh; Ma;T tpdh> Ma;it nra;gtiu rhpahd ghijapy; topelj;j cjTfpd;wJ.
• xU gpur;rpidf;fhd Gjph; vd;dntd mwpTk; nghUl;L xUtUila mwpthh;e;j Mh;tk;
kw;Wk; fzpg;G Mfpatw;iw J}z;Lfpd;wJ.
cstpay; Ma;TKiwfs;
cstpay; cz;ikfis Ma;e;J fz;L gpbg;gjw;F cstpay; epGzh;fs; gy Ma;T Kiwfisf; ifahSfpd;wdh;.
,it kdpjdpd; tsh;r;rp> mgptpUj;jp> elj;ij> mwpthw;wy;> MSik Mfpait gw;wpa tpguq;fisr;
Nrfhpg;gjw;Fk;> Nrfhpj;j tpguq;fisg; gFj;jha;e;J cstpay; Nfhl;ghLfis cUthf;Ftjw;Fk;>
nraw;gLj;Jtjw;Fk;> cstpay; rhh;e;j gpur;rpidfisj; jPh;g;gjw;Fk;> ,k;Kiwapay;fs;
gad;gLfpd;wd.
1. mfNehf;fy; Kiw - Method of Introspection
2. ghpNrhjid Kiw - Experimental Method
3. cw;W Nehf;fy; Kiw - Objective Observation
4. tpUj;jp Kiw - Developmental Method
5. tho;f;ifr; rk;gtg; gjpNtl;L Kiw - Anecdotae Method
6. tuyhw;W Ma;T Kiw - Case – History method
7. Gs;spapay; Kiw - Statistical Methods

6. 8. kUj;JtKiw - Clinical Method
9. r%f msitapay; Kiw - Sociomemetry
mfNehf;fy; Kiw (Method of Introspection)
cstpay; Ma;T Kiwfspy; kpf neLq;fhykhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gl;L te;j Kiwahf jw;Nrhjid Kiw
vdg;gLk; mfNehf;fy; Kiw fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jpy; cstpay; Ma;thsh; jdJ cs;sj;Js; vOk;
mDgtq;fisAk;> epfOk; khWjy;fisAk; mit epfOk; NghNj Muha;e;J> mtw;wpd; ,ay;Gfis
mwpa Kw;gLfpd;whh;. ,k;KiwapD}lhf vOk; KbTfs; MSf;F Ms; NtWglyhk;. cs;sj;jpy; vOk;
mDgtq;fis mit epfOk; NghNj Muha;tJ fbdkhdJ. ,k; Kiwikia mwpT Kjph;r;rpAilath;fNs
gad;gLj;Jjy; nghUj;jkhdjhFk;. FiwghLfs; ,Ug;gpDk; cstpay; Kiwfspy; mf Nehf;fy; Kiw
Kf;fpak; ngWfpd;wJ. cstpay; Ma;Tfspy; gy kdpjdJ cs;sj;Js; epfo;git> GyDzh;r;rpfs;>
tpk;gq;fs;> mfr;rhay;fs; Nghd;wtw;wpd; jd;ikfis mwpa mff;fhl;rp Kiwad;wp NtW VJk;
Kiwfs; gadspf;fhJ.
ghpNrhjid Kiw (Experimental Method)
cstpaiy xU tpQ;Qhdkhfg; ghpzkpf;f itj;jJ ghpNrhjid KiwNa MFk;. ghpNrhjid KiwAk;
cw;WNehf;fy; Kiwapd; xU gphpthfTs;sJ. ,g;ghpNrhjid Kiwapy; ngwg;gLk; KbTfisg;
gpwUk; rhpghh;f;fyhk;. ,d;W cstpay; Jiw njhlh;ghd ghpNrhjidf; $lq;fs; cyfk; KOtjpYk; cz;L.
,g;ghpNrhjid KiwNa cstpay; Ma;T Kiwfspy; rpwe;jjhff; nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wJ. jpl;ltl;lkhd fzpg;G
KiwfNshL ghpNrhjid Kiw ,ize;jjhff; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
cw;W Nehf;fy; Kiw (Objective Observation)
gpwuJ elj;ijfisj; njhlh;e;J $h;e;J ftdpj;J mjpypUe;J Njhd;Wk; cz;ikfis mwpAk; Kiw cw;W
Nehf;fy; Kiw vdg;gLk;. cstpaypd; cs;shh;e;j gz;Gfis mfNehf;fy; Kiwahy; mZFtJ Nghy;
Gwg;gz;Gfs; cw;W Nehf;fy; Kiwahy; kjpg;gplg;gLfpd;wJ. cw;W Nehf;fy; Kiwiaj;
njhlh;r;rpahff; ifahSk; NghJ jtWfs; ePf;fg;gl;L Kiwahd tpjpKiwfisf; fz;lwpayhk;.

7. ,d;W ,t; cw;W Nehf;fy; Kiw kpf etPd tsh;r;rp fz;Ls;sJ. Kiwahd gapw;rp ngw;w Nehf;fh;fs;
xNu rkaj;jpy; xUtdJ elj;ijia cw;WNehf;fp Fwpg;ngLj;jy;> elj;ijapd; gy $Wfis cw;W Nehf;fhJ
xU Fwpg;gpl;l $wpid kl;Lk; cw;W Nehf;FtJ> cw;W Nehf;fg;gLgtUf;Fj; njhpahkNy mtuJ
elj;ijfisf; $h;e;J ftdpg;gJ ,ij xUtopg;ghh;it fz;zhbfs; nghUj;jg;gl;l miwfspy; ,Ue;J
Nkw;nfhs;syhk;> kw;Wk; tPbNah fkuh. xypg;gjpTf; fUtpfs;> ,yj;jpudpay;
rhjdg;gjpTfspypUe;J elj;ijfis Kiwahfg; gjpTnra;J cw;W Nehf;fy; Kiw Ma;itr; rpwg;ghf
Nkw;nfhs;s KbAk;. ,jpy; gjpTfs; kpf Kf;fpakhdit.
tpUj;jp Kiw (Developmental Method)
xU kdpjdpd; Foe;ijg;gUtk; njhlq;fp Kjph;r;rpailAk; tiu mtdJ elj;ijfs; nkJthf tpUj;jpailfpd;wd.
Mz;Lf;F Mz;L> gUtj;jpw;F gUtk; mit khWgLfpd;wd. ,tw;iw Nehf;fp MuhAk; KiwNa
tpUj;jpKiw vdg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jpy; cw;W Nehf;fYk; mlq;FfpwJ. ,J ,Utifg;gLk;.
 xd;W xNu taJs;s Foe;ijfisr; rpy tUlq;fs; Nehf;Fjy; (neLq;Nfhl;L Kiw)>
 kw;iwaJ gytaJf; Foe;ijfis xNu rkaj;jpy; Nehf;fp mth;fsplk; fhzg;gLk;
NtWghLfspdpd;Wk; tsh;r;rpapd; Nghf;if mwpjy; (FWf;F ntl;L Kiw).
cstpaywpQh; gpahN[ ,k;KiwfspD}lhf gy Ma;Tfis epfo;j;jpdhh;.
tho;f;ifr; rk;gtg; gjpNtl;L Kiw (Anecdotae Method)
khdpl tho;f;ifapy; epfOk; rk;gtq;fis> epfo;Tfis mt;tg;NghJ Fwpj;J itj;jy;. Kf;fpa
gUtq;fspy; epfo;e;j epfo;r;rpfis me;epfo;r;rpf;Ff; Fwpj;jth; fhl;ba Jyq;fy;fis mtuJ kd
,ay;Gfisf; Fwpj;J gjpag;gLfpwJ. ,JTk; xUtif cw;W Nehf;fyhfNt cs;sJ. ,g;gjpTfspypUe;J
Njitahd NghJ jfty;fisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s KbAk;. ,k;Kiwapy; mftak;> fUj;Njw;wq;fs;> Cfq;fSf;F
re;jh;g;gq;fs; Vw;glyhk;. ,tw;wpd; jhf;fk; ,k;Kiw Ma;tpd; gad;ghl;ilf; Fiwj;JtpLk;. MNyhrid
topfhl;ly; Nritapy; tho;f;ifr; rk;gtg; gjpNtl;L Kiwik $Ljyhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
tuyhw;W Ma;T Kiw (Case - History method)

8. ,k;Kiwik newp gpwo; euk;G Neha; nfhz;l rpwhh;fis Ma;T nra;J rPh;jpUj;Jtjw;fhf
Muk;gpf;fg;gl;lJ. jw;NghJ midtUf;Fk; gaDs;s Xh; Ma;T KiwahfTs;sJ. Fwpj;j rpWth;>
mtUila #oy;> trpg;gplk;> tho;T vd;gd tuyhw;W hPjpahf Muhag;gl;L jfty;fs;
Nrfhpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. mtUila jw;Nghija tho;tpd; jhf;fq;fSf;F Kd;ida epiyfs; vt;thW fhuzkhf
,Ue;jd vd;gij Muha ,k;Kiw cjTk;. vy;NyhUk; ,k;Kiwiar; rhpahfg; gad;gLj;j KbahJ. ,jw;fhd
rhpahd gapw;rp ngw;w cskUj;Jth;> r%f Copah;> MrphpaNu ,t;tha;it Nkw;nfhs;syhk;.
Gs;spapay; Kiw (Statistical Methods)
,jpy; Muhag;gLk; cstpay; gpur;rpidAld; njhlh;Gila vy;yhg; Gs;sp tpguq;fSk; jpul;lg;gl;L>
gpd;dh; mit njhFf;fg;gl;L tifg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. ,it EZf;fkhd fzpj Kiwfspdhy;
Muhag;gLfpd;wd. ,Wjpapy; mg;gpur;rpidapd; nghJg;gz;Gfs; mwpag;gLfpd;wd. Ez;zwpT
,ay;Gfshy; fzpg;gPLfs;> kjpg;gPLfs;> jug;gLj;jy; nraw;ghLfSf;Fk; ,k;Kiw cjTfpd;wJ. NkYk;
tpdhf;nfhj;J Kiw> csg;gFg;G Kiw> fs Ma;T Kiw> etPd euk;gpay; tpQ;Qhd Kiw vd;gdTk;
cstpay; Ma;T Kiwfspy; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.
kUj;JtKiw (Clinical Method)
NjitfSf;F Vw;g ,k;Kiwapay; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. kd mOj;jk;> cs Neha;fs; cs;s rpWth;fs;>
nghpNahh;fsplkpUe;J Neha; jhf;fpa ehs;> Nehapd; mwpFwpfs;> cly;epiy> ,uj;j mOj;jk;>
rpWePh; Nghf;F> elj;ij> cly; NfhshWfs;> czh;r;rp trg;gLjy; epiy vd;gdtw;iw Kiwahf ,dk;
fz;L kUj;Jtk; nra;tij ,k;Kiwapay; vLj;jpak;Gfpd;wJ. ,jw;fhd kUe;J tiffSk; cs;sd. NkYk; ,J
njhlh;ghd Ma;Tfisr; nra;a gy etPd kUj;Jt tpQ;Qhdf; fUtpfSk; ghtidf;F te;Js;sd. etPd
kUj;Jttpay; rhjidfs; ,d;W cs mgptpUj;jp> cs Neha; ePf;fk; Mfpatw;wpy; ngUk;gq;if
tfpf;fpd;wd.
r%f msitapay; Kiw (Sociometry)
r%f myF> ghlrhiy> ghlrhiy tFg;giw Mfpa fsq;fspy; r%f cstpay; rhh;e;j Ma;Tfis elhj;j ,k;Kiw
gad;gLfpd;wJ. ,f;fsq;fspy; kdpjh;fspd; ,ay;Gfs;> kdg;ghd;ikfis mwpaTk;> gpwo;T eltbf;iffis

9. ePf;fTk; kw;Wk; el;Gzh;T> Gwf;fzpg;G> ntWg;G> xJq;fp tho;jy; Nghd;w ,ay;Gfspd; cs
mikg;gpay;Gfis MuhaTk;> r%fj; njhlh;ghly; kakhjiy Muha;e;J mse;jwpaTk;> r%f cstpay;
jhf;fq;fisf; fz;lwpaTk; ,k;Kiwapay; nghpJk; cjTfpd;wJ. ,d;iwa cyfpy; ,j;Jiwapd; tsh;r;rp kpf
NtfkhfTs;sJ.
Ma;T Kiwapay; (Research Methodology)
jfty; Nrfhpg;G Kiwfs;
1. Kjyhk; ju jfty;fs;
Neh;fhzy;>mtjhdk;> Mfpa Kiwfs; %yk; jfty;fs; Nrfhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,q;F fsMa;T
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ.
JizehbapdJ Muk;g elj;ijfs; kpf cd;dp;g;ghf mtjhdpf;fg;gl;lJld; mtuJ gpur;rpidAk; kpf cd;dpg;ghf
nrtpkLf;fg;gl;lJ. Nfs;tp Nfl;ly;> fpsWjy;> Ra ntspg;ghL> Kjypa cstsj;Jiz jpwd;fs; Kjyhk; ju
jfty;fisg; ngw nghpJk; cjtpd.
2. ,uz;lhk; ju jfty;fs;
JizehbapDila je;ijahuplkpUe;J jfty;fs; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;ld. mj;Jld; ghlrhiy mjpgH MrpupaHfs;
vd;NghuplkpUe;J jfty;fs; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;ld. NkYk; mjpfkhf Ehw;fs; ,izaj;jpypUe;J
Nrh;f;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,thplk;; Neh;fhzy; %yk; juT Nrfhpf;fggl;Ls;sJ tPl;L Ntiyf;fhf rpy Work sheets
fSk; gad;gLj;jg;;gl;Ls;sd.
juT gFg;gha;T Kiwapay; (Problem Analysis Methodology).
JizehbapdJ ,e;jg;gpur;rpid tptuzg;gFg;gha;T Kiw %yk; gFg;gha;T nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. JizehbapdJ
gpur;rpid njspthf cd;dpg;ghf nrtpkLf;fg;gl;l gpd; juTfs; Neh;fhzy; %yk; Nrfhpf;fg;gl;lJ.
ngUk;ghYk; ,j;jfty;fs; gz;Grhh; jfty;fshf ,Ug;gjdhy; tptuzg;gFg;gha;T Kiw %yk; ,j;jfty;;fs;
tpghpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
cstsj;Jizapy; gz;GuPjpapyhd Ma;T

10. • xU kdpjdpy; Vw;gLk; khw;wq;fspd; tpisTfis xd;WNrh;j;Jg; guPl;rpg;gjd; %yk;
tho;tpNyw;gLk; rpf;fy; neUf;fPLfs; kw;Wk; mtw;wpid vjph;nfhz;L ntw;wpnfhs;Sk;
Kiwfs; gw;wpa fw;wy;fs;
• fis mwpaTjTk; xU Kiw.
• jdpkdpj tpUj;jp> tho;tpyplk;ngw;w rk;gtq;fs; kw;Wk; epfo;Tfs;> cstpay; khw;wq;fis
Vw;Wf;nfhs;sy; kw;Wk; rkhspj;jy;> kdpj ePl;rpj;jd;ik kw;Wk; mwpif kjpg;gPL
gw;wpawpjy;
• rk;gtf;fw;if> jdpkdpj mDgtk;> cs;shh;e;j ntspg;ghL> Rarupij> Neh;fhzy;> gz;ghl;L
cUthf;fk;> cw;WNehf;fy;fs;> tuyhw;Wj; jfty;fs;> ghh;itf;FwpaPLfs;> Gifg;glq;fs;
kw;Wk; tPbNahf;fs; %ykhd MjhuG+h;tkhd ntspg;ghLfs; ntspf;nfhzug;gly;
cstpaypy; gz;GuPjpahd Ma;T
• Narrotology - tpguztpay;
• Grounded theory – mbkl;lf; Nfhl;ghl;L
• Case study – fw;ifr; rk;gtk;
• Phenomenology – Njhw;wg;ghl;bay;
gz;GuPjpahd Ma;tpy; juT Nrfupf;Fk; Kiwfs;
mtjhdpj;jy; - elj;ij khw;wq;fs;
• fsepiyapd; jd;ik
• gq;Fgw;Wdh; gw;wpa mwpT
• mtjhdpg;ghsupd; mwpT> jpwd; kdg;ghq;F
• elj;ijf;Nfhyk; kw;Wk; khw;wk;
• Njhw;wg;ghl;il mtjhdpj;jy;
mtjhdpf;fg;gLgth; gw;wpf; ftdpf;fg;gl Ntz;bait
• mtjhdpf;fg;gLgtupd; ,l mikT> Njhw;wg;ghLfis mwpe;jpUj;jy;
• mtjhdpg;gth; mtjhdk; njhlh;ghd jpwd;fisg; ngw;wpUj;jYk;> mJ njhlh;gpyhd gapw;rpfSk;.

11. • Neuk; kw;Wk; fhyk; mtjhdpj;jy;
• Ma;Tf;fhd #o;epiyiaj; njupe;jpUj;jy;
• jfty; Nrfupj;jy;
gz;GuPjpahd Ma;tpy; juT Nrfupf;Fk; Kiwfs;
Neh;fhzy;:
• fl;likg;G Neh;fhzy;
• fl;likg;gw;w Neh;fhzy;
Ma;thsd; filg;gpbf;f Ntz;ba tplaq;fs;
• xUtUila jdpj;Jtk; kw;Wk; eyd;fs;
• ghtpf;fg;gLk; njhopy;El;g jfty; toq;Fgth;fSf;F njspthf tpsq;ff;$bajhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.
• midj;J Mtzq;fSk; nghUj;jkhd uPjpapy; Mtzg;gLj;jg;gl;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;.
• Mspil /Ms;rhh; njhlh;ghly; njspthfg; ghtpf;fj; njhpe;jpUj;jy;.
• rpWth;fs; /Kjpath;fs; / ngz;fs; / tpNrl NjitAilNahiu kjpf;fj; njhpe;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;.
Ma;thsDf;Fk;> Ma;Tf;Fl;gLj;jg;gl;ltUf;Fkhd njhopy;thz;ikapyhd cwTepiy
• njhopy;thz;ikapyhd cwit Ngzy;
• ghypay; uPjpahd njhlh;ig jtph;j;jy;
• ghypay; uPjpahd njhe;juT kw;Wk; elj;ijfis jtph;j;jy;.
• mjhtJ Ma;Tf;Fl;gLj;jg;gLgth;fSf;F VjhtJ jPq;F ,iof;fg;gLfpd;w re;jh;g;gj;jpy; mjw;fhd
jPh;TfisAk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sy;.
cstsj;Jizapy; cstpay; nray;epiy Ma;Tfs;
kpfg;gioa tuyhw;Wf; fhyj;jpy; cstpay;> Md;kh gw;wpa mwptpayhfj; Njhd;wpaJ. gpd;dh;
mJ kdk; my;yJ cs;sk; vd;gjd; ,ay;Gfis tpsf;Fk; mwptpayhdJ. mLj;J kdpj edT> edtpypr;

12. nray;fs; gw;wpajhfTk;> kdpj elj;ij gw;wpajhfTk;> cs mikg;G mwpthh;e;jjhfTk;> ,d;W mJ
cah; khDltpay; rhh;e;jjhfTk; ghpzkpj;Js;sJ. ,J kdpj csr; nrad;Kiwfs;> elj;ijr; nrayhw;Wiffs;>
nghJ tpjpfs;> elj;ijf;Fg; gpd; mikAk; fhuzpfs;> jdpahh; Ntw;Wikfs;> mJ njhlh;ghd
gpur;rpidfs;> kdntOr;rpfs; njhlh;ghd gpur;rpidfs;> kdntOr;rpfs; njhlh;ghd Ma;thfTKs;sJ.
cstpay; MNyhrid toq;fy; rhh;e;j gy gpur;rpidfisr; nray;epiy jiyg;Gf;fspy; nray;epiy Ma;Tfshf
Nkw;nfhs;syhk;.
1. ,og;gpd; Jahpy; tpuf;jpapy; ,Uf;Fk; khztDf;F my;yJ jdpahSf;F cstpay;
hPjpahf MWjy; mspj;jy;
2. gy;NtW khzth;fspd; fy;tpj; juq;fis cah;j;Jjy;
3. ghpfhuf; fw;wy; KiwikfspD}lhf gpd;dilthd khzth;fisAk;> tpNl NjitAila
khzth;fisAk; ,dq;fz;L mth;fspd; fw;wiy Nkk;gLj;jy;
4. newp gpwo;e;jth;fisr; rPh;jpUj;jy;
5. khdpltpay; MSik mgptpUj;jpfis gy;NtW gUtj;jpdhplKk; Nkw;nfhs;sy;
6. Neuk; gpe;jptUk;> nghWg;Gzh;tw;w> tif $w Kbahj Copah;> Mrphpah;fisr;
rPh;jpUj;jy;
7. fl;bsikg; gUtj;jpdhpd; csKuz;ghLfs;> r%f tpNuhjg; Nghf;Ffis ePf;fy;
8. mdhij klk;> tNahjpg klq;fspypUg;NghUf;fhd cs MWjy; nrayhw;Wiffs;
9. csNeha; itj;jparhiyapYs;Nshh;> rpiwr;rhiyapYs;Nshh;fSf;fhd cs
Mw;Wg;gLj;jy;fs;
Ma;T tbtikg;G
Ma;Tg; gpur;rpidia ,dk; fz;lJk; Ma;T tbtikg;G (Research Design) Ma;thsh;fshy;
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;NghJ rpy mbg;gil tpdhf;fis vOg;Gjy; Ntz;Lk;
1. Ma;T ve;j cs;slf;fj;ij ,Wfg;gw;WfpwJ
2. ,e;j Ma;tpd; ,yf;Ffs; ahit

13. 3. Ma;T Vd; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wJ
4. vq;F Ma;T Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wJ
5. nghUj;jkhd jfty;fisAk;> juTfisAk; vq;F ngw;Wf;nfhs;syhk;
6. Ma;Tf;Fhpa fhy msT vd;d
7. Ma;tpw;Fhpa nryTfs; vd;d
8. vj;jifa cghaq;fis ifahz;L jfty;fisAk;> juTfisAk; ngWjy;
9. jfty;fisAk;> juTfisAk; vt;thW gFg;gha;T nra;ayhk;
10.Ma;twpf;ifia vt;thW jahhpf;fyhk;
cstsj;Jizapy;Ma;twpf;ifapd;Nehf;fk;
1. cstsj;Jizapd;NghJ Nfhl;ghLfs;> El;gq;fs;> jpwd;fs; vd;gdtw;iw gpuNahfpj;jy;;.
2. Jiz ehbapdJ gpur;rpidia ,dq;fhZjYk; nraw;jpl;lj;jpid tiujYk;.
3. gpur;rpidapd; tuyhw;iwAk; mjw;fhd fhuzpfisAk; fz;lwpjy;.
4. gpur;rpidapd; jhf;fj;jpid kjpg;gply; (jdpg;gl;l> FLk;g> FO> r%f uPjpahd jhf;fj;jpid
kjpg;gPL nra;jy;).
5. cstsj;Jizr; Nritia toq;Ftjw;fhd mbg;gilia tpUj;jp nra;jy;.
6. cstsj;Jiz njhlh;ghd gpuNahf mwptpidg; ngwy;
7. xU JizahsuJ ebgq;fpid (Role of Counsellor) mwpe;J nfhs;sy;
8. cstsj;Jiz rhh; El;gq;fisAk; jpwd;fisAk; tiuaWj;jy;
9. gpd;Dhl;ly; (Feedback), gapw;Wtpj;jy; (Coaching), cstsj;Jiz (Counselling)
Mfpatw;iw xg;gpl;Lk; NtWgLj;jpAk; ghh;j;jy;
10.cstsj;Jiz khjphpfis kPsha;T nra;jy; (Moudle Review)
11.JizehbapdJ MSik tpUj;jpf;F cjTjy;
12.KO epiwthd jpUg;jpahd ey;tho;T tho mwpTj; Njly;fSf;F mg;ghy; md;G mutizg;G
MjuT> el;GwT Nghd;w czh;r;rpj; Njitfis epiwNtw;wy;.

14. KbTiu
cstsj;Jiz nraw;ghl;bd; NghJ Ma;thdJ kpf Kf;fpa gq;fpid tfpf;fpd;wJ. Nritehbiag; gw;wpa
tuyhW kw;Wk; khw;wk; ghjpg;Gf;fs; fhuzfhhpa njhlHGfs; Mfpadtw;iwAk; tpisT kw;Wk;
ngWNgWfis mwptjw;F Ma;thdJ kpf Kf;fpakhd fhj;jpukhd gq;fpid tfpf;fpf;fpdwJ.
cstsj;Jiz nrad;Kiwapd; NghJ cstsj;JizahsH xt;nthU fl;l eltbf;ifapd;NghJ ,ay;ghfTk;
RajPdkhfTk; eltbf;iffisAk; gFg;gha;e;J Ma;T nra;fpd;whd;. ,t;thwhd Ma;T nrad;Kiwf;F
mbg;gil Ma;T Kiwfs; gw;wp G+uz mwpitAk; mjd; gpuNahfj;jpwidAk; cstsj;Jizahsd;
nfhz;bUg;gJ cstsj;Jiz Nritf;Fk; Jizehbapd; ghpfhuj;jpw;Fk; cstsj;Jizahshpd; njhopy;thz;ik
nray;ghl;bw;Fk; kpfTk; cWJizahf ,Uf;Fk;.