Town planning aims to promote planned development of human settlements through various tools and processes. It involves studying existing settlements, demographics, land use, infrastructure, and environment to identify issues and opportunities. Town planners then prepare proposed plans and policies to guide future growth, land use, housing, transportation, amenities, economy, heritage preservation, and phasing of development. The goal is to make settlements more livable, productive, and sustainable while ensuring public welfare through inclusive and sustainable planning.
- Radburn, New Jersey was developed in 1929 as a planned community in response to rapid urbanization and housing shortages in the United States. It was designed by Clarence Stein and Henry Wright based on principles of separating pedestrian and vehicular traffic and including ample green spaces. Key features included cul-de-sacs, footpaths, and clustering homes around a large interior park. The development aimed to provide a self-sufficient community for its residents.
This document provides a case study of the urban transformation of Shillong, India. It discusses how Shillong grew from a small settlement in the 19th century when the British made it the capital of Assam. Population growth accelerated it into a multifunctional city and regional center. In recent decades, Shillong has experienced rapid growth due to migration and development. This has transformed the urban structure through increased commercialization and density in the core area. The traditional lightweight built form is being replaced by modern high-rise buildings. This uncontrolled transformation is straining infrastructure and degrading quality of life due to a lack of planning and development controls. The study aims to understand this transformation and suggest policy guidelines to guide Shillong's
The document provides an overview of regional planning in Goa, India. It discusses the following:
1) Goa's regional plans from 2001 to the current 2021 plan which introduced bottom-up planning at the village level.
2) The objectives of the Regional Plan Goa 2021 which aim to create economic prosperity while protecting Goa's fragile ecosystems.
3) Key issues facing Goa like pressure on land, environmental degradation from tourism and mining, and the strategies the plan recommends like creating new growth centers and preserving the environment.
4) Details on mapping done as part of the plan to designate over 80% of land as eco-sensitive or regulated zones to control development.
This document provides a site analysis of Pantai Kerachut in Penang National Park, Malaysia. It includes location plans showing the site boundaries, contours, sections, and surrounding features like the Meromictic Lake and beach forest. Circulation plans depict pedestrian, vehicle, and boat paths. Climate charts show weather patterns and the lake's water level cycles. Landscape sections illustrate the vegetation distribution and elevations across the site. Key plants found in the area like Casuarina trees, Red Mangroves, and various medicinal herbs are described.
GARDEN CITY(garden city concept), the perfect blend of city and nature.
the preservation of agricultural and rural life, nature and heritage conservation, recreation, pollution minimization, and growth management as well as the city endowed the tradition of urban planning with a social and community dimensions.
- Radburn, New Jersey was developed in 1929 as a planned community in response to rapid urbanization and housing shortages in the United States. It was designed by Clarence Stein and Henry Wright based on principles of separating pedestrian and vehicular traffic and including ample green spaces. Key features included cul-de-sacs, footpaths, and clustering homes around a large interior park. The development aimed to provide a self-sufficient community for its residents.
This document provides a case study of the urban transformation of Shillong, India. It discusses how Shillong grew from a small settlement in the 19th century when the British made it the capital of Assam. Population growth accelerated it into a multifunctional city and regional center. In recent decades, Shillong has experienced rapid growth due to migration and development. This has transformed the urban structure through increased commercialization and density in the core area. The traditional lightweight built form is being replaced by modern high-rise buildings. This uncontrolled transformation is straining infrastructure and degrading quality of life due to a lack of planning and development controls. The study aims to understand this transformation and suggest policy guidelines to guide Shillong's
The document provides an overview of regional planning in Goa, India. It discusses the following:
1) Goa's regional plans from 2001 to the current 2021 plan which introduced bottom-up planning at the village level.
2) The objectives of the Regional Plan Goa 2021 which aim to create economic prosperity while protecting Goa's fragile ecosystems.
3) Key issues facing Goa like pressure on land, environmental degradation from tourism and mining, and the strategies the plan recommends like creating new growth centers and preserving the environment.
4) Details on mapping done as part of the plan to designate over 80% of land as eco-sensitive or regulated zones to control development.
This document provides a site analysis of Pantai Kerachut in Penang National Park, Malaysia. It includes location plans showing the site boundaries, contours, sections, and surrounding features like the Meromictic Lake and beach forest. Circulation plans depict pedestrian, vehicle, and boat paths. Climate charts show weather patterns and the lake's water level cycles. Landscape sections illustrate the vegetation distribution and elevations across the site. Key plants found in the area like Casuarina trees, Red Mangroves, and various medicinal herbs are described.
GARDEN CITY(garden city concept), the perfect blend of city and nature.
the preservation of agricultural and rural life, nature and heritage conservation, recreation, pollution minimization, and growth management as well as the city endowed the tradition of urban planning with a social and community dimensions.
The document discusses the history of urban planning in India from ancient to modern times. Some of the key points covered include:
- Ancient cities developed along rivers for communication and security during the Indus Valley civilization.
- Vedic texts like Shilpshastra provided guidance on town layouts and infrastructure.
- Buddhist emperor Ashoka's minister Kautilya's text Arthashastra outlined principles like road alignments and zoning.
- Mughal cities like Agra and Delhi were expanded with new features like gardens and monuments.
- The British established colonial towns and hill stations with a focus on hygiene and climate.
- Post independence, planned new capital cities were developed like Chandig
this presentation is about the problems in gurugram with the perspective of sustainability which arised due to some reasons. this also shows the zoning plan of the city.
Hill area development - Emerging Issues- Sustainable OptionsJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Paper describes in brief the role and importance of Hill areas in the development of the nation. It also tries to define the emerging problems which are being faced by these areas. Considering the present status of hill areas, paper tries to list few options/ steps which can be leveraged to make the hill areas more sustainable ,livable and promoters of quality of life for all communities living in both hills and plains
Lecture (second of three parts) for the 2018 UP Plano Board Exam Review Sessions; content credited to The City Reader (2016) and my Plan 201 learnings.
Patrick Geddes was a Scottish biologist, sociologist, geographer, philanthropist and pioneering town planner known as the "Father of Modern Town Planning". He introduced concepts like the "region" in architecture and planning. Geddes believed that a region influences and is influenced by the cities within it, represented by his "Geddian Trio" of activity, work, and place. He coined the term "conurbation" to describe merged cities and regions influenced by new transportation technologies. Some of Geddes' plans included the master plan for Tel Aviv which emphasized pedestrians, greenery, and civic spaces. He also developed the "constellation theory" of regional planning around groupings of interconnected cities.
This document summarizes the key aspects of a master plan submitted for a settlement. It discusses:
1. The need for master plans arose due to unplanned growth of cities following industrialization and wars, which led to overcrowding and lack of infrastructure.
2. A master plan is a statutory document that guides the orderly development of a city over a horizon year through land use planning and regulations. It addresses issues like transportation, housing, employment and provision of utilities and services.
3. The key components of the master plan submitted include analyses of the existing conditions, projected population and land requirements, and development proposals to organize land use and infrastructure over the plan period. It provides guidelines for implementation and monitoring of
Write up is an attempt to define and decipher , policy adopted by Singapore for providing housing in the island. Policy defines the system adopted in the island with land ownership vesting with state, houses being construct by Housing Development Board and leased for 99 years to the citizens. It also brings out limitations of the system.
1. Structure plans provide a framework to guide long-term development of an area by defining future land use, infrastructure, and other key features while protecting the environment.
2. The document discusses structure plans for Bangalore and Whangarei regions, outlining the planning process, key issues addressed, and implementation.
3. Structure plans coordinate development over large areas and multiple land owners, ensure compatible patterns of growth, and provide certainty about infrastructure and character of development.
The National Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana (HRIDAY) scheme aims to preserve and revitalize 12 heritage cities in India. The scheme supports infrastructure projects around heritage sites to improve services like water, sanitation, and tourism amenities. It also aims to develop heritage inventories, enhance livelihoods, and increase accessibility and security in the cities. The 12 cities selected are Ajmer, Amaravati, Amritsar, Badami, Dwarka, Gaya, Kanchipuram, Mathura, Puri, Varanasi, Velankanni, and Warangal.
- Magarpatta City was developed by 120 farmers in Pune who pooled their agricultural land to form an organized township development. This resulted in India's largest private real estate development worth Rs. 4000 crore.
- The farmers recognized the development potential of their land and sought to profit from urbanization rather than have their land taken over by the government. They developed a fully planned community with residential, commercial, and IT components following all legal procedures.
- The project benefited farmers greatly through land appreciation and profit-sharing. It provided housing and jobs while enhancing Pune's infrastructure and economy. The model organized farmers as entrepreneurs rather than laborers and could inspire future township developments.
The document summarizes several projects in India that have received 5-star ratings from GRIHA, India's green building rating system. Suzlon-One Earth is a renewable energy campus that harvests 100% of rainwater and recycles greywater, with 7% of energy from on-site sources. ZED Earth is a geothermally air-conditioned apartment project with native drought-resistant plants on green roofs. ITC Grand Chola meets 100% of its energy needs through renewables and sources 40% of food locally, recycling 99% of waste. Govardhan Eco Village sources 90% of construction materials within 100 km to reduce its carbon footprint. Infosys Hyderabad campus reduces energy
This document discusses the hierarchy of urban green spaces in cities. It aims to study the relationship between urban greens and city structure, ecology, and character. The objectives are to define urban green, identify limitations to green space growth, discuss integration of greens at different scales (city, neighborhood, street, building), analyze case studies, and compare existing scenarios to standards. It then discusses types of urban green spaces like parks and greenways. The benefits of urban green spaces are also outlined, including environmental, social, and economic advantages. The document analyzes Chandigarh as a case study for its meticulously planned hierarchy of open spaces integrated throughout the city. It describes the city's green areas like the Leisure Valley and major parks
The document discusses the urban development of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia over time. It notes that new villages were established during the Malayan Union and population growth led to development along the Gombak River. Kuala Lumpur was declared the capital of Malaya which expanded development north and east. Coarse-grained urban fabric emerged in Bukit Bintang as KL became a Federal Territory. As Malaysia globalized, coarse-grained architecture became more abundant in Bukit Bintang while fine-grained architecture became less apparent.
Jaipur, the capital of Rajasthan, was founded in 1727 by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II. It has a population of over 3 million today. Jaipur is known as the "Pink City" due to its distinctive pink-colored buildings. It was planned according to the Shilpa Shastra, with a grid layout of nine blocks divided by wide thoroughfares, and included public squares and markets. This strategic town planning makes Jaipur one of the first planned cities in India.
This presentation covers the Urban Planning stages of Bhubaneswar, one of India's first modern cities along with Jamshedpur and Chandigarh. This city, the current capital of the coastal state of Odisha, was planned the German architect and urban planner, Otto Konigsberger, who also happens to be the author of 'Manual of Tropical Housing and Building.'
1.4 town planning ancient india vedic buddha periodSachin PatiL
Necessity scope principles of Town Planning,
Present status of town planning in India,
Contribution of town planners in modern era,
Sir Patrick Geddes,
Sir Ebenezer Howard,
Clarence stein,
Sir Patrick Abercrombie,
Le Corbusier,
The document provides a summary of the Master Development Plan for Jaipur, India through 2025. Key points include:
- Jaipur is the capital and largest city of Rajasthan located at an altitude of 431 meters with an area of 798 square kilometers.
- The plan envisions Jaipur becoming a technology powered, heritage-focused city that is pollution free and garbage free.
- The population is projected to grow to 64.95 lakhs by 2025, increasing the workforce to 22.75 lakhs.
- Housing demand is expected to rise significantly by 2025 requiring expansion of supply.
- Tourism is a major industry thanks to the city's cultural heritage and inclusion in the
Public Spaces form a major part of the society, temples and spaces around the temple have interesting spaces , the quality of these spaces are absent in todays urbanized buildings. The journey through these heritage buildings become an experience unlike malls in today‟s cities where the journey is restricted, where you know where you will get to, but spaces like streets and the life here has something to be discovered, A story to tell. In this paper I have studied mylapore as a area and the way it got transformed as we see it today.
The interesting spaces in and around the temple.
Defreezing master plans to create better master plansJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Paper tries look at,critically and objectively, the present system of preparing master plans/ development plans in India and suggests strategies and methodology to make it more rational, focused and user friendly by changing its intent, contents, scope and methodoloy
Redefining master plans to promote smart and sustainable cities JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Master plans/ Development Plans, used as the most potent weapon by the town planner, to promote planned and orderly development has done more damage than good to the cities. Consuming large span of time, involving lot of manpower and requiring considerable resources, master plans has made planners chase the development instead of leading the development. Rigidity of master plans, based on defining the use of every piece of land, has made the master plans irrelevant, irrational and illogical in the face fast changing urban dynamics. Master plans, prepared for a period spanning over two decades, try to freeze the city. As planners, when we do not know our own future, what competency, capacity, expertise and capability we have to define the future of the cities. In the process, majority of cities have been suffering from illegal, sub-standard, haphazard and unplanned growth. Master plans have accordingly, emerged as the major road block in promoting planned urban development and making cities sustainable . For promoting planned development and making city growth both rational and dynamic, focus of planning should be on redefining and putting in place a new order of urban planning, development options and management strategies besides suggesting new format of Master Plans to make cities smart, more humane, equitable, just, efficient, productive, sustainable and providers of assured quality of life to all existing and future urban residents including poorest of the poor.
The document discusses the history of urban planning in India from ancient to modern times. Some of the key points covered include:
- Ancient cities developed along rivers for communication and security during the Indus Valley civilization.
- Vedic texts like Shilpshastra provided guidance on town layouts and infrastructure.
- Buddhist emperor Ashoka's minister Kautilya's text Arthashastra outlined principles like road alignments and zoning.
- Mughal cities like Agra and Delhi were expanded with new features like gardens and monuments.
- The British established colonial towns and hill stations with a focus on hygiene and climate.
- Post independence, planned new capital cities were developed like Chandig
this presentation is about the problems in gurugram with the perspective of sustainability which arised due to some reasons. this also shows the zoning plan of the city.
Hill area development - Emerging Issues- Sustainable OptionsJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Paper describes in brief the role and importance of Hill areas in the development of the nation. It also tries to define the emerging problems which are being faced by these areas. Considering the present status of hill areas, paper tries to list few options/ steps which can be leveraged to make the hill areas more sustainable ,livable and promoters of quality of life for all communities living in both hills and plains
Lecture (second of three parts) for the 2018 UP Plano Board Exam Review Sessions; content credited to The City Reader (2016) and my Plan 201 learnings.
Patrick Geddes was a Scottish biologist, sociologist, geographer, philanthropist and pioneering town planner known as the "Father of Modern Town Planning". He introduced concepts like the "region" in architecture and planning. Geddes believed that a region influences and is influenced by the cities within it, represented by his "Geddian Trio" of activity, work, and place. He coined the term "conurbation" to describe merged cities and regions influenced by new transportation technologies. Some of Geddes' plans included the master plan for Tel Aviv which emphasized pedestrians, greenery, and civic spaces. He also developed the "constellation theory" of regional planning around groupings of interconnected cities.
This document summarizes the key aspects of a master plan submitted for a settlement. It discusses:
1. The need for master plans arose due to unplanned growth of cities following industrialization and wars, which led to overcrowding and lack of infrastructure.
2. A master plan is a statutory document that guides the orderly development of a city over a horizon year through land use planning and regulations. It addresses issues like transportation, housing, employment and provision of utilities and services.
3. The key components of the master plan submitted include analyses of the existing conditions, projected population and land requirements, and development proposals to organize land use and infrastructure over the plan period. It provides guidelines for implementation and monitoring of
Write up is an attempt to define and decipher , policy adopted by Singapore for providing housing in the island. Policy defines the system adopted in the island with land ownership vesting with state, houses being construct by Housing Development Board and leased for 99 years to the citizens. It also brings out limitations of the system.
1. Structure plans provide a framework to guide long-term development of an area by defining future land use, infrastructure, and other key features while protecting the environment.
2. The document discusses structure plans for Bangalore and Whangarei regions, outlining the planning process, key issues addressed, and implementation.
3. Structure plans coordinate development over large areas and multiple land owners, ensure compatible patterns of growth, and provide certainty about infrastructure and character of development.
The National Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana (HRIDAY) scheme aims to preserve and revitalize 12 heritage cities in India. The scheme supports infrastructure projects around heritage sites to improve services like water, sanitation, and tourism amenities. It also aims to develop heritage inventories, enhance livelihoods, and increase accessibility and security in the cities. The 12 cities selected are Ajmer, Amaravati, Amritsar, Badami, Dwarka, Gaya, Kanchipuram, Mathura, Puri, Varanasi, Velankanni, and Warangal.
- Magarpatta City was developed by 120 farmers in Pune who pooled their agricultural land to form an organized township development. This resulted in India's largest private real estate development worth Rs. 4000 crore.
- The farmers recognized the development potential of their land and sought to profit from urbanization rather than have their land taken over by the government. They developed a fully planned community with residential, commercial, and IT components following all legal procedures.
- The project benefited farmers greatly through land appreciation and profit-sharing. It provided housing and jobs while enhancing Pune's infrastructure and economy. The model organized farmers as entrepreneurs rather than laborers and could inspire future township developments.
The document summarizes several projects in India that have received 5-star ratings from GRIHA, India's green building rating system. Suzlon-One Earth is a renewable energy campus that harvests 100% of rainwater and recycles greywater, with 7% of energy from on-site sources. ZED Earth is a geothermally air-conditioned apartment project with native drought-resistant plants on green roofs. ITC Grand Chola meets 100% of its energy needs through renewables and sources 40% of food locally, recycling 99% of waste. Govardhan Eco Village sources 90% of construction materials within 100 km to reduce its carbon footprint. Infosys Hyderabad campus reduces energy
This document discusses the hierarchy of urban green spaces in cities. It aims to study the relationship between urban greens and city structure, ecology, and character. The objectives are to define urban green, identify limitations to green space growth, discuss integration of greens at different scales (city, neighborhood, street, building), analyze case studies, and compare existing scenarios to standards. It then discusses types of urban green spaces like parks and greenways. The benefits of urban green spaces are also outlined, including environmental, social, and economic advantages. The document analyzes Chandigarh as a case study for its meticulously planned hierarchy of open spaces integrated throughout the city. It describes the city's green areas like the Leisure Valley and major parks
The document discusses the urban development of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia over time. It notes that new villages were established during the Malayan Union and population growth led to development along the Gombak River. Kuala Lumpur was declared the capital of Malaya which expanded development north and east. Coarse-grained urban fabric emerged in Bukit Bintang as KL became a Federal Territory. As Malaysia globalized, coarse-grained architecture became more abundant in Bukit Bintang while fine-grained architecture became less apparent.
Jaipur, the capital of Rajasthan, was founded in 1727 by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II. It has a population of over 3 million today. Jaipur is known as the "Pink City" due to its distinctive pink-colored buildings. It was planned according to the Shilpa Shastra, with a grid layout of nine blocks divided by wide thoroughfares, and included public squares and markets. This strategic town planning makes Jaipur one of the first planned cities in India.
This presentation covers the Urban Planning stages of Bhubaneswar, one of India's first modern cities along with Jamshedpur and Chandigarh. This city, the current capital of the coastal state of Odisha, was planned the German architect and urban planner, Otto Konigsberger, who also happens to be the author of 'Manual of Tropical Housing and Building.'
1.4 town planning ancient india vedic buddha periodSachin PatiL
Necessity scope principles of Town Planning,
Present status of town planning in India,
Contribution of town planners in modern era,
Sir Patrick Geddes,
Sir Ebenezer Howard,
Clarence stein,
Sir Patrick Abercrombie,
Le Corbusier,
The document provides a summary of the Master Development Plan for Jaipur, India through 2025. Key points include:
- Jaipur is the capital and largest city of Rajasthan located at an altitude of 431 meters with an area of 798 square kilometers.
- The plan envisions Jaipur becoming a technology powered, heritage-focused city that is pollution free and garbage free.
- The population is projected to grow to 64.95 lakhs by 2025, increasing the workforce to 22.75 lakhs.
- Housing demand is expected to rise significantly by 2025 requiring expansion of supply.
- Tourism is a major industry thanks to the city's cultural heritage and inclusion in the
Public Spaces form a major part of the society, temples and spaces around the temple have interesting spaces , the quality of these spaces are absent in todays urbanized buildings. The journey through these heritage buildings become an experience unlike malls in today‟s cities where the journey is restricted, where you know where you will get to, but spaces like streets and the life here has something to be discovered, A story to tell. In this paper I have studied mylapore as a area and the way it got transformed as we see it today.
The interesting spaces in and around the temple.
Defreezing master plans to create better master plansJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Paper tries look at,critically and objectively, the present system of preparing master plans/ development plans in India and suggests strategies and methodology to make it more rational, focused and user friendly by changing its intent, contents, scope and methodoloy
Redefining master plans to promote smart and sustainable cities JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Master plans/ Development Plans, used as the most potent weapon by the town planner, to promote planned and orderly development has done more damage than good to the cities. Consuming large span of time, involving lot of manpower and requiring considerable resources, master plans has made planners chase the development instead of leading the development. Rigidity of master plans, based on defining the use of every piece of land, has made the master plans irrelevant, irrational and illogical in the face fast changing urban dynamics. Master plans, prepared for a period spanning over two decades, try to freeze the city. As planners, when we do not know our own future, what competency, capacity, expertise and capability we have to define the future of the cities. In the process, majority of cities have been suffering from illegal, sub-standard, haphazard and unplanned growth. Master plans have accordingly, emerged as the major road block in promoting planned urban development and making cities sustainable . For promoting planned development and making city growth both rational and dynamic, focus of planning should be on redefining and putting in place a new order of urban planning, development options and management strategies besides suggesting new format of Master Plans to make cities smart, more humane, equitable, just, efficient, productive, sustainable and providers of assured quality of life to all existing and future urban residents including poorest of the poor.
Redefining master plans for smart and sustainable citiesJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Master plans have traditionally focused on rigid land use planning, but this has made cities inflexible and unable to adapt to dynamic urban growth. It has also promoted unequal and unsustainable development. There is a need to redefine master plans to make cities more smart, sustainable, and equitable. New master plans should be flexible, community-oriented, and focus on transit-oriented compact development, energy efficiency, and inclusiveness. They should involve a variety of experts and stakeholders and use new technologies to guide sustainable urban form and development over time rather than rigidly defining land uses. The goal is to minimize urban problems and make cities higher quality places for all residents.
Redefining master plans for smart and sustainable citiesJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Paper tries to relook at the master plan in its prevalent form , content and procedure and tries to redefine the agenda for making it a positive tool for leveraging the sustainable development of urban settlements
Redefining Master Plans to Promote Smart and Sustainable CitiesIRJET Journal
This document discusses redefining master plans to promote smart and sustainable cities. It begins by noting that traditional master plans based on rigid land use planning have made cities inflexible and unsustainable, ignoring urban dynamism. The document argues for a new approach to master planning that makes cities more humane, equitable, efficient, and provides a good quality of life for all residents. It discusses how global urbanization trends show most of the world's population now lives in cities, and cities in India are growing rapidly without proper planning. The challenges of meeting housing, infrastructure, and service needs in a sustainable way are discussed. The document concludes that India must harmonize urban growth and development through effective urban planning to make cities smart and rational as
Strategies for Planning Smart and Sustainable CitiesJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Smart city remains a misnomer. No city on planet earth can claim to be smart. Experts are still searching the soul of smart city in order to precisely define it .Unfortunately smart city has become a money spending/spinning exercise for few individuals/agencies. Entire concept of smart city has been made technology centric, minimizing the role and importance of human beings. In addition, role of Town Planners in smart city has been totally marginalized. How can a city be made smart without intervention of planning and planners. Smart city as a concept has been copied globally to promote operational efficiency and productivity of the cities , with minimum concern for human growth and development. Addressing issue of poverty and making city livable for all should be the agenda of urban growth and development. In the face of homeless people , absence of basic amenities and facilities essential of human living, making city’s smart will be a fallacy and prove to be counterproductive. Cities do not exist in isolation and require the support of rural hinterland. Dealing cities alone by excluding villages will invariably lead to lopsided growth of cities because genesis of majority of urban ills has roots in the neglect of the rural areas. Urban areas must do handholding for the rural areas for synergizing mutual strength and to usher a new era of rational growth. Smart city concept must focus on empowering human being/ living, making them more skilled, create options for meeting the basic human needs and removing the curse of poverty and unemployment.
As integral part of human history, cities have emerged as great places to live, work and do business. Cities symbolise the dreams, hopes and aspirations of society. Driving infrastructure and technologies, cities are fast becoming hub of economic and technical innovations. Dictating economy, generating employment, determining quality of life, promoting ideas and innovations besides providing quality infrastructures, cities remain crucial to human growth, development and happiness. Despite distinct advantages, cities also represent chaos, disorder, dualities and contradictions. Polarised cities, showing great contrasts of wealth and poverty, lack capacity, capability and will to meet basic needs of shelter, healthcare, education, water and sanitation. In the process, majority of urban residents are being marginalised with quality of life fast becoming nightmare for people opting for making cities and towns, as their preferred place of residence. Population, poverty, pollution and exclusion have emerged the hallmarks of Indian urbanisation. As consumers of enormous energy /resources and generators of large waste, ecological footprints of cities are growing very fast, promoting green- house gas emissions and global warming. With urban population projected to reach 590 million in 2030, greatest challenge before parastatal agencies, professionals and administrators remains, how to harmonise the urban growth with quality of life and make cities great , happy and smart place to live and work. If genesis of problems of climate change, global warming, rising temperature, ozone depletion and rising carbon footprints is in cities then solution for such problems are also embedded in cities. Search for solutions to make cities safe, resilient, inclusive and sustainable would fall in the domain of rationalising prevailing planning, development and management practices; re-defining new order of urban planning, ; leveraging technology; rationalising travel; promoting governance and re-defining design strategies for built environment.
Strategies for Planning Smart Cities in IndiaJIT KUMAR GUPTA
This document discusses strategies for planning smart cities in India. It outlines that as urban populations grow, cities must be planned to promote quality of life, efficiency, and sustainability. New approaches to urban planning are needed that are people-centric, flexible, and promote inclusion, equity and opportunities for all residents. Cities must also be planned compactly and vertically to reduce resource use, pollution and travel needs. Smart buildings that are energy efficient through design and technology will be important for making cities sustainable.
Paper is an attempt to look at the Indian urban settlements in terms of their planning, designing, travel, buildings etc, identify problems they have and options which can be leveraged to make them more effective, efficient, livable, productive and sustainable
This document provides an overview of advancements in city design. It discusses how city design has evolved over time from organically growing cities to more planned cities with modern technology and aesthetics prioritized. The document outlines the table of contents and abstract of an independent study on advancements in city design. It covers the background and history of city development, highlights elements of good urban design like transportation and facilities, and discusses how modern cities are pursuing optimized land use and architectural aesthetics to improve livability. The research aims to analyze disparities in city designs and define standards for infrastructure and aesthetics to promote urban prosperity.
Paper is an attempt to define the role and importance of smart cities in the context of state of art planning and design to promote happiness among the residents and stakeholders of the city .
This document provides an overview of an introductory course on urban and regional planning. It covers 5 parts:
1. The beginnings of planning and urbanism, discussing early civilizations.
2. An overview of urban and regional planning, including definitions of planning, why it is needed, and the planning process.
3. The role of planners in the built environment as umpires, technocrats, economic planners, and environmental guardians.
4. Urban and regional planning in Malaysia, including relevant acts and plans as well as public participation.
5. Sustainable planning principles like smart growth, new urbanism, and their integration into decision making.
Urbanization refers to the population shift from rural to urban areas. Rapid urban growth has both positive and negative impacts on town planning. Positively, it can increase economic production and provide better opportunities and services. However, it can also lead to issues like urban sprawl, traffic, and pollution as megacities struggle to provide infrastructure for large populations. Effective town planning requires statutory development plans that provide strategies and proposals to manage growth, as well as regional plans that focus on balanced development across connected urban and rural areas.
Planning Smart cities- Concepts and Practices.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Planning remains universal for making cities growth rational and logical. In the absence of planned development, cities cannot be made to grow in an orderly manner. Planners have been making cities different and distinct using different agenda for planning and development of cities. Currently planners are making cities safe, resilient, sustainable and livable. Many nations are vouching to make cities smart. Smart city is not a new concept .It has been followed globally to improve the quality of living and promote operational efficiency and productivity of the cities. It is an attempt to make cities more livable, sustainable and for creating a brand image to attract investment and make them a tourist destination. Globally , smart cities are characterized by high degree of environmental consciousness; using information technology to promote energy/ resources efficiency; creation of knowledge infrastructure; promoting sustainable economic development and high quality of life; ensuring wise management of natural resources through participatory action. According to Forbe, the structure of smart cities will have to be built on eight pillars involving: ‘smart governance, smart energy, smart buildings, smart mobility, smart infrastructure, smart technology, smart healthcare and smart citizens. Based on detailed studies and in depth analysis made of the most successful case studies globally, as how to transform cities into great places to live and make a city great, Mckinsey’s suggests three pronged strategies involving, achieving smart growth, do more with less and win support for change. Considering the entire gamut of urban settlements , a city can be made Smart only if it is planned smart, developed smart, operated smart, financed smart and governed smartly .
Urban planning concept,principles and elementes TeshagerMengesha
This document summarizes key elements of urban planning, including:
1) Elements of urban planning such as communications, built-up areas, open areas, public utility services, and public amenities.
2) Principles of urban planning including green belts, housing, transportation, recreation, zoning, public buildings, and road systems.
3) Concepts of urban planning like the Garden City Concept which proposed self-contained settlements that balance urban and rural lifestyles.
town planning on SlideShare, one of the lecture of town planningZubairRahoojo
Town planning is the process of managing land resources and controlling existing and new developments to ensure future requirements are met. It involves analyzing social, economic, and physical characteristics of an area to establish development objectives and coordinate land use with infrastructure. The goals of town planning include removing slums, providing housing and basic services, organizing transportation and communication, allocating space for industry, parks, and public facilities, and arranging for education, health services, and sanitation. As urban populations grow rapidly, town planners must create sustainable and resilient communities that accommodate diverse human needs.
APPLICATION OF GIS FOR URBAN PLANNING amp MANAGEMENT.pdfWendy Belieu
This document discusses the application of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for urban planning and management. It begins by defining geomatics and its various components like remote sensing, GIS, GPS, which can be used to balance human and natural resource development. The document then discusses how rapid urbanization in India has led to problems with uncontrolled growth and impacts infrastructure and services. It emphasizes the role of urban planning in facilitating sustainable and efficient development. The key components and stages of urban planning processes like master plans, development plans and projects are described. The role of GIS in activities like land use mapping, analysis of urban growth, infrastructure planning, and future planning is highlighted. In summary, the document outlines how GIS and its spatial analysis capabilities
Promoting Urban Environment Through Eco- CitiesJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Paper tries to define the role and importance of environmentally sustainable cities to promote urban environment , minimises carbon footprints and reduce global warmng
Regional planning deals with the efficient placement of land uses, infrastructure, and settlement growth across a larger area than an individual city or town. A region can be defined based on homogeneous physical characteristics or human activities within clearly defined boundaries. There are three main types of regions - formal, functional, and vernacular. Formal regions have official boundaries like states or districts, while functional regions are defined by economic interdependencies between places. Planning regions are used for comprehensive development and depend on the country's multi-level planning system, using generally administrative regions as planning units.
-Redefining and Rationalising Development Controls - Copy.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Globally recognised as engines of physical, social , economic growth and development, cities have been valued to be the future of humanity and communities. Housing major proportion of population, generating large employment; making major contribution to the economy; and providing quality infrastructure besides supporting and innovating state of art technologies, cities remain relevant and important for defining the agenda for growth and development of any state and communities. However, despite having large number of positivities; cities are also known for its dualities, contradictions, positivities and negativities. If cities have been promoting prosperity, they have also been at the forefront of promoting poverty, pollution, unplanned, haphazard, sub-standard development, climate change and global warming. Looking holistically, problems related to climate change , global warming and rising carbon footprints, environment and bio-diversity, can be largely attributed to the manner in which cities are being planned , manage and governed and buildings are being designed, constructed and operated. In the process, cities, as manmade entities, are fast emerging as embodiment of unplanned , haphazard and sub-standard development.
Globally ,it has been recognised that majority of urban ills have genesis in the typologies of Development Controls , made applicable at the local level for regulating the sub-division of land, determining land uses ; planning of the cities and designing, construction and operation of the built environment. In order to promote planned development, cities have been trying to experiment, invent, revise, review and rationalise the Development Controls periodically.
Capital cities like Chandigarh have clearly demonstrated the role and relevance of Development Controls in ushering an era of state of art urban development and creating quality-built environment. Chandigarh has also showcased that if Development Controls are not reviewed and revised periodically, they can prove to counter- productive and become a perpetual liability for the city and its development.
Considering the role , relevance and importance of Development Controls in making urban development rational and sustainable, there is an urgent tp look critically, objectively and holistically, at the context, genesis, intent and contents of different Development Controls made applicable in the urban settings in general and Capital city of Chandigarh in particular.
Providing a rational, realistic, effective and efficient framework for making Development Controls, more transparent, objective, community focussed, effective , efficient, rational and productive will remain critical to promote planned development and make cities more sustainable and better place to live and work.
Similar to Town planning - A Tool to Promote Holistic Development of Human settlements (20)
Heritage Conservation.Strategies and Options for Preserving India HeritageJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation looks at the role , relevance and importance of built and natural heritage, issues faced by heritage in the Indian context and options which can be leveraged to preserve and conserve the heritage.It also lists the challenges faced by the heritage due to rapid urbanisation, land speculation and commercialisation in the urban areas. In addition, ppt lays down the roadmap for the preservation, conservation and making value addition to the available heritage by making it integral part of the planning , designing and management of the human settlements.
Role and Relevance of Architects and architecture in SustainabilityJIT KUMAR GUPTA
This brief text on Role, Relevance and importance of Architects and profession of Architecture in making this world and human settlements more livable, climate responsive and sustainable has been prepared as commitment of the professionals and profession of Architects on this World Environment Day ; June 5th , 2024 , with the hope that profession would be understood, valued ,appreciated and empowered in the right context for enabling it play its designated role in making built environment qualitative, cost-effective, energy-efficient, eco-friendly, safe and sustainable.
Bridging gap between resources and responsibilities at Local level.JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Text refers to need, role, relevance and importance of empowering urban local bodies by bridging gap between resources available and responsibilities bestowed, for enabling ULBs to operate and function as institutions of local governance more effectively and efficiently.
Construction Industry Through Artificial Intelligence -.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Considering the role, relevance and importance of construction sector in promoting economy, generating employment and creating wealth besides providing infrastructures and amenities, there is need to make the sector more effective, efficient, productive and sustainable. Driven manually, construction sector remains in the slow lane of creating quality built environment which are cost-effective, energy efficient, least consumers of resources and generators of waste. Artificial intelligence can help and empower the construction to make it more valuable, productive and qualitative besides supportive of environment and ecology. However, construction sector must be ready to co-operate and collaborate with IT industry to look for options and opportunities to make construction sector more qualitative and productive. Majority of urban ills and climate related issues can be resolved if Artificial intelligence can be embedded as integral part of the construction industry right prom planning, designing, construction, operation and management of the built environment and infrastructures. Communities and nations will save lot of valuable non-renewable resources if the construction sector is transformed from human led to technology led by the induction of Artificial intelligence. However, Construction industry has to search the areas where Artificial intelligence can be used effectively and intelligently.
Making Urban India a Role Model of Planned Urban Growth a.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Known for productivity, promoting economy, employment and innovations cities, when properly planned, rationally developed and professionally managed, have been labelled and recognized as engines of economic growth. Prosperity and urbanisation are known to have positive co-relation with rational urbanisation, leveraging growth and development of any community, city, state and region. In majority of developing countries, where urbanisation remains unregulated, forced largely by rural push and less by urban pull, cities invariably remain in crisis, crisis of population, crisis of poverty, crisis of development and management. Cities need to be cared ,incentivized, empowered and made more productive, effective, efficient and humane.
Redefining Globalization, urbanisation and LocalisationJIT KUMAR GUPTA
If cities are to made more livable, humane and productive, it is time that intent, contents and scope of globalization must be revisited and reviewed, both critically and objectively. Globalisation would need redefinition for promoting universality and inclusiveness among people and nations to have basic amenities and quality of life for all its residents , including poorest of the poor to lead a dignified life. Failure to redefine globalization, rationalise urbanisation, restore localization empowering poor and promoting universalisation and inclusivity; will invariably lead to making SDGs merely a paper exercise. In addition, making the world, cities and communities sustainable, livable, safe and inclusive, would remain merely a dream and a mirage, for future generations and communities, making planet earth as their preferred place of residence.
Knowing, Understanding and Planning Cities- Role and Relevance Physical Plan...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Cities are known for its complexities and operational inefficiencies. cities remain dynamic ,ever evolving, ever devolving, never static and never finite.
All cities remain different, distinct, unique and universal. No two cities are similar. Each city has its own strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Accordingly, problem faced by any city cannot be viewed, dissected, analyzed and enumerated, while sitting within the four walls of the air-conditioned rooms and by the so called intellectual sitting in the so called offices determining the future of cities and towns. Neither the cities can be made more rational by limited knowledge agencies providing consultancy to cities , states and nations.
For realistically and rationally understanding, analyzing the cities and having simple, cost-effective and quality solutions to the problems and challenges faced , Cities have to be walked through and concerns of the various communities have to be properly understood and appreciated.
Prime reason for inability and lack of capacity on the part of majority of physical planners, engaged in the art and science of planning, designing and developing the cities, to address the issues and challenges faced by cities , realistically and rationally, has genesis in the lack of understanding of the origin, growth and development of cities.
Lack of capacity in majority of town planners, has roots in the quality of education imparted and seriousness and commitment on the part of both teachers and taught involved. As it stands today, majority of institutions involved in imparting education in planning are being run on an ad-hoc manner and by proxy. Only few institutions have regular teachers and regular students. Majority of planning institutions are being run on proxy with proxy students and proxy teachers. Education system including curricula used for teaching, needs, review, revision and redefinition to make it more relevant to rational for addressing the issues and challenges faced by the cities and towns.
Land as a Resource for urban finanace- 24-1-23.pptJIT KUMAR GUPTA
PPt tries to brief Land, as a gift of nature, is being grossly misused, abused , manipulated Land is globally used for providing platform for all human driven activities, based on living, working, culture of body/ mind and travel.
Limited availability, coupled with large number of human beings trying to source land, has invariably created large demand for land resource for human consumption. Land, in urban context, is required for meeting the specific needs of urban dwellers for residential, commercial, institutional, recreational, travel& traffic purposes besides providing space for infrastructures , amenities, services, trade and commerce etc. Land in urban context remains under large demand and command high price due to concentration of large population in small physical area, with stakeholders making competing claims.Rapid and uncontrolled growth in population experienced by urban areas has adversely impacted and generated considerable pressure on land resource in cities and towns , leading to large scale conversion, sub-division and illegal occupation of urban land. Unregulated and regulated pressure on land has largely been met by means of both formal/informal sub-division and development of land. Growth of the urban settlements and entire mechanism of urban planning and development remains land based/ land focused. In order to make optimum use of land resource on 24x7x365; making city planning, growth, development and management ,both rational. realistic, orderly and promoter of quality living, it will be critical and essential, that all ULBs are made to focus on eliminating culture and practices promoting un-authorized/ illegal sub-division of land for ushering an environment and era of planned urban development in the cities. Land needs to be effectively leveraged to generate resources for ULBs to make cities vibrant.
COST-EFFETIVE and Energy Efficient BUILDINGS ptxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Built environment is known for its capacity, capability, role, relevance and importance to change the quality of life of the occupants and communities. Presentation focuses on options which need to be leveraged to make buildings sustainable, cost-effective, energy efficient, resource efficient, qualitative over its entire life-cycle through designing, construction, operation. It calls for making buildings green and sustainable.
Making Buildings cost-effective , Energy Efficient ptxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation focuses on options which need to be leveraged to make buildings sustainable, cost-effective, energy efficient, resource efficient, qualitative over its entire life-cycle
Ppt briefs about role, relevance, importance of the rating systems applicable in India, criteria used in assessing
greeness, weightage allocated, , brief of how these rating systems are applied, parameters involved; weightage granted, levels of rating granted , incentives given by states for green rated buildings and brief of suggestions, how to make rating system more effective, efficient, objective and transparent.
The phenomenon of global warming remains more pronounced in the urban areas, for the reason cities house large concentration of people and activities in a small/compact urban space.Densely-built downtown areas tend to be warmer than suburban residential areas or rural areas.. UHI not only raises urban temperatures but also increases ozone concentrations because ozone is a greenhouse gas whose formation will accelerate with the temperature. Tokyo, an example of an urban heat island. Normal temperatures of Tokyo go up higher than those of the surrounding area. However, it needs to be understood and appreciated that climate change is not the cause of urban heat islands but it is causing more frequent and more intense heat waves which in turn amplify the urban heat island effect in cities. Major reasons for ever growing global warming and climate change can be attributed to the; Nature and natural; Human-Driven; population; Rapid Urbanisation; Irrational Urban planning; High Density; Inefficient Transportation ;Large generation/consumption of fossil fuel based Energy; Unsustainable Buildings; Polluting Industry & Manufacturing; Unsustainable Agriculture; Irrational Development; Large scale Deforestation; Lack of open spaces and individual life-choices;
Making and Unmaking of Chandigarh - A City of Two Plans2-4-24.pptJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Presentation is a narrative of a
capital city- known for its innovative planning, designing, construction and management of a new capital . It briefs about the principles used in the planning and designing of city -by the first team of planners led by Albert Mayer and Mathew Nowicki-- followed by the second team led by Le- Corbusier, P Jenerette, Jane B Drew , Maxwell Fry. It also details about the various aspects of the city planning, planning of the sector as a neighbourhood, typologies of
various developmental controls used for regulating the construction of buildings. Innovations used for regulating the growth and development of periphery; redensification of city in case city exceeds its planned population of half a million, creating a narrative of city and periphery, innovative landscaping, defining an edict for the city to educate the future citizens of the capital city to safeguard the future growth and development besides lessons learnt from planning and designing the new cities.
Planning and Designing Green buildings-.issues, options and strategiesJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Affordability and sustainable development are considered anti-thesis across the world. Generally there exists conflict between the approach to sustainable built environment and affordable buildings. Sustainable development is considered more expensive. According to Middleton, ‘Sustainability and affordability aren’t mutually exclusive goals. It’s not about adding extra, but thinking more carefully about the design of buildings and incorporating technologies that can offset the rising costs of energy, water and other services. Affordability and sustainability are known to fit together perfectly’.
Through excellent design, buildings can be made more sustainable and affordable. Smaller the footprint of buildings, lower will be the upfront costs and embodied energy and lower shall be the running costs of buildings. Looking at the entire context of health, rising cost of amenities/services; Sustainable/Green designs are now being increasingly adopted, to make built environment more cost-effective and affordable. Considering the enormous amount of built environment to be created, India will have no option but to tread the path of sustainability and sustainable development in the built environment. Sustainable built environment would also help in and go a long way in achieving the majority of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals for the reason, built environment is known to be the largest consumer of energy, avoid wasteful use of resources and minimise generation of waste. Global sustainability will be largely contingent upon how effectively and efficiently we can make our buildings sustainable and qualitative through innovative/green design solutions based on local climate and culture, valuing site planning, embedding orientation, cross ventilation, using renewable/waste materials and involving state of the art building technologies.
_Neighborhood Planning in Capital City of Chandigarh- An Appraisal (2) - Copy...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Neighborhood as an idea, concept, option and strategy has been extensively used locally and globally by the Urban Planners to plan and decentralize cities, create cities within cities, promote self-contained communities and to make cities more humane, safe and socially vibrant. Neighborhood has also been used recently to define the city in terms of travel time - making 10/15 minutes city
Accordingly, large typologies of NH ,in terms of planning and designing , with varying shapes, sizes and contents have emerged in the urban context. Americans have used superblock and French using Sector for defining the neighborhood. Despite distinct advantages, holding high degree of relevance in urban and local area planning , NH planning has not been able to deliver the envisioned objectives of safety and social vibrancy. Cities in the process have been socially, economically and physically fragmented, leading to clear division of cities into different communities with little economical and social connectivity. Variance of planning and designing norms followed at NH and sub-neighborhood levels have promoted more dichotomy and contradictions with varying quality of life inducted at local level. Differential population and infrastructures have divided the city into the categories of high/low end NH units. Fabric and morphology of cities, in large cases, has been distorted with urban settlement emerging as a distinct social map of communities graded economically and socially,on the basis of area/location . In the process, the way NH planning concept has been used, neighborhood planning has emerged as an instrument of social and economic segregation/division. In fact in number of cases, concept has been used, misused, abused in intent and content to divide the cities into distinct social and economic layers. Instead of unifying , concept has led to division of cities.
Genesis of modern application of NH can be found in the planning and designing of Chandigarh where entire city fabric of capital city was woven around Sector as the basic unit of planning, concptulasied as self-contained and self-sustaining unit at the local level. However, the way sectors have been planned, it has led to dividing the cities into different and distinct communities. Individual status in Chandigarh can be judged from his/her residence. Concept of Sector has done more damage than good to the fabric of the city. Chandigarh is likely to face considerable problem in making city socially and economically cohesive/vibrant,. Sectors in Chandigarh remain anti-thesis to the basic concept of NH planning of safety, involving walkability, vehicular movement, putting commercial space in the centre. Considering role, relevance, importance and usability , NH needs to be planned, designed with care and caution, in order to make cities socially and economically vibrant, inclusive. NH planning deserves a new definition and approach to make it relevant and rational.
Reviewing, Revising and Redefining Master Plans and Development Plans to Ma...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Looking at its efficacy and efficiency, it can be seen and observed that Master Plans/ Development Plans have done more damage than good for the planned growth and development of the cities to which they have been made applicable. These plans have been violated with impunity both by the people, communities, cities and parastatal agencies; for the betterment/welfare of which these plans were prepared. These plans have been visualized as controller of development rather than promoters of development. Instead of planned development , these plans have been usherers of the unplanned development. These plans are known to be responsible for promoting large number of slums besides making quality of life poor for majority of the urban inhabitants. Cities under Master Plans are also known to promote exclusion rather than inclusion. Master Plans/Development Plans are known to promote prosperity for few and marginalize the large proportions of the local community by making them poor. Instead of catering to urban dynamism, Master Plans/Development Plans try to freeze the city, for next two decades, to which it is made to serve. Accordingly, these plans need to be reviewed , rationalised, revised and redefined to make them better Master Plans/Development Plans
Rationalizing the Planned Growth of Urban India- paper.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Rapid and uncontrolled growth in population experienced by urban areas has adversely impacted and generated considerable pressure on land resource in cities and towns , leading to large scale conversion, sub-division and illegal occupation of urban land. Unregulated and regulated pressure on land has largely been met by means of both formal/informal sub-division and development of land. Growth of the urban settlements and entire mechanism of urban planning and development remains land based/ land focused, based on a strategy of sub-division of the land, dictated by the economic forces prevailing in the market. Irrational and ineffective public policies of urban planning and land sub-division, devoid of prevailing ground realities, have turned out to be incompatible with the demands of urban expansion, leading to large scale un-authorized and illegal sub-division of land. In the process, valuable land resources, gift of nature, has been misused, abused and mutilated in this race of uncontrolled and irrational urbanisation. In order to make optimum use of land resource; making city planning, growth, development and management ,both rational. realistic, orderly and promoter of quality living, it will be critical and essential, that all urban centres are made to focus on eliminating the culture and practices promoting un-authorized/illegal sub-division of land for ushering an environment and era of planned urban development in the country.
Suggestion and Options for integrating villages. within the framework of the...JIT KUMAR GUPTA
Preparing Master Plans/Development Plans for any urban settlements, basically and essentially, involves declaring a planning area for which the said long term plans are prepared. Planning area invariably includes and involves, number of rural settlements, which comprise of the planning area besides the urban settlement. It has been observed that in majority of cases, while detailed studies and analysis are carried out of the urban settlements but villages in the study and analysis remain marginalized, diluted and muted. Despite the fact, villages have critical role in the rational development of the urban settlement, but in preparing Master Plans their role and relevance is not made part of the said plan. Accordingly, this text tries to bring out the typologies of villages falling in the planning area and the suggested framework to develop these villages in making Master Plans, better Master Plan. In order to improve Master Plan qualitatively, quantitively, both in intent, contents and scope, It will be appropriate that all the villages falling in the planning area must be studied , analyzed and made integral part of the final outcome of the proposals of Master Plan. In-fact one Chapter must be exclusively dedicated to detail out the issues faced by the Villages and options which can be leveraged to promote the rational growth of villages ,as an integral part of the long term development of the urban settlement , for which the Master Plan is being prepared. This will help not only in integrating the urban- rural settlements falling in the planning area, but would also go a long way in promoting and ensuring rational growth and development of the urban settlement, for which the Master Plan is being prepared.
Making cities Climate Responsive and SustainableJIT KUMAR GUPTA
“Decarbonization” of cities ,as an issue ,as an option and as a strategy , has been gaining currency in the parlance of; making planet earth livable and sustainable. “Decarbonization has been globally valued for keeping the global temperature below 1.5C, and achieving the agenda and goals defined in the 17 Sustainable Development Goals, defined by UN for achieving universal sustainability. Despite distinct role and relevance, criticality and importance of decarbonization of cities has neither been properly understood and appreciated nor made integral part of the architectural practice and art and science of designing and construction of buildings. Consuming one -third of global energy (33%) and generating 39% of greenhouse gas emissions buildings have been considered as the major player in the domain of climate change and global warming. Since Architects and Architecture are
actively involved in the making and unmaking of buildings, accordingly it becomes important that planners and architects must play a significant role in making
cities and buildings least consumers of energy and generators of the minimum greenhouse gas emissions. This objective can be achieved if decarbonizing cities/buildings is made a distinct reality . Issue of decarbonizing the cities/buildings assumes importance for the reason, that world’s building floorspace is likely to be become double by the year 2060, with the addition of large number of newcities/ buildings due to rapid urbanization, population growth and economic development ; required for catering to
to the needs of additional population opting for urban living.
Managing Planning and Development of Citie- 26-2-24.docxJIT KUMAR GUPTA
Cities in India are known to be in perpetual crisis; facing numerous crises in terms of; crisis of rational growth, crisis of orderly and planned development; crisis of effective and efficient urban management; crisis of making provision of basic infrastructure and services; crisis of climate change; crisis of global warming; crisis of poverty, pollution and population and crisis of making human living and prevailing environment qualitative. These urban crises have genesis in the fact that cities in India, lack ownership, command, authority and lack of willingness to run and manage cities professionally and objectively. In majority of cases, cities in India are run by proxy. In terms of physical growth and development; large cities are marked by multiplicity of agencies claiming right/ownership of development over the urban areas, whereas smaller cities face absence of such ownership and are made to run, operate and function like orphans
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Physiology and chemistry of skin and pigmentation, hairs, scalp, lips and nail, Cleansing cream, Lotions, Face powders, Face packs, Lipsticks, Bath products, soaps and baby product,
Preparation and standardization of the following : Tonic, Bleaches, Dentifrices and Mouth washes & Tooth Pastes, Cosmetics for Nails.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
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Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...
Town planning - A Tool to Promote Holistic Development of Human settlements
1. TOWN PLANNING
-a Tool to Promote Planned Development of Human
Settlements
*Ar Jit Kumar Gupta
Introduction
With India heading on the path of rapid and massive urbanization, urban
centers are growing at a faster pace. Last census held in 2011, placed
level of urbanization at 31.1% with number of urban residents at 378
million spread over 7935 urban settlements. Even with low level of
urbanization, India ranks second among the urban systems in the world
after China. Estimates made globally have placed India’s urban
population at 591 million in 2031 and 750 million by 2051. Number of
metro-cities are estimated to increase from 53 to 67 by 2031 and ten
million plus cities would number 9 in 2051 as against 3 in 2011 and 5 in
2031, calling for more professionally trained planners to be involved in
rationalizing the orderly growth and development of urban centers in
India. Urban centers not only will house more population but would also
be the major economic driver of the country and generators of
employment. Globally urban centers have been the determinant of
national prosperity. However, this prosperity depends upon how well
planned and developed cities are. Planned development has been
found to be the major driver in making the cities more livable,
productive, effective and efficient. Accordingly promoting state of art
planning to ensure planned development has assumed importance,
With rapid growth and expansion , development and management of
cities is becoming highly complex and professional. Complexity of
planning is also emerging due to fast changing technologies and
economies both locally and globally. Cities are gaining momentum in
2. terms of their areas and extent of operation. Integration of societies and
economies of the world are extending the operational domain from city
to the regions, making the planning process all the more complex and
essential.
Urban India has under-performed as against the defined benchmarks
of proficiency because majority of cities are growing without having
input of planned development. Considering the need and importance
for promoting planned development, professionally trained town and
country planners are needed to usher an era of planned development
and management in this country by evolving new strategies and state of
art options. Accordingly, planning profession needs to be promoted on
priority in this country to provide required level of manpower to meet the
growing needs of planners and the planned development.
Planning professionals are also urgently needed keeping in view the
government agenda of developing initially 100 smart cities in the country
with an outlay of more than Rs 70,000 crores. The program is being
launched in a phased manner with the intent of making all urban centers
smart over a period of time. Planning and designing smart cities would
require the services of trained town planners and accordingly, it
becomes critical to create required professional town planners. In
addition government of India has also launched three more missions
and two yojnas focusing on urban areas which include; PMAY, Swatchh
Bharat Mission, NuLHM, SWM, AMRUT and HRIDAY, all requiring
the services of urban planners. In addition, agenda defined in 74th
Constitutional Amendment Acts, 1992, provides for urban/land use
planning besides 16 other functions to be given to urban local bodies,
which would require active involvement of town planning profession to
prepare schemes for planned development of the urban centers at the
local level. In addition, preparing District Development Plans and
Metropolitan Area Development Plans, would also require the active
and absolute involvement of planning profession to prepare such
documents. Master Plans are required to be prepared for promoting
planned development of urban centre ,which can only be prepared by
the physical planners. Considering the fact that large scale urban
development is being envisioned in India , role of town planning
profession will become critical.
3. Town Planning
Town planning is primarily and essentially a physical planning
process of planning of human settlements and related activities , both
urban, rural, based on defined norms and standards, involving all the
residents, identification and sub-division of land, its development,
allocating land use, defining parameters for built environment besides
defining amenities, facilities and infrastructure to be provided including
transportation, communications, distribution networks and the provision
of municipal services to residents and visitors. Town planning also
involves defining physical layout of human settlements. The
underlining concern for the entire process of planning remains to
promote larger public interest, promote human welfare, meet all current
and future basic needs of individuals, promote human efficiency and
productivity, creating enabling environment which permits holistic
development of individuals and communities, protect environment,
protecting heritage both natural and manmade,, make optimum use of
available resources on sustained basis besides providing security and
safety to individuals and communities . Town planning remains largely
an interdisciplinary field that includes art and science involving
architecture, urban design, engineering, sociology, landscaping,
housing, traffic and transportation, health & hygiene, history, geography,
culture, heritage, economics, statistics, demography, anthropology etc.
Town planning besides dealing with planning and development of urban
and rural planning also includes regional planning. Major tool for town
planners remains Regional Plans, Master Plans, Development Plans,
Zonal Plans, Layout Plans, Zoning Plans, Demarcation Plans etc
through which planning and development of human settlements, at
Regional, city and local level, are regulated. Regional Plans, Master
Plans/ Development Plans are essentially long term plans defining the
future growth of regions/cities, generally for a period of next two
decades. They are basically land based plans defining the use of land
falling within the planning area. Various land uses are the outcome of
existing population and the projected population of the region/ town
based on past trends besides existing trends of growth and
development of different land-uses. Land uses and amenities are
defined based on prescribed norms and standards, which are
essentially based on population and area. There is variance in different
4. standards adopted in different states. Ministry of urban Development
has also come out with Urban and Regional Development Plans
Formulation &Implementation( URDPFI) Guidelines, suggesting the
process, norms and standards of different aspects of Town Planning.
Planning tools of Master Plans/Development Plans have been subjected
to lot of criticism because of their rigidity and consuming large time for
plan preparation besides requiring large manpower and resources.
These plans have largely been called controllers of development rather
than promoters of planned development. Town Planning, as a process
is undergoing lot of change due to its recognized role and importance in
promoting sustainability, promoting economy, generating employment,
making cities vibrant and places of happening/innovations, conserving
environment, ecology and providing optimum conditions of living and
working conditions. Globally urban areas are occupying central stage
and town planning is viewed with lot of interest in rationalizing the
growth and development of human settlements in general and urban
settlements in particular. Indian government has also been focusing on
promoting planned development of urban settlements through various
urban related missions and yojnas, already enumerated above..
Definition
Considering the fact that planning of human settlements encompasses
large number of subjects, stakeholders and issues , accordingly Town
planning has been defined in numerous ways by different experts
depending upon their focus, approach and understanding. Few
definitions are enumerated below for understanding the intent, content
and scope of the profession.
It is the art and science of planning human settlements to make them
more productive, effective, efficient, livable and sustainable besides
providing optimum quality of life to its residents.
It is the art and science of sub-dividing land, allocation use to sub-
divided land, defining what could be built on different parcels based on
the larger goals of physical, socio- economic development of
communities and individuals, making settlement as their preferred
home
It is the art and science of ordering the use of land and siting of
buildings and communication routes so as to secure maximum degree
of economy, convenience and beauty
5. Town planning is the planning and design of all
the new buildings, roads, and parks in a place in order to make
them attractive and convenient for the people who live therein.
Town Planning is the Comprehensive planning of the physical
and social development of a town, including
the construction of facilities
A city should be built to give its residents security and happiness-
Aristotel
Objectives
The Objectives of the town planning are to;
-- promote larger public interest
-- plan for people and their happiness
-- promote quality of life of the residents
-- promote human welfare irrespective of cast, creed, age, sex, financial
status
-- create enabling environment to facilitate the meeting of basic human
need of living , working, care of body & spirit and circulation.
-- promote healthy living conditions
-- ensuring health, convenience and beauty
-- protect and promote the environment,
--improve public health, safety and security
--making available basic amenities/services/infrastructures
- increase choices available to each/every citizen
- respect nature and natural elements
--minimize adverse impact of physical development.
-- make human settlements sustainable
-- create opportunities for all of gainful employment
-- eliminate poverty
-- minimize mobility and promote accessibility
-- preserve natural resources
--Make optimum use of land and other resources
-- promote, protect and preserve heritage – both natural and manmade
- Creating value for city
6. Town Planning Involves;
Town planning involves carrying a detailed study of the settlement
fabric, structure and genesis in terms of its historical perspective, growth
and development. Study also includes its specific features in order to
understand the fabric of the city.It also involves a detailed
demographical study to understand the socio-economic features of the
population living therein , their specialized characteristics and past
trends of growth, in order to define the number of future population
which will live in the city in next 20 years. Planning also involves
carrying out physical, social, economic and environmental study of the
settlements which is being planned. It also involves preparing an
existing landuse map showing the planning areas, administrative
boundaries, physical features, land morphology/topography, different
shades of built up area, vacant areas, different land uses, slums,
industries, major commercial nodes, institutions/institutional areas,
parks/open spaces/play grounds, amenities/facilities, protected/forest
areas, road network, service network, transportation nodes, area under
different uses etc. In addition, it calls for carrying out SWOT analysis of
the settlement, so as to understand its strength, identify weaknesses,
opportunities it offers and threat it poses. Problems faced by city in
different aspects are identified and quantified systematically. Surveys
are also conducted to ascertain facts on different aspects in terms of
quantity and quality. Wider periodic consultation with all stakeholders
remain integral part of planning process, Based on studies made and
analysis carried out, town planning aims at preparing the final
proposals, based on a defined vision and mission, by producing the
proposed landuse plan. In addition, it includes a detailed report on the
study made, problems identified and the proposal for promoting planned
development.
Town planning, basically and essentially includes;
A. Planning
Reflecting the people's aspiration.
Ensuring highest quality of life.
Ensuring rational distribution of Population.
Rationalizing the land use planning.
Eliminating non- compatible land uses.
Eliminating subjectivity in decision making.
Defining the future vision for the human settlement.
7. Defining future shape and size of the city.
Defining location of different land uses, amenities, services etc
Defining hierarchy of all activities like commercial, infrastructure, health
care, education etc
Making human living more effective and effective.
Rationalizing the development of urban and rural areas falling within
planning area.
Creating self -sustaining communities.
Making informal sector integral part of the planning process
Defining land uses for existing and future population
Defining future population for quantification of different land uses
Defining the direction of future growth of the city
Preparing framework for the growth and development of the city -
master plan / development plans/layout plans/zoning/zonal plans
B. Development
Promoting Planned Development.
Eliminating the unplanned development.
Making urban Development orderly.
Taking care of current development of settlement.
Promoting sustainable development of human settlements.
Promoting development based on the proposals defined in the master
plan
C. Land
Optimizing use of urban land
Minimizing the use of land for urban development
Carrying out land suitability analysis
Providing land for different uses on prescribed norms and standards
Making land market more effective and efficient
Making available land at right cost in right quantity in right place and
right time
Minimizing the conversion of land from agriculture to non-agricultural
uses
Promoting the development of derelict land
D. Housing
8. Eliminating slums.
Providing adequate space for housing - present and future
Promoting affordable housing
Earmarking adequate space for informal housing.
Ensuring housing for all the residents of the city
Making cities slum free
Promoting all basic amenities/services in the residential area
Creating self-contained communities
Promoting multiple options for housing
Planning for rental housing/ transit housing
E. Amenities& Facilities
Identifying /quantifying different amenities/facilities in the city
Defining norms and standards for different amenities / facilities
Identifying existing gaps between demand and supply
Overcoming existing deficiencies in infrastructure
Mapping healthcare/education/entertainment facilities
Ensuring rational distribution of amenities / facilities across the city-
both quantitative/qualitative
Avoiding concentration /absence of amenities and facilities at different
places
Defining the network for amenities/facilities
Defining sourcing of water/ electricity etc
Identifying space for disposal of waste both- solid and liquid
F. Traffic &Transportation
Promoting accessibility rather than mobility
Planning for people not vehicles
Rationalizing the traffic and transportation.
Segregating inter and intra city traffic
Mapping existing mobility problems
Suggesting options for traffic and transportation both in short-term/
long-term perspective
Identifying the areas of congestion/accidents and provide solution
Defining solution to the parking
Rationalizing the mobility in the city
9. Re-ordering the priority of traffic planning with maximum focus on
pedestrianisation and least focus on individual cars
Promoting mass transportation
Adopting integrated approach for transportation
Defining the transportation network/nodes
Defining the hierarchy of traffic network
E. Environment
Making city environmentally vibrant
Mapping the existing status of environment
Identifying sources of pollution.
Identifying options for minimizing pollution.
Providing green spaces on the specified norms .
Identifying environmentally sensitive areas
Protecting /promoting the eco-sensitive areas
Identifying derelict/eco-sensitive areas in the city
Promoting green cover
Identifying water bodies and suggest approach for preservation
Segregating the industry area from residential uses
Creating city forests as part of city greening
G. Economy
Making city economically vibrant
Generating employment for all
Creating opportunities for both skill/unskilled manpower
Promoting economy/economic development of City
Making urban development self sustainable.
Generating resources for the infrastructure development in the city.
Creating enabling environment to attract investment
H. Heritage
Identifying /mapping city heritage
Classifying the heritage depending upon the importance
Suggesting strategies/ roadmap for the
preservation/conservation/promotion of heritage
10. Framing schemes/framework for the heritage development
Making heritage development integral part of planning process
Making heritage conservation mass movement
Evolving specific legal framework for heritage areas/zones.
Villages
Identifying villages within the planning area
Identifying villages falling in urbanisable area
Identifying villages falling in the urban areas
Making villages falling in the master plan area, integral part of urban
planning process
Defining specific strategies for different categories of villages based on
the study made and analysis carried out
Phasing
Quantifying the amount of development in the master plan
Dividing development into four distinct phases
Phasing made based on a time frame of 5 years periods- depending
upon the population projection made and area defined for development
Phasing priority defined on the basis of economy, integration, making
optimum use of available services and area/population to be served.
FUNCTIONS
Major functions performed by Town Planning Departments
generally include;:-
Providing technical advice on matters related to urban planning and
development
Aiding, assisting and advising the state government/ development
authorities/urban local bodies/industrial corporations in policy
formulation and implementation related to planning of human
settlement and related issues.
Identifying planning areas and preparing regional
plans/master plans/development plans /zonal /zoning plans at
the region/settlement levels besides preparing existing land-
use plans
Prepare Building Bye Laws, regulating construction on defined site.
Co-ordinating the activities of various stake holders involved in urban
planning
11. Preparing Traffic mobility Plans
Ensuring planned development of human settlements
Framing policies/programs related to private sector involvement in
urban planning/infrastructure development
Sanctioning building plans for various buildings coming up in human
settlements.
Regulating development and checking the haphazard development in
and around towns in accordance with the provisions of statutes
To assist in selecting sites for setting up new towns/industrial areas/
SEZ/ institutions etc
WAY FORWARD
Town planning, which had its origin with the dawn of civilization on this
planet ,shall continue to be relevant till homo-sapiens will live on this
earth. Town planning offers unlimited scope which shall be co-terminus
with the genesis, growth, development and management of human
settlements. UNO has already included resilient cities and communities
in the list of 17 Sustainable Development Goals to be achieved globally,
in order to make this planet sustainable. It recognizes the critical role of
Town Planning in making cities resilient and sustainable. Town Planning
remains the only profession which holistically looks at the integrated
physical, socio-economic planned growth and development of human
settlements. However, town planning has not been given its due share
and recognition in the planning and development of the human
settlements. Majority of agencies operating and dealing with human
settlements do not have qualified town planners on their role.
Deployment of town planners is largely confined to larger settlements
and few development authorities created at the regional/ settlement
level. Out of 4041 statutory towns in India , even 20% ULBs donot have
the services of town planners with them. This has resulted in
mushrooming and haphazard growth/development of these settlements.
Unfortunately, it has not been realized that unplanned development
causes enormous loss to the communities, cities and nations. People
living in these areas or in their close vicinity, are greatly impacted by
such development which normally involves deficiency/absence of basic
amenities/services. These services form the core of health and hygiene
of the communities/city. In the process, cities become less efficient and
less productive, causing enormous loss to economy and employment.
The most impacted are the vulnerable sections of society in general and
poor in particular. If the cities have the benefit of services of town
12. planning, they would become much better place to live in and work
contributing immensely to the growth and development of nations and
communities. Marginalization of the town planning profession can be
seen as the major cause promoting poverty, unemployment and poor
quality of life in urban centers in developing countries
With India on the cusp of rapid/massive urbanization, it will be essential
that cities should be mandated to use the professional services of town
planners by creating a dedicated cadre of town planners in the state
municipal services. However, planning profession also need to be made
more effective and efficient by looking at the intent, content and scope
of the profession, both in education and practice. The way planning
profession is being practiced, it has done more damage than good to
the planned development of human settlements. Profession involves
more subjectivity than objectivity where critical decisions of planning
and development are taken on the personal whims and fancies/under
duress or pressures, rather than on objectivity and well laid down
principles. It is time, profession has to look critically the way it is being
practiced and how the decisions are taken. In addition, planners have to
re-look at their planning tools to make them more effective and efficient
in order to cater to the emerging urban dynamism. It will require making
research and development integral part of planning education and
planning practice. Role of academic institutions will be critical to make
planning profession vibrant, effective and efficient. Creating data bank
for all human settlements will be critical for rational decision making. In
order to put profession on higher pedestal, it will be important that;
Profession should be dictated by objectivity rather than
subjectivity.
Planning process and systems must be clearly defined to make
them more rational.
Intent, content and scope of planning tools must be critically and
objectively reviewed and redefined to make them more effective
and efficient.
Research and Development should be made integral part of
academics and the practice.
Technology/ICT/GIS/urban mapping should be made integral part
of planning profession
13. Urban Mapping unit should be set up immediately to create
accurate base map of all human settlements for their rational
planning and development.
Technology/ICT should be effectively leveraged to bring efficiency
and transparency in planning and decision making besides
creating a data bank for human settlements.
Course curricula of planning needs to be periodically reviewed to
bridge the gap between academics and practice.
Town planning should aim at making human settlements
better by putting the right things in the right place
All planning schools should be asked to create consultancy cell to
involve students and faculty in real life projects
Energy conservation must be made integral part of planning
process.
Sustainability should be made underlying principle of planning of
human settlements.
Informal sector should be appropriately spaced in the planning
process.
Land conservation and its optimum utilization should be basic
agenda for town planning.
Planning should be leveraged as promoter of planned
development rather than controller of development.
Poverty should be appropriately addressed in planning
framework.
Urban planning must be made self- contained and self sustaining
both socially, physically and economically.
Planning should aim at providing highest quality of life.
Town Planning should focus on holistic development of
individuals/communities.
Preservation, conservation and management of
Natural/manmade heritage should be appropriately made integral
part of planning process.
Adequate manpower of trained planners needs to be created by
setting up more planning schools for meeting the emerging
challenges posed by rapid urbanization/population growth.
Planning cadre must be created in all states/UT’s to address the
needs of town planning at state/regional/city/ rural levels.
73rd and 74th Constitutional amendment Acts must be made
operational to put planning on firm pedestal.
14. Good urban planning, development and management practices,
operational at global and local level, must be documented and
shared for adoption and application.
Master Plans/Development Plans for all settlements should be
prepared on priority and time bound basis, so as the rationalize
their planned development
Town Planning practices should appropriately address the
agenda defined in the Sustainable Development Goals.
Town planning needs to be leveraged to address critical issues in
the urban governance.
Urban Governance should be integral part of planning education.
Planning faculty should be a mix of academicians and persons of
eminence in practice.
Planning should make cities more compact, using minimum land
and having minimum network to promote walking/cycling rather
than using mechanized vehicles.
Town Planning must focus on future rather than on present/past.
Town Planning must focus on outcome rather than time-frame.
Town Planning must be based on sharing of ideas/resources
Town Planning must involve all stakeholders/communities in
planning and decision making.
Planning must be made people/resource centric.
Town planning must focus on planning for people rather than
vehicles to rationalize traffic and transportation in human
settlements
Planning should aim at promoting accessibility rather than
mobility in human settlements.
Cities should be planned to be zero waste, zero slum, zero
energy, zero carbon and zero car city.
City planning needs to be made more broad -based by involving
related professions and professionals.
Available planning related existing Legal framework must be
objectively reviewed, revised and redefined ,to make it
supportive of planned urban settlements.
Flexibility must be built in the planning process so as to take care
of all the emerging challenges and changes in the settlement
system.
Regional Planning must precede the town planning for effectively
dove-tailing both urban and rural settlements,
15. State vision and mission plans should be prepared on priority by
town planning departments and periodically reviewed to make it
more rational and relevant for policy formulation and promoting
planned development in the state.
All policies/programs impacting the development of human
settlements must involve professional planners.
Planning departments at the state/central level must be
appropriately strengthen with appropriate manpower and
resources.
Services of Town Planning profession must be utilized for
preparing District Development Plans and Metropolitan Area
Plans mandated under the 74thConstitutional Amendment Act,
1992
Town planning systems should be at the heart of finding
solutions to enormous challenges facing human settlements
and communities besides shaping places to make them better
places to live and work .
*Ar Jit Kumar Gupta
Founder Director, College of Architecture, IET Bhaddal
#344, Sector 40-A, Chandigarh-160036
Email -- jit.kumar1944@gmail.com,,Mob- 090410-26414