This document provides an overview of tourism planning. It discusses what planning is, focusing on accommodating future change. Comprehensive planning considers all tourism resources, organizations, markets, and programs within a region, as well as economic, environmental, social, and institutional aspects. The tourism planning process involves issue definition, policy formulation, implementation, and redefinition. Tourism is changing rapidly and can economically and culturally boost or detrimentally impact societies and environments. Government plays a role in regulating competition, providing infrastructure, and maximizing domestic tourism opportunities while encouraging foreign exchange through inbound tourism. Both positive and negative political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and employment impacts of tourism are covered. The significance of tourism as a global industry
This document discusses tourism planning. Some key points:
- Tourism planning seeks to integrate social, economic, political, and environmental factors related to tourism development and management. It involves planning at multiple levels from individual businesses to national governments.
- Tourism planning in India began in the 1980s with the recognition of tourism as an industry and the establishment of committees and plans to develop the tourism sector. Subsequent five-year plans further encouraged tourism development and private sector participation.
- The tourism planning process generally involves defining objectives, collecting and analyzing data, formulating preliminary and final plans, implementing plans, and monitoring and evaluating outcomes. Challenges include stakeholder commitment, establishing baselines, and identifying appropriate indicators.
This document discusses tourism policy and its objectives. Tourism policy is defined as public policy formulated by central and local governments to regulate the tourism industry. The objectives of tourism policy are to maximize economic, socio-cultural, and environmental benefits while minimizing negative impacts. Tourism policy objectives are achieved through planning, legislation, facilitating development, taxation, education/training, and marketing. Governments establish rules and provide infrastructure/support to develop the tourism sector in a sustainable manner.
Destination Management Public Sector and Tourism Policy Destination Image Development Attributes of Destination Destination Planning Destination Development and Sustainable Future
Chapter 1 Tourism Plan and Strategy (Tourism Planning and Development)Md Shaifullar Rabbi
The document discusses tourism planning and strategy. It covers several key topics in 3 paragraphs or less:
Tourism planning aims to balance sustainable resource use, visitor satisfaction, community integration, and economic success. It is a continuous, comprehensive, and integrated process focusing on sustainable development and community involvement.
Tourism policy provides rules and guidelines for long-term tourism development and daily destination activities. It involves components like attractions, accommodations, facilities, transportation, infrastructure, and institutions.
Key players in tourism planning include tourists, the host community, the tourism industry, and government agencies at local, regional, national and international levels. Planning requires coordination between the public and private sectors.
Destination marketing plays a key role in tourism by promoting the image and branding of a destination to attract visitors. The core product being marketed is the destination itself, including its attractions, amenities, accessibility, and perceived image. National tourism organizations in most countries are responsible for destination marketing through promotional campaigns and product development. Their goals are to raise awareness of the country as a visitor destination and maximize long-term tourism benefits. In New Zealand, Tourism New Zealand undertakes destination marketing with the mission of marketing the country as a visitor destination.
This document provides an overview of tourism planning and development. It discusses that tourism planning considers all tourism resources, organizations, markets, and programs within a region. The planning process involves defining goals and objectives, identifying the tourism system including resources, organizations and markets, generating alternatives, evaluating alternatives, and implementing, monitoring and evaluating plans. It also describes different levels of tourism planning from site to international levels and the roles of government and private sectors in tourism planning.
This document discusses the economic impacts of tourism. It covers positive impacts like income, employment, and tax revenue generation. It also discusses negative impacts like cost inflation. The magnitude of economic impacts depends on factors like expenditure volume, development level, and how much spending recirculates locally. Tourism can benefit balances of payments. There are direct, indirect, and induced economic effects. Input-output analysis and tourism satellite accounts are used to measure these impacts. Employment impacts are also measured in various ways.
Chapter 2 Strategic Planning and Management (Destination Management)Md Shaifullar Rabbi
The document discusses strategic planning and management for tourism. It provides an overview of what a strategic plan is and its importance for outlining an organization's purpose and goals. It also discusses key components of a strategic plan like the mission statement and SWOT analysis. Additionally, it discusses strategic planning processes for tourism, including assessing attractions, infrastructure, marketing, and organizational structure. The importance of infrastructure development, carrying capacity, and developing a destination management plan are also covered.
This document discusses tourism planning. Some key points:
- Tourism planning seeks to integrate social, economic, political, and environmental factors related to tourism development and management. It involves planning at multiple levels from individual businesses to national governments.
- Tourism planning in India began in the 1980s with the recognition of tourism as an industry and the establishment of committees and plans to develop the tourism sector. Subsequent five-year plans further encouraged tourism development and private sector participation.
- The tourism planning process generally involves defining objectives, collecting and analyzing data, formulating preliminary and final plans, implementing plans, and monitoring and evaluating outcomes. Challenges include stakeholder commitment, establishing baselines, and identifying appropriate indicators.
This document discusses tourism policy and its objectives. Tourism policy is defined as public policy formulated by central and local governments to regulate the tourism industry. The objectives of tourism policy are to maximize economic, socio-cultural, and environmental benefits while minimizing negative impacts. Tourism policy objectives are achieved through planning, legislation, facilitating development, taxation, education/training, and marketing. Governments establish rules and provide infrastructure/support to develop the tourism sector in a sustainable manner.
Destination Management Public Sector and Tourism Policy Destination Image Development Attributes of Destination Destination Planning Destination Development and Sustainable Future
Chapter 1 Tourism Plan and Strategy (Tourism Planning and Development)Md Shaifullar Rabbi
The document discusses tourism planning and strategy. It covers several key topics in 3 paragraphs or less:
Tourism planning aims to balance sustainable resource use, visitor satisfaction, community integration, and economic success. It is a continuous, comprehensive, and integrated process focusing on sustainable development and community involvement.
Tourism policy provides rules and guidelines for long-term tourism development and daily destination activities. It involves components like attractions, accommodations, facilities, transportation, infrastructure, and institutions.
Key players in tourism planning include tourists, the host community, the tourism industry, and government agencies at local, regional, national and international levels. Planning requires coordination between the public and private sectors.
Destination marketing plays a key role in tourism by promoting the image and branding of a destination to attract visitors. The core product being marketed is the destination itself, including its attractions, amenities, accessibility, and perceived image. National tourism organizations in most countries are responsible for destination marketing through promotional campaigns and product development. Their goals are to raise awareness of the country as a visitor destination and maximize long-term tourism benefits. In New Zealand, Tourism New Zealand undertakes destination marketing with the mission of marketing the country as a visitor destination.
This document provides an overview of tourism planning and development. It discusses that tourism planning considers all tourism resources, organizations, markets, and programs within a region. The planning process involves defining goals and objectives, identifying the tourism system including resources, organizations and markets, generating alternatives, evaluating alternatives, and implementing, monitoring and evaluating plans. It also describes different levels of tourism planning from site to international levels and the roles of government and private sectors in tourism planning.
This document discusses the economic impacts of tourism. It covers positive impacts like income, employment, and tax revenue generation. It also discusses negative impacts like cost inflation. The magnitude of economic impacts depends on factors like expenditure volume, development level, and how much spending recirculates locally. Tourism can benefit balances of payments. There are direct, indirect, and induced economic effects. Input-output analysis and tourism satellite accounts are used to measure these impacts. Employment impacts are also measured in various ways.
Chapter 2 Strategic Planning and Management (Destination Management)Md Shaifullar Rabbi
The document discusses strategic planning and management for tourism. It provides an overview of what a strategic plan is and its importance for outlining an organization's purpose and goals. It also discusses key components of a strategic plan like the mission statement and SWOT analysis. Additionally, it discusses strategic planning processes for tourism, including assessing attractions, infrastructure, marketing, and organizational structure. The importance of infrastructure development, carrying capacity, and developing a destination management plan are also covered.
Lecture 1. Introduction to Tourism Planning and Development(1).pptxPeteirsGTMaturaChiti
This document provides an introduction to tourism planning and development. It defines tourism and discusses the importance of tourism planning. The key goals of tourism development are outlined, such as increasing standards of living and providing recreation. Various forms of tourism planning are described, including economic development planning and infrastructure planning. Barriers to tourism planning like costs and seasonality are also covered. The document emphasizes sustainable tourism development and discusses principles like improving quality of life and maintaining environmental quality.
This document discusses the concepts of sustainability and sustainable development. It provides definitions from the Brundtland Report and outlines two schools of thought on sustainability - strong vs weak. It describes four types of capital stocks - human, physical, environmental, and socio-cultural. Sustainable tourism is discussed as having environmental, economic, and socio-cultural components. Principles of sustainable tourism include cultural, social, ecological, economic, conservation, education, and local participation elements. Determinants of carrying capacity include both local factors like social structure, culture, environment, economy, politics, and resources, as well as alien factors like tourist characteristics, activities, and management/technology. Impacts are monitored through parameters and standards to determine
Tourism is a large and complex industry that involves every area of a country. The goals of tourism development are to raise living standards through economic benefits, develop infrastructure for tourists and residents, and establish suitable development within tourist centers. However, tourism development faces several hindrances related to lack of transportation, accommodations, financing, and trained personnel. Political aspects like land use zoning, infrastructure construction and maintenance, and promotional programs also impact tourism development.
Tourism planning and development (Introduction)Mike Joseph
The document discusses tourism planning and development. It explains that tourism planning involves coordinating with government agencies and private sector businesses to improve tourism infrastructure and ensure travelers' needs are met. Effective planning provides resources for tourists while allowing destinations and businesses to enhance their tourism offerings. However, a lack of planning can lead to an unorganized industry with decreased profits as planning helps destinations appeal to markets and maximize opportunities.
This document discusses key concepts in marketing tourism, including the traditional 4Ps marketing mix of product, price, place, and promotion. It notes that tourism products have intangible characteristics like experiences. The 7Ps model is also introduced, which expands on the traditional model by including people, process, and physical evidence. Tourism differs from other industries in that the product experience spans from pre-trip anticipation to post-trip reflection, and involves integrating multiple suppliers. Marketing tourism requires understanding target markets' expectations and managing employees, processes, and physical facilities to deliver a consistent brand experience.
Introduction of Tourism and Hospitality Marketing
Characteristics of the Tourism Industry
Tangible
Inseparable
Variable
Seasonal
Substitutable
High involvement
The document discusses tourism development at multiple scales, from individual sites and destinations to regional scales involving many jurisdictions over long time periods. It addresses factors like transportation, attractions, utilities, and links between sites that are important for planning tourism destinations and regions. Additionally, it outlines considerations for developing tourism businesses and attractions as well as planning transportation, information/promotion, and accounting for social and environmental impacts.
Sustainable tourism aims to meet the needs of tourists and host communities while preserving resources for future generations. It emerged in response to uncontrolled tourism growth damaging resources. Sustainable tourism principles include ecological sustainability to minimize environmental impacts, social and cultural sustainability to respect local communities, and economic sustainability to provide fair benefits to stakeholders. Tools to achieve sustainability include regulations, visitor management techniques, protected areas, carrying capacity calculations, and stakeholder consultation.
This document discusses key concepts in tourism planning including approaches, techniques, levels, elements, and processes. Some key points:
- Tourism planning is necessary to coordinate sectors and maximize economic and cultural benefits while avoiding environmental degradation.
- Approaches include systems, comprehensive, integrated, environmental, community, and implementable approaches.
- Levels of planning include international, national, regional, subregional, land use, facility site, facility design, and special studies.
- Major elements in planning a destination include market analysis, resource assessment, marketing, economic analysis, environment, and social impact.
- The planning process involves steps like market analysis, conceptual planning, master planning, implementation, and evaluation.
The students who have asked difficult questions, which have helped us clarify our own thinking, and the students from many countries who have provided us with interesting insights into the national and cultural differences in tourist behavior.
Sustainable tourism planning and developmentAMALDASKH
The document discusses sustainable tourism planning and development. It defines sustainable development as meeting present needs without compromising future needs. Resources for tourism are divided into capital, labor, materials and knowledge. Materials include natural and human-made assets like cultures, wildlife, buildings and infrastructure. Sustainable planning is needed because resources are finite and must be allocated efficiently. The principles of sustainability are holistic planning, preserving ecology, protecting heritage and biodiversity, and ensuring long-term productivity. Tourism development must conserve resources, maintain attractions, limit overcrowding, and be politically and socially acceptable.
This document discusses sustainable tourism development. It outlines 4 stages of destination development: discovery, development, stagnation, and potential decline or rejuvenation. It emphasizes that sustainable tourism aims to meet present needs without compromising future needs. Key prerequisites for sustainable tourism include high quality attractions, infrastructure, community support, government assistance, safety, and codes of ethics. Various stakeholders like the private sector, government, and NGOs play important roles.
The document outlines the key steps in the tourism planning process:
1) Assessment of existing tourism demand and supply to understand opportunities and challenges
2) Establishing objectives for what tourism can contribute economically and socially
3) Territorial planning to identify ideal locations for tourism development while avoiding overconcentration or environmental damage
4) Planning basic infrastructure like transportation, energy, and facilities to support tourism operations
5) Financial planning to assess costs and funding sources for tourism projects and infrastructure
6) Human resource planning to identify training needs and jobs required to support the tourism industry
7) Establishing an administrative structure like a tourism department or agency to manage planning and operations
8) Marketing and promotion both within and outside the country to launch the
This document discusses tourism resources and planning. It outlines the characteristics of tourism resources, including that they are tangible objects not solely used by tourists and are perishable. It also discusses the evolution of tourism planning from a physical approach to a more flexible process that maximizes benefits and minimizes costs. Key concepts discussed include carrying capacity, which determines the sustainable level of use for resources, and the tourist area life cycle, which outlines the stages of development and decline of tourism destinations.
The document discusses the evolution of tourism planning since World War 2 from a state-oriented approach to a more regional and systems-based approach. It also discusses how tourism can benefit local communities economically and socially if planned carefully, but uncontrolled development can lead to false expectations. Finally, it stresses the importance of community involvement in tourism planning through various consultation methods to develop robust plans that consider local impacts and create recognizable tourism destinations.
The document discusses the benefits of meditation for reducing stress and anxiety. Regular meditation practice can help calm the mind and body by lowering heart rate and blood pressure. Studies have shown that meditating for just 10-20 minutes per day can have significant positive impacts on both mental and physical health over time.
Tourism planning involves setting goals and developing strategies to accomplish those goals. It is a multidimensional activity that considers social, economic, political, and environmental factors. Effective tourism planning requires assessing existing conditions, analyzing data, developing recommendations, and monitoring outcomes. The planning process aims to maximize tourism's benefits while minimizing negative impacts on communities and the environment.
Sustainable tourism development aims to balance the economic, social, and environmental impacts of tourism. It takes into account the needs of visitors, industry, host communities, and the environment. Sustainable tourism ensures the quality of visitors' experiences and host communities' livelihoods while conserving natural and cultural resources for future generations. It considers the socio-cultural and environmental impacts of tourism as well as a destination's carrying capacity - the maximum number of visitors that can be supported without damaging the environment or local community. Achieving sustainable tourism requires addressing issues like exclusivity, policies and practices, resource management, and involving local communities.
This document provides an analysis of the business and event tourism sector. It begins with an introduction and overview of business tourism, outlining the key market segments of meetings, incentives, conferences, and exhibitions. It then discusses the characteristics and economic benefits of business tourism as well as business traveller needs. The document analyzes the size and structure of the business and event tourism sector in Ireland and internationally. It provides details on major industry events, facilities, and organizers overseas. Finally, it covers the events business and trade organizations.
The document provides an overview of New Zealand's Tourism Planning Toolkit. It discusses how tourism is a major industry in New Zealand, contributing billions to the economy. It outlines local government's key role in tourism through infrastructure, attractions, and funding for marketing. The toolkit is intended to help local governments comprehensively plan for tourism through sections on situation analysis, strategic planning, implementation and monitoring performance.
Lecture 1. Introduction to Tourism Planning and Development(1).pptxPeteirsGTMaturaChiti
This document provides an introduction to tourism planning and development. It defines tourism and discusses the importance of tourism planning. The key goals of tourism development are outlined, such as increasing standards of living and providing recreation. Various forms of tourism planning are described, including economic development planning and infrastructure planning. Barriers to tourism planning like costs and seasonality are also covered. The document emphasizes sustainable tourism development and discusses principles like improving quality of life and maintaining environmental quality.
This document discusses the concepts of sustainability and sustainable development. It provides definitions from the Brundtland Report and outlines two schools of thought on sustainability - strong vs weak. It describes four types of capital stocks - human, physical, environmental, and socio-cultural. Sustainable tourism is discussed as having environmental, economic, and socio-cultural components. Principles of sustainable tourism include cultural, social, ecological, economic, conservation, education, and local participation elements. Determinants of carrying capacity include both local factors like social structure, culture, environment, economy, politics, and resources, as well as alien factors like tourist characteristics, activities, and management/technology. Impacts are monitored through parameters and standards to determine
Tourism is a large and complex industry that involves every area of a country. The goals of tourism development are to raise living standards through economic benefits, develop infrastructure for tourists and residents, and establish suitable development within tourist centers. However, tourism development faces several hindrances related to lack of transportation, accommodations, financing, and trained personnel. Political aspects like land use zoning, infrastructure construction and maintenance, and promotional programs also impact tourism development.
Tourism planning and development (Introduction)Mike Joseph
The document discusses tourism planning and development. It explains that tourism planning involves coordinating with government agencies and private sector businesses to improve tourism infrastructure and ensure travelers' needs are met. Effective planning provides resources for tourists while allowing destinations and businesses to enhance their tourism offerings. However, a lack of planning can lead to an unorganized industry with decreased profits as planning helps destinations appeal to markets and maximize opportunities.
This document discusses key concepts in marketing tourism, including the traditional 4Ps marketing mix of product, price, place, and promotion. It notes that tourism products have intangible characteristics like experiences. The 7Ps model is also introduced, which expands on the traditional model by including people, process, and physical evidence. Tourism differs from other industries in that the product experience spans from pre-trip anticipation to post-trip reflection, and involves integrating multiple suppliers. Marketing tourism requires understanding target markets' expectations and managing employees, processes, and physical facilities to deliver a consistent brand experience.
Introduction of Tourism and Hospitality Marketing
Characteristics of the Tourism Industry
Tangible
Inseparable
Variable
Seasonal
Substitutable
High involvement
The document discusses tourism development at multiple scales, from individual sites and destinations to regional scales involving many jurisdictions over long time periods. It addresses factors like transportation, attractions, utilities, and links between sites that are important for planning tourism destinations and regions. Additionally, it outlines considerations for developing tourism businesses and attractions as well as planning transportation, information/promotion, and accounting for social and environmental impacts.
Sustainable tourism aims to meet the needs of tourists and host communities while preserving resources for future generations. It emerged in response to uncontrolled tourism growth damaging resources. Sustainable tourism principles include ecological sustainability to minimize environmental impacts, social and cultural sustainability to respect local communities, and economic sustainability to provide fair benefits to stakeholders. Tools to achieve sustainability include regulations, visitor management techniques, protected areas, carrying capacity calculations, and stakeholder consultation.
This document discusses key concepts in tourism planning including approaches, techniques, levels, elements, and processes. Some key points:
- Tourism planning is necessary to coordinate sectors and maximize economic and cultural benefits while avoiding environmental degradation.
- Approaches include systems, comprehensive, integrated, environmental, community, and implementable approaches.
- Levels of planning include international, national, regional, subregional, land use, facility site, facility design, and special studies.
- Major elements in planning a destination include market analysis, resource assessment, marketing, economic analysis, environment, and social impact.
- The planning process involves steps like market analysis, conceptual planning, master planning, implementation, and evaluation.
The students who have asked difficult questions, which have helped us clarify our own thinking, and the students from many countries who have provided us with interesting insights into the national and cultural differences in tourist behavior.
Sustainable tourism planning and developmentAMALDASKH
The document discusses sustainable tourism planning and development. It defines sustainable development as meeting present needs without compromising future needs. Resources for tourism are divided into capital, labor, materials and knowledge. Materials include natural and human-made assets like cultures, wildlife, buildings and infrastructure. Sustainable planning is needed because resources are finite and must be allocated efficiently. The principles of sustainability are holistic planning, preserving ecology, protecting heritage and biodiversity, and ensuring long-term productivity. Tourism development must conserve resources, maintain attractions, limit overcrowding, and be politically and socially acceptable.
This document discusses sustainable tourism development. It outlines 4 stages of destination development: discovery, development, stagnation, and potential decline or rejuvenation. It emphasizes that sustainable tourism aims to meet present needs without compromising future needs. Key prerequisites for sustainable tourism include high quality attractions, infrastructure, community support, government assistance, safety, and codes of ethics. Various stakeholders like the private sector, government, and NGOs play important roles.
The document outlines the key steps in the tourism planning process:
1) Assessment of existing tourism demand and supply to understand opportunities and challenges
2) Establishing objectives for what tourism can contribute economically and socially
3) Territorial planning to identify ideal locations for tourism development while avoiding overconcentration or environmental damage
4) Planning basic infrastructure like transportation, energy, and facilities to support tourism operations
5) Financial planning to assess costs and funding sources for tourism projects and infrastructure
6) Human resource planning to identify training needs and jobs required to support the tourism industry
7) Establishing an administrative structure like a tourism department or agency to manage planning and operations
8) Marketing and promotion both within and outside the country to launch the
This document discusses tourism resources and planning. It outlines the characteristics of tourism resources, including that they are tangible objects not solely used by tourists and are perishable. It also discusses the evolution of tourism planning from a physical approach to a more flexible process that maximizes benefits and minimizes costs. Key concepts discussed include carrying capacity, which determines the sustainable level of use for resources, and the tourist area life cycle, which outlines the stages of development and decline of tourism destinations.
The document discusses the evolution of tourism planning since World War 2 from a state-oriented approach to a more regional and systems-based approach. It also discusses how tourism can benefit local communities economically and socially if planned carefully, but uncontrolled development can lead to false expectations. Finally, it stresses the importance of community involvement in tourism planning through various consultation methods to develop robust plans that consider local impacts and create recognizable tourism destinations.
The document discusses the benefits of meditation for reducing stress and anxiety. Regular meditation practice can help calm the mind and body by lowering heart rate and blood pressure. Studies have shown that meditating for just 10-20 minutes per day can have significant positive impacts on both mental and physical health over time.
Tourism planning involves setting goals and developing strategies to accomplish those goals. It is a multidimensional activity that considers social, economic, political, and environmental factors. Effective tourism planning requires assessing existing conditions, analyzing data, developing recommendations, and monitoring outcomes. The planning process aims to maximize tourism's benefits while minimizing negative impacts on communities and the environment.
Sustainable tourism development aims to balance the economic, social, and environmental impacts of tourism. It takes into account the needs of visitors, industry, host communities, and the environment. Sustainable tourism ensures the quality of visitors' experiences and host communities' livelihoods while conserving natural and cultural resources for future generations. It considers the socio-cultural and environmental impacts of tourism as well as a destination's carrying capacity - the maximum number of visitors that can be supported without damaging the environment or local community. Achieving sustainable tourism requires addressing issues like exclusivity, policies and practices, resource management, and involving local communities.
This document provides an analysis of the business and event tourism sector. It begins with an introduction and overview of business tourism, outlining the key market segments of meetings, incentives, conferences, and exhibitions. It then discusses the characteristics and economic benefits of business tourism as well as business traveller needs. The document analyzes the size and structure of the business and event tourism sector in Ireland and internationally. It provides details on major industry events, facilities, and organizers overseas. Finally, it covers the events business and trade organizations.
The document provides an overview of New Zealand's Tourism Planning Toolkit. It discusses how tourism is a major industry in New Zealand, contributing billions to the economy. It outlines local government's key role in tourism through infrastructure, attractions, and funding for marketing. The toolkit is intended to help local governments comprehensively plan for tourism through sections on situation analysis, strategic planning, implementation and monitoring performance.
This document defines different types of events and their relationship to tourism. It identifies organized occasions such as meetings, conventions, exhibitions and special events as events. These events often include several related functions and involve unique management, programming, settings and people. The document also categorizes cultural events as activities that contribute to social and cultural life, sporting events as competitions for spectator entertainment, and business events as meetings, incentive travel, conferences and exhibitions.
The tourism planning process begins with identifying a potential tourist destination, such as a hotel, resort, lake, temple or natural attraction. A SWOT analysis is then conducted to assess the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of developing the site. Demand and existing infrastructure are analyzed to determine how to develop the attractions, amenities and marketing of the site. Goals and a development plan are created and approved by stakeholders. The site is transformed over time based on the plan and promoted collectively to attract more tourists.
This document discusses the role of planning in tourism development at different geographic scales. It outlines three common approaches to tourism planning: master plans, incremental plans, and systematic plans. Planning is important for tourism as it can control physical development, coordinate fragmented tourism activities, link to sustainability principles, distribute economic benefits, integrate tourism politically, and match supply and demand. The document then examines tourism planning specifically at the national, regional, and local levels and how the focus and details of planning differ across scales but still remain interconnected.
Unit 12: Responsible Tourism Policy And Planning For Tourism Authoritiesduanesrt
This document outlines topics related to responsible tourism policy and planning for tourism authorities. It discusses the importance of tourism to governments and the challenge of achieving sustainable growth. Some key points covered include how to incorporate sustainability into tourism plans through impact assessments and identifying policy areas. It also addresses the need to balance economic, social and environmental objectives in tourism planning. Specific issues are examined for tourism infrastructure, facilities and services. The overall aim is to provide guidance to tourism authorities on fostering responsible tourism development.
The document discusses destination planning and life cycles according to Plog's model, which proposes that destinations appeal to different groups - innovators, mass market, and late adopters - as they develop and become more commercialized over time. It also outlines consequences of lack of planning such as damage to the environment and culture, loss of local identity, and failure to capitalize on new opportunities. Additionally, barriers to planning like costs and industry diversity are mentioned.
This document provides an overview of event tourism guidance and the events industry. It begins with a brief history of events, noting some major sporting events in South Africa's history. It then discusses the benefits of hosting events, such as addressing historical imbalances and creating a positive image. Next, it defines event management and the events industry, describing event tourism as the systematic development, planning, marketing, and holding of events. It outlines objectives of event tourism, distinguishing between event tourists and visitors. Finally, it categorizes different types or genres of events and provides examples of events in each genre.
This document discusses two classification systems for categorizing tourists - Cohen's classification and Plog's classification. Cohen's classification divides tourists into four categories based on their level of independence and routine: organized mass tourist, individual mass tourist, explorer, and drifter. Plog's classification categorizes tourists based on their personality and desire for new experiences versus security and familiarity into psychocentric, mid-centric, and allocentric types. The document provides descriptions of each type of tourist in both classification systems and encourages analyzing which destinations and activities would appeal more to each type.
The document discusses two main categories of tourism: mass tourism and alternative tourism. Mass tourism involves large groups traveling to specialized locations with fixed programs and packages. Alternative tourism is individually planned and focuses on experiencing local cultures first-hand in secluded areas during non-peak times by arranging one's own travel. The document provides examples of different types of tourism like pleasure, business, nature, cultural, social, recreation, active, sports, religious, health, adventure, wilderness, and ecotourism.
This document discusses various types of special tourism services and products that have emerged to meet the evolving needs of travelers. It identifies eco, cultural, rural, adventure, health, new age, and educational tourism as specialized segments that have grown in the leisure market. In the business travel market, it focuses on the MICE industry (meetings, incentives, conferences, exhibitions), and the roles of meeting planners, convention centers, event managers, and convention and visitor bureaus in organizing specialized events.
What is international tourism?
• Tourism is the generic term used to cover both demand and
supply that has been adopted in a variety of forms and used
throughout the world. International tourism essentially
refers to the activities undertaken by visitors, also known
as the visitor economy. The tourism industry encompasses
all activity that takes place within the visitor economy.
• This includes activities that are directly related to the
tourist, such as staying in a hotel, ordering a meal or
visiting a tourist attraction. It also includes indirect
activities, such as the transport company which delivers
the food to the restaurant in which the tourist eats or the
laundry company that has a contract with the hotel for
cleaning bed sheets.
• It is largely due to the indirect contributions to tourism,
that defining and measuring the tourism industry is so
difficult!
International tourism definitions
• Tourism is a phenomenon with no universally accepted
definition, owing to the complexity and individualism of
the travellers themselves and the activities that they
choose to undertake.
• The most widely utilised definition of tourism, proposed
by the World Trade Organisation (WTO) and United States
(UN) Nations Statistics Division (1994), prescribes that
in order to qualify as a tourist one must travel and remain
in a place outside of their usual residential environment
for not more than one consecutive year for leisure,
business or other purposes.
• Matheison and Wall (1982) on the other hand, do not impose
a timeframe, simply stating that one must travel to a
destination temporarily.
• Leiper (1979) believed that defining tourism is more
complex than this, proposing that there are three
approaches that can be taken. The economic stance focuses
on tourism as a business, the technical stance focusses on
the tourist in order to provide a common basis by which to
collect data and the holistic stance attempts to include
the entire essence of the subject.
• The Cambridge Dictionary define tourism quite simply as;
‘the business of providing services such as transport,
This document discusses enclave tourism and the concept of leakage in tourism. It provides the following key points:
1) Enclave tourism, like all-inclusive resorts, is characterized by high levels of leakage as tourists rarely interact with local communities beyond resort staff. Most spending goes to international companies rather than local businesses.
2) Leakage occurs through import leakage when resorts import goods to meet tourist demands, and export leakage when profits are repatriated overseas by foreign investors. This can result in up to 80% of tourist spending leaving the local economy.
3) Reducing leakage and maximizing local economic benefits requires strategies like regulating foreign ownership, supporting small local businesses, and reinvesting
Tourism is a complex, multi-sector industry that involves the movement and activities of people outside their normal places of residence. The document defines tourism from several perspectives and outlines the key elements that make up the tourism system, including tourists, destinations, generating regions, and transit routes. It also discusses push and pull factors that influence travel and introduces Leiper's model of the tourism system, which views tourism as interactions between these geographical and organizational components.
TOURISM DEFINITION & IMPORTANCE OF TOURISM.pptxkittustudy7
Tourism involves traveling for pleasure or business purposes. It has become an important economic activity, contributing to the economies of many countries through foreign exchange earnings, tax revenue, job creation, and more. Tourism is beneficial as it enhances quality of life, provides education opportunities, supports local economies and communities, and helps preserve local cultures.
The document discusses a seminar on tourism and local economic development that addressed how businesses in the tourism industry can increase their contributions to local economic development and pro-poor growth. Key points raised included the importance of facilitating local community access to tourism markets and opportunities, developing local capacity, and measuring and demonstrating impacts on local economies and poverty reduction. There was consensus that developers, financiers, hoteliers and tour operators all have roles to play in creating such opportunities and that a coordinated sector-wide approach is needed.
The document discusses tourism policy and development in Spain. It provides background on international tourism trends reaching 1 billion arrivals in 2012. It then focuses on Spain, noting that tourism receipts were up significantly in 2012, led by emerging markets like China and traditional markets like Germany and the US. The document discusses how tourism has become an important part of Spain's economy and balance of payments, particularly through the "travel" portion of the current account. It also outlines Spain's national tourism organization and how regional policies have evolved to support the tourism sector as an economic development strategy.
The document discusses tourism policy and development in Spain. It provides background on:
- International tourism reaching 1 billion arrivals in 2012, with Europe surpassing 500 million.
- Spain experiencing a 9% increase in tourism receipts in 2011, with emerging markets like China and India among the top spenders.
- Tourism accounting for 5% of world GDP and employment, making it an important economic development strategy.
- Spain having comparative advantages for tourism development over other industries due to natural/cultural resources, lower import costs, and labor intensity.
- Tourism contributing significantly to Spain's balance of payments and current accounts.
- The role of policies and organizations like Turespaña in promoting Spanish tourism supply,
A2 CAMBRIDGE GEOGRAPHY: GLOBAL INTERDEPENDENCE - THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATI...George Dumitrache
This document discusses international tourism and its growth and impact. It provides definitions of key tourism terms and describes some of the economic, social, political, and environmental factors that have contributed to the rapid expansion of global tourism over recent decades. While tourism has benefited many countries and communities, the document also examines some of the negative cultural, economic, and environmental consequences that have occurred in some destinations as a result of mass tourism development.
This document provides an overview of responsible tourism principles. It begins by defining tourism and describing the global tourism market. It then discusses the positive and negative social, economic, and environmental impacts of tourism. The principles of responsible tourism and sustainable development are explained, including the triple bottom line of considering economic, environmental and social factors. The benefits of responsible tourism for businesses, tourists, and local communities are outlined. Finally, the document discusses the Cape Town Declaration which established guiding principles for responsible tourism, including minimizing impacts and maximizing benefits for local communities while involving them in decisions.
6 7 8_merencanakan pariwisata berkelanjutan berbasis masyarakatEko Efendi
Tourism planning has evolved over time from a boosterism approach focused on economic growth to more holistic approaches centered around sustainability and community involvement. Effective tourism planning requires considering the economic, environmental, and socio-cultural impacts of tourism using a systems approach that integrates stakeholders. While planning principles aim to maximize benefits and minimize problems, implementation of tourism plans remains challenging due to the complex, long-term nature of sustainable development.
The document discusses the role and potential of tourism in South Africa's economy. It notes that while tourism contributed only 2% to GDP in 1994, there was potential to triple its contribution by 2000. Domestic tourism plays an important role. The document outlines barriers that have prevented South Africa from realizing tourism's full potential, such as inadequate funding, limited community involvement, and lack of infrastructure. It proposes developing tourism in a sustainable and responsible way to benefit communities and the environment. The vision is for tourism to significantly improve South Africans' quality of life through job creation and economic growth while practicing good environmental stewardship.
The document discusses the role and potential of tourism in South Africa's economy. It notes that in the 1990s, tourism contributed a small percentage to GDP but was one of the top foreign exchange earners. There was potential to triple tourism's contribution to the national income and double foreign exchange earnings by 2000 if constraints were addressed. These constraints included underfunding, limited community involvement, lack of infrastructure especially in rural areas, and crime. The document lays out a vision for South Africa to become a global leader in responsible tourism through community participation, environmental protection, and addressing barriers like seasonality, skills shortages, and lack of geographic spread.
This document discusses the definition, types, benefits and future of tourism. Tourism is defined as temporary travel and stay by non-residents for purposes other than work. There are various types of tourists including recreational, religious, and adventure tourists. Tourism provides employment, cultural enrichment, and is a force for peace. It contributes significantly to the global economy. While tourism growth benefits economies, it also poses risks like environmental damage and income inequality if not managed sustainably. Policies are needed to enhance destination competitiveness through factors like safety, prices and environmental protection.
Tourism is very important for many small island developing states (SIDS) as it provides a major source of income and economic growth. However, SIDS face challenges like high tourism leakages, weak economic multipliers from tourism spending, and negative impacts on other industries from real exchange rate appreciation caused by increased tourism. While tourism can boost GDP in the short-run, it often hurts traditional exports and import competing industries in the long-run for SIDS due to these issues. Careful planning is needed to maximize tourism's benefits and minimize its costs for small island economies.
Tourism planning involves setting goals and developing strategies to achieve those goals through a multi-step process. The key steps include setting objectives, conducting surveys to collect data, analyzing the data, formulating policies and plans, making recommendations, implementing plans, and ongoing monitoring. Tourism planning is necessary to optimize economic benefits, ensure environmental sustainability, and balance social impacts. It involves coordination across different levels from international to local. Failure to properly plan can result in overdevelopment and negative consequences for communities and the environment.
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The document discusses the role of Local Government Units (LGUs) in promoting tourism development. It notes that LGUs are key players in local economic development and should take a more proactive role. Tourism is identified as a major sector that can contribute to local economic growth. The document provides examples of how LGUs can support tourism through developing enabling environments, product and destination development, and marketing and promotion. It also outlines challenges and needs such as improving infrastructure, skills development, and attracting more visitors and investments.
The document outlines South Africa's 2012-2020 Domestic Tourism Growth Strategy. It aims to increase domestic tourism's contribution to GDP by growing the domestic market. The four strategic objectives are to increase expenditure, volume, combat seasonality, and enhance a culture of travel. Five domestic market segments are identified for targeted marketing - spontaneous budget explorers, family travelers, cultural enthusiasts, event-goers, and luxury travelers. Segmentation allows tailoring products and information to different groups' needs and motivations to boost domestic tourism.
The document outlines South Africa's 2012-2020 Domestic Tourism Growth Strategy. It aims to increase domestic tourism's contribution to GDP by growing the domestic market. The four strategic objectives are to increase expenditure, volume, combat seasonality, and enhance a culture of travel. Five domestic market segments are identified based on demographics and travel preferences. The strategy will be implemented through activities like improving existing offerings, developing new products, and marketing campaigns tailored to each segment.
This chapter discusses the key players involved in tourism planning and management: tourists, host communities, governments, the tourism industry, non-governmental organizations, and media. It outlines the basic responsibilities of tourists and the rights they should expect to have protected. The host community is described as heterogeneous and can both passively receive tourists or actively participate in tourism planning. Governments are involved in tourism for reasons such as representing all stakeholders impartially and developing necessary infrastructure. The tourism industry self-regulates its operations through marketing. NGOs include interest groups and industry associations. Media plays a key role by providing travel information to the public.
2. WHAT IS PLANNING?
• Focuses on change
• Needed to accommodate future change
• Planning produces a set of decisions which allow for the
preparation of future action
• Planning could be for roads, balance sheets,
destinations, from the perspective of a private firm,
nationally etc.
3. A DEFINITION OF PLANNING
“Planning is the process of identifying
objectives and defining and evaluating methods of
achieving them. By comprehensive planning we mean
planning which considers all of the tourism resources,
organizations, markets, and programs within a region.
Comprehensive planning also considers economic,
environmental, social, and institutional aspects of
tourism development.”
Stynes and O’Halloran, Michigan State University (1987)
4. TOURISM PLANNING PROCESS
• Issue/problem definition
• The process of problem definition (e.g. there
are not enough tourist attractions, the airport is
too small or perhaps there is not enough
interest in investment, etc.)
• Policy formulation
• Policy implementation
• The problem is superseded or redefined
• Policy Outcome
5. TOURISM’S GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND NATURE
• Tourism is changing at a rapid pace.
• It can give an economic boost to society, different parts of the
economy, culture, etc. However, tourism can equally have a
detrimental effect upon the environment.
• Tourism supports the production of goods and services.
• Usually only front-end tourism is observed, but there are many
indirect effects – multiplier effects
• Tourism is a fragmented product (and a fragmented industry). It
affects both the public and private sector. It is unlike the
manufacturing industry which is self-contained for example.
• Tourism affects many different parts of the economy, some obvious,
such as accommodation and transportation, others less so, such as
the landscape or farming.
6. TOURISM’S GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND NATURE
• Probably the key reason for the development of tourism
is foreign exchange. Excellent examples are Spain and
the Maldives (Indian Ocean) which have developed and
modernised due primarily to tourism.
• Tourism is an “invisible export” industry. Tourists from
the US, France, etc are invisible exports. Whilst they are
not physical exports in the manner of cars or inanimate
objects, their impact is considered the same. All
countries with international tourism face similar
problems and challenges.
7. TOURISM’S GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND NATURE
• Tourism is dominated by SMEs (small mediumsized enterprises).
• It includes a multitude of leisure-time activities.
• Tourism supply is a result of productive activities
and services. These services meet tourism
demand (or that is the general idea).
• Tourism supply is expressed in tourism
consumption.
8. POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF TOURISM
POLITICAL
• The Balearic Islands’ (Majorca, Minorca, Ibiza, Formentera, etc)
government fell as a result of its tourist policy. Majorca’s tourist
policy failed and led to a change of government.
• Tourism has been used as a means of establishing international
acceptability (e.g. Turkey, Cuba)
ECONOMIC
• Large leakages of capital, expensive damage to environment or
strains on local infrastructure
• Increases in employment and indirect employment
9. POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF TOURISM
SOCIAL
•
•
Tensions between locals and holidaymakers.
In the Costa del Sol and Andalusia holidaymakers have appreciated the
area so much that they have purchased property there – also see property
purchasing in the WESTERN CAPE
TECHNOLOGICAL & CULTURAL
•
•
Potential loss of identity as places become more westernised.
Improvements in technology and the establishment of small businesses
such as web cafés.
ENVIRONMENTAL
•
•
Destruction of natural environments, water shortages, loss of natural areas.
Increase in awareness and education of natural protection and the
development of sustainable tourism
10. TOURISM EMPLOYMENT
Many Positive aspects:
• It is easily developed.
• It has many sectors/opportunities.
• Work is flexible: there is both part-time and seasonal
work, and it provides employment for unskilled labour.
• Tourism is a labour-intensive industry: its “personal”
service can not be replaced by machine labour.
• It is seen as an interesting industry for its workers.
• It has a “low-entry cost”: it costs approximately two
thirds less than the cost of the set up of a factory job.
• It has destination-area (i.e. local) impacts.
11. NEGATIVE IMPACTS
• The tourism product is a perishable product: it has a
life-span. For example, hotel rooms are perishable
products. If a company makes 100 holidays and sells 90,
there are 10 it never can sell.
• Tourism is subject to unpredictable external
influences, for example the weather, politics,
economics, natural disasters etc. For example, foot and
mouth disease prevented countryside tourism in England
for around 2 years.
• The capital costs to produce are not significant if
success is achieved. A successful destination, such as
Majorca, required few objects to start, and produced a
considerably high yield. On the other hand, it can be an
expensive mistake.
12. IS TOURISM SIGNIFICANT?
• Tourism constitutes more than 9.3% of the world GDP
(gross domestic product) - US$6, 630.4bn (Total
contribution)
• International arrivals worldwide have grown by 5% in
2013 reaching a record of 1, 087 million (additional 52
million international tourists in 2013)
• It is estimated that it generates 261, 394, 000 jobs (101,
118, 000 direct)
• Travel & Tourism investment in 2012 was USD764.7bn,
or 4.7% of total investment. It should rise by 4.2% in
2013, and rise by 5.3% pa over the next ten years to
US$1,341.4bn in 2023 (4.9% of total).
•
Source: http://www.wttc.org/site_media/uploads/downloads/world2013_1.pdf
13. HOW SIGNIFICANT IS TOURISM?
• International tourism in emerging & developing markets has grown
at an average rate of 6-8% over the past decade. Twice the rate of
industrialized countries.
• Tourism is a crucial contributor to these countries’ income - up to
70% for the world’s poorest countries.
• Development financing from global Trade; Poverty Alleviation and
Climate Response should recognize the long term potential of
tourism as a sustainable growth engine.
• With international travellers projected to almost double by 2020, the
most significant increases are expected to take place in markets like
China, India and destinations in South-East Asia.
•
Source: World Tourism Organization 2008
14. PLANNING FOR TOURISM – GENERAL PRINCIPLES
Three general principles:
• Anticipate. Projections need to be made: will tourism
grow or shrink?
• Regulate. Tourism in SA is in many ways not highly
regulated, although it is indirectly in other ways but this is
slowly changing.
• Monitoring. A collection of data is made to see how the
industry is performing.
15. PLANNING FOR TOURISM – GENERAL PRINCIPLES
In addition:
• We try to enhance the tourist experience.
• We try to contribute to the wider sustainability
of the destination/place without causing long
term side effects or being detrimental to the
host population.
16. AIM OF PLANNING
• The aim of planning is to balance public and
private sector interests.
• The private sector is profit-driven.
• The public sector is more concerned with
managing growth.
17. TOURISM POLICIES
• What are the aims of tourist policy? Who are its
targets?
• Tourism policy implies the direction and
objectives an organisation wishes to pursue
over a set period of time.
• SA: expansionist policies.
• Some countries consider that they have
enough tourism.
• Some tourist policies may be not-for-profit
18. GOVERNMENT INTEREST
• A key interest is to curb outflow.
• The government tries its best to boost domestic
tourism for obvious reasons.
• Governments may attempt to maximise the opportunities
of the domestic population to travel – SHO’T LEFT &
VAYA MZANZI
• Inbound tourism is encouraged to intake foreignexchange earnings. In association with this, SA Tourism
has tourist offices abroad.
• “Social tourism” policies are sometimes adopted, such
as enabling holidays within the governmental country.
For example, in Spain, retired people are allowed
subsidies to holiday within Spain.
19. GOVERNMENT INTEREST
• Tourism can be useful for seeking political
acceptability, such as in Turkey and Vietnam.
• In the USSR and the former Eastern Bloc tourism was
tightly controlled to deter it’s own citizens from travelling.
• Spanish Dictator General Franco also used tourism as a
vehicle to gain political acceptability during the 1960’s.
• Libya also opened up to tourism as a means of
attempting to improve international relations
20. STATE INVOLVEMENT
• Competition needs to be encouraged and regulated.
• The state provides infrastructure. In most countries, the
state provides airports, planning, regulation; it plans for
tourism development. Most airports think in terms of
expansion, of a growth strategy.
• The public interest is planned for (supposedly) by the
state.
21. STATE INVOLVEMENT
• Most countries have a NTO (National Tourism
Organisation or National Tourism Office). In SA, this is
“SA Tourism”. Most of these are funded, and this funding
is often 2-way or 3-way.
• In SA, the state funds the NTO. In many other countries
however, NTO’s are funded by the private sector. Usually
NTOs are provided by a hybrid of funding bodies.
• Usually the tourism body “resides” in a department or
ministry (a larger body than a department) – not so in SA
22. CRITICISMS OF PUBLIC SECTOR AND RECREATION TOURISM
DEVELOPMENT RESPONSES
• As a political activity, tourism policy can be criticised, due to
changes with:
• Attitudes (national attitudes could be strongly against tourism
within their country).
• Too narrow or too broad outlooks
• Political Ideology
• Tourism policy tends to be complex and convoluted
• Tourism is usually not the core focus of the planning process.
There is a cross-agency responsibility.
• Public sector responses are ad-hoc: they tend not to be planned
with an over-arching plan, but incrementally – this can be
dangerous
23.
24. CLASS EXERCISE
•
BACKGROUND OF THE AREA:
• Highly populated, mostly informal settlement
• Box manufacturing company that employs about 200 workers (mostly
from the nearby community)
• Approximately 15 locally owned guesthouses that are not appealing to
tourists and are not sustainable
• One national monument
• 3 old and run-down churches
• Three primary schools
• Two high schools
• One world cup stadium
• Roads typically in bad condition except near the stadium
• One separate sports field that was supposed to be used for youth
development but closed to the public and not looked after
• Somewhat unreliable public transport service that includes taxis and
buses
25. CLASS EXERCISE – TASK INFO
• TASK:
• You are an investor that wants to build a soccer themed theme
park in the area
• Will need some of the land on which the manufacturing plant is
located as well as a nearby primary school
• Come up with a short proposal that includes an idea or ideas on
how this can benefit the local community as well as contribute to
South Africa’s growing tourism industry.
• Focus on one aspect and try to come up with an innovative
solution that will make your proposal more appealing to the
community, government, local businesses, and other potential
investors