The document outlines terms of reference for producing and broadcasting radio programs to promote handwashing with soap in Malawi. It provides background on handwashing promotion efforts in the country and discusses how radio will be used to increase awareness of the importance and benefits of handwashing with soap. The key objectives are to motivate individuals, households, schools, and communities to adopt handwashing with soap at critical times through messages on national radio stations and listening clubs in 15 districts. Producers will document best practices and work with partners to address the low rate of handwashing in Malawi.

1. TERMS OF REFERENCE
Terms of Reference
Production and Broadcasting of Radio Programs to Promote Handwashing (with Soap)
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1. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Hand washing with soap remains the single most and cost-effective way of prevention of diseases
which include diarrhoea. Malawi has over the past years championed improved sanitation and
hygiene which includes hand washing with soap at all critical times. Through the WASH programme
UNICEF has supported the Government of Malawi implement the Open defecation (2010-2015)
strategy and hand washing with soap (2011-2016) strategies to raise awareness and increase
uptake of hygiene and sanitation in the country. According to the Malawi Demographic and Health
Survey 2015-2016, 52% of Malawians have adopted improved sanitation while 31% of the
population use facilities that would’ve been considered improved if it were not for sharing while 6%
are still practising open defecation.
With several WASH interventions being implemented in Malawi targeting various components of
WASH including safe water supply, human excreta disposal (sanitation), hygiene education and
promotion in schools, health care centres and households, UNICEF has particularly championed
access to safe water, improved sanitation and hygiene using a number of approaches which include
Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS. The Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS). The CLTS
approach was adopted in 2008, to reduce open defecation country-wide (ODF Strategy Malawi,
2011). CLTS is a participatory community-based approach to rural sanitation which aims to assist
individuals and communities to recognize the problem of open defecation, its dangers, and then take
action towards becoming ‘open defecation free’ (ODF). Realising the potential of learners as
change agents, the Malawi government introduced School-Led Total Sanitation (SLTS) as part of
its effort to promote open defecation free environments in schools as well as increase the rate of
handwashing with soap (Maulit 2012). Both CLTS and SLTS programmes use participatory,
community-based triggering process to promote hygiene and eliminate open defecation. The
triggering process helps communities realize the problem and dangers of open defecation, and
facilitate them to take action to become ODF). Using Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS),
UNICEF has mobilized and triggered over 6,000 villages for ODF leading to district wide ODF in
districts like Dowa and Balaka among others.
Using Communication for development principles, UNICEF has promoted behaviour change and
practices in WASH and a shift in norms for the adoption of improved water, sanitation and hygiene
behaviours and practices. Through C4D, several strategies which aimed to promote behaviour
change have been implemented over the years. Evidence from programme reports shows
effectiveness in improving certain behaviours despite lack of evidence on maintenance of the
acquired behaviour. Among home-based care clients, there was 45% increase in water treatment,
23% increase in use of covered water storage containers, and 53% increase in use of the two-cup
system to draw water. In terms of handwashing, there was a 50% increase in observed handwashing
facilities, and an increase in the use of soap for handwashing. In addition, the number of observed
handwashing facilities with water and soap, ash or sand increased (76% and 52% respectively)
Handwashing with soap (HWWS) is one of the most effective hygiene promotion activities for public
health and breaking oral-faecal transmission route of diarrheal disease. It is also a cost-effective
diarrheal disease prevention intervention.
To promote the adoption of hand washing with soap, UNICEF supported the Malawi Government
with the National Handwashing Campaign which hinged on social marketing approach to improve

2. TERMS OF REFERENCE
Terms of Reference
Production and Broadcasting of Radio Programs to Promote Handwashing (with Soap)
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adoption of handwashing practice. The campaign targets school children, mothers and care-givers.
The key strategies to achieve intended behaviour changes in the targeted population include, to:
• Develop and disseminate key messages through mass media,
• Integrate HWWS promotion in CLTS,
• Use social marketing and participatory approaches such as Participatory Hygiene and
Sanitation Transformation (PHAST),
• Ensure availability of handwashing facilities
• Engaging school children as agents of change
• Use of multiple communication channels for behaviour change e.g. radio slots, television,
newspapers, billboards, cell phone tones and messages, IEC materials (posters, leaflets,
stickers, badges, T-shirts etc.), press conferences and direct consumer contact through
rallies, and handwashing demonstration.
Despite strides made in uptake of improved sanitation and hygiene, hand washing with soap remains
low at 10.5 %. Common social and behaviour issues around handwashing include poor hand
washing practices, according to the Promising Communication for Development Approaches for
Promotion of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) Related Behaviours in Eritrea, Malawi,
Mozambique and Zambia: Desk Review (2017). The poor hand washing practise is as a result of
lack of motivation to practice hand washing with soap, the lack of knowledge on the health benefits
of hand washing with soap, community attitude that water is enough for hand washing as well as
lack of connection between handwashing with soap and prevention of diarrhoea and Cholera among
other diseases. There is also general lack of knowledge on the connection between stunting and
hand washing with soap. The study further notes that the hand washing with soap promotion in
Malawi has been fragmented, with some interventions including HWWS while others excluded it
hence the need for more aggressive approaches and scaling up in a more integrated manner.
Through interventions like school led total sanitation (SLTS), UNICEF has supported the creation of
an enabling environment for children to learn while raising awareness on the importance of the
benefits of improved sanitation and hygiene and teaching learners to be change agents in their
communities. This has led to a number of school being declared ODF and awarded the SLTS Star
certificate which acts as a motivation of the achievement the school has made in promoting good
WASH practices.
MDHS (2015-2016), indicates 22% of children under five had diarrhoea episodes 2 weeks before
the survey. With diarrhoea being among the leading causes of death among under 5 children, and
based on the challenge of low uptake of hand washing with soap, a mass media campaign has been
organised. The campaign will focus on increasing awareness among individuals, households,
schools and communities on the importance and benefits of handwashing with soap while raising
awareness on the negative consequences of not practising hand washing with soap. The campaign
will also aim at promoting the benefits of hand washing with soap which include promoting a change
in practice and behaviour by motivating individuals towards uptake of hand washing with soap as
an integral part of their everyday sanitation and hygiene practices in households, institutions and
communities.
Since the underlying causes of lack of hand washing with soap are to do with practices, beliefs and
knowledge, mass media will be used in the production of the radio programmes to promote positive
behaviour and social norms as well as to influence change in negative practices. The programmes

3. TERMS OF REFERENCE
Terms of Reference
Production and Broadcasting of Radio Programs to Promote Handwashing (with Soap)
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will also use C4D principles of community participation and empowerment; generation and use of
available evidence through best practices at household or school level; use of multiple
communication channels which include radio listening clubs to contextualize the communication.
The main objective of the C4D effort will be to mobilize individuals, mothers and caregivers,
households and schools to adopt hand washing with soap as an integral part of sanitation and
hygiene at all the critical times as follows;
• after visiting the toilet,
• before preparing food,
• before eating,
• before breastfeeding and
• after changing a baby’s nappy.
The key activity under this campaign will be use of national broadcasters (MBC and Zodiak) radio
stations. Producers will mobilize radio listening clubs/groups in all 15 WASH districts where the EU
programme has been implemented. Radio has been chosen as it is a widely utilized and consumed
mass media channel in in Malawi. Radio in the country remains the preferred channel and source
of information across a wide spectrum. The National Media and Communication Study among
Youths in Malawi (2017) highlights that Interpersonal communication, community channels and
mass media are the main preferred sources of information among young people in Malawi. The
study further indicated that 40% of the sampled population reported radio as the most widely
available mass media channel in their households while 34% reported to use their mobile phone as
the source for radio, hence making radio the means to conduct this campaign.
Producers will be linked to WASH partners and District Government to document best practices in
WASH as well as service provision in WASH through the work of sanitation clubs at school and
Village Health Committees in communities as well as Health workers at community level.
The strength of MBC and Zodiak radio stations in this campaign are their strategic position and the
wide reach (MACRA 2014 report). Broadcasting houses are expected to mobilise its vast network
of radio listening clubs communities as well as geographical reach even to areas that are
geographically inaccessible and hard to reach as well as a wide accessibility by local people even
of low socio-economic status.
The firm will conduct the monitoring of the radio programmes reach and document any significant
change stories to ensure that campaign implementation is in line with agreed Terms of Reference.
2. SCOPE OF WORK:
As part of this assignment, the firm will be responsible for collection of materials and production of
radio programmes aimed at raising awareness and motivating individuals, families, communities,
institutions on;
• Importance of hand washing with soap at all critical times and general hygiene
• The five critical times for hand washing with soap
• Raise awareness on the benefits of washing hands and its linkage to good health, stunting
and diarrhoea among under five children

4. TERMS OF REFERENCE
Terms of Reference
Production and Broadcasting of Radio Programs to Promote Handwashing (with Soap)
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• Raise awareness and motivate communities to utilise low cost, locally made hand washing
facilities
• Importance of handwashing with soap at critical times and general hygiene.
• Motivating individuals and households on how to sustain hand washing with soap as a
practice and lifestyle
The activity involves production and airing of 30 radio programmes on national broadcasting
stations, namely MBC II and Zodiak i.e 15 programs on each radio station. The programs will be
one from each of the 15 districts with a unique focus on the achievements of the district in hand
washing to provide key information related to the practice. The media campaign will run for a period
of three months.
Program Format
The programs will have a format that aims at:
- Generating discussion among individuals and communities on the benefits of handwashing,
challenges faces and proposed solutions or best practices.
- Creating interface between communities and duty bearers to increase knowledge and
accountability on provision of quality services.
- Sharing best practices from one community of practice to another.
- Generating feedback (including SMS feedback) from communities on issues surrounding
handwashing e.g. challenges, steps in behaviors change to adopt the new practices,
initiatives to influence others (personal and communal advocacy etc).
Specifications
The firm’s outputs are primarily the production and broadcasting of radio programs with key
messages mobilizing individual, families, caregivers, communities, institutions including schools,
CBCCs and health facilities for the adoption and sustenance of hand washing with soap as a norm.
The firm will be accountable for the following:
▪ 30 programs endorsed and approved by UNICEF to be aired on each radio station (Zodiak
and MBC) i.e. 15 main/initial programs and 15 repeats ( each program repeated per week)
▪ 1 promotional and 2 radio spots produced for broadcast.
▪ Materials for broadcast to be endorsed and approved by UNICEF
▪ Documentation on the number of people reached through radio listening and follow up on
community action plans developed through community groups e.g. radio listening
clubs/groups, village health committees
▪ Final Report endorsed and approved by UNICEF
▪ Monthly and final reports endorsed and approved by UNICEF indicating the number of
programs, estimated reach and results captured through feedback e.g. testimonies of
increased knowledge or behavior change
▪ Evidence of broadcasting the programs e.g. sample of broadcasting logs or feedback SMS’s
per program.
It should be noted that proposals can be submitted to produce and air programs for a single national
radio station or for both. UNICEF therefore reserves the right to award 1 contract for both radio
stations or 2 contracts, 1 for each radio station.

5. TERMS OF REFERENCE
Terms of Reference
Production and Broadcasting of Radio Programs to Promote Handwashing (with Soap)
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3. WORKING LOCATIONS:
The programs will be produced with a combination of filed and studio based sessions. For field
sessions, it is expected that the producers will travel to the field for information collection. The travels
can be calculated based on average distances to the North (Chitipa), central region (Dowa) and
Sothern region (Thyolo). While combining trips, the maximum number of days travelled during the
activity should not exceed 15 days.
4. DELIVERABLES:
No Deliverable
Estimated number
of days required
Estimated
Completion
Date
1 UNICEF approved production plan submitted 5
1 September
2018
2
Month 1 report – including programs broadcast in
accordance with production plan, feedback,
results and audio files of programs
20 1 October 2018
4
Final report (including all programs broadcast,
feedback, results and audio files of programs)
40
7 December
2018
All activity and monitoring reports will be submitted in English electronically prior to any invoice which
will be submitted as scheduled. The following indicators will be used to monitor progress in
implementation:
i. Number of radio programs promoting hand washing with soap aired on MBC/Zodiak Radio
per month
ii. Number of radio programmes promoting sanitation and hygiene in general aired on
MBC/Zodiak Radio per month
iii. Number of jingles produced
iv. Number of communities/groups mobilised e.g. Radio listening clubs etc
v. Number of action plans developed by mobilised groups/clubs or communities
vi. Estimated number of people reached through radio programs promoting hand washing with
soap per month.
vii. Number of SMS’s received as feedback from listeners
viii. Feedback analysis report

6. TERMS OF REFERENCE
Terms of Reference
Production and Broadcasting of Radio Programs to Promote Handwashing (with Soap)
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5. PROPOSED PAYMENT SCHEDULE:
The following payment schedule is proposed, payment on completion and approval of each
deliverable:
No Deliverable Payment
1 UNICEF approved production plan submitted 20%
2 Month 1 report 40%
4 Final report 40%
6. MANAGEMENT OVERSIGHT:
Overall management of the campaign will be the responsibility of UNICEF C4D who will work in
liaison with all relevant government ministries and departments primarily the Ministry of Health –
District Environmental and Health Offices and WASH Implementing partners. MBC and Zodiak
Radio Stations will submit monthly monitoring reports to inform decision making on programme
reach, quality management and final attainment of results.
7. QUALIFICATIONS AND EXPERIENCE REQUIRED:
The following is required in terms of the Organisation and the proposed team experience.
The Company
- Demonstrate availability of state of the art audio studio and equipment for indoor and outdoor
recording (to be verified during the evaluation process)
- Demonstrate experience of working with a UN organisation or international organisation
- Demonstrate experience of production and broadcasting of radio programs related health.
Experience in WASH is an advantage
- Experience in the field of media productions for at least 5 years
The Team
- To have adequate educational background in media e.g. diploma in
communication/journalism/media with over 3 years of experience in managing or broadcasting
radio programs. Extensive experience of at least 6 years in production will be regarded in lieu
of diploma.
- Staff should have experience broadcasting programs on Health; especially related to WASH
8. APPLICATION AND EVALUATION PROCESS:

7. TERMS OF REFERENCE
Terms of Reference
Production and Broadcasting of Radio Programs to Promote Handwashing (with Soap)
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Each proposal will be assessed first on its technical merits and subsequently on its price. In making
the final decision, UNICEF considers both technical and financial aspects. The Evaluation Team first
reviews the technical aspects of the offer, followed by review of the financial offers of the technically
compliant vendors. The proposal obtaining the highest overall score after adding the scores for the
technical and financial proposals together, that offers the best value for money will be recommended
for award of the contract.
As part of the evaluation process, UNICEF may request to undertake a visit to the supplier to verify the
studio and equipment to be utilised.
The Technical Proposal should include but not be limited to the following:
- Methodology
Detailed Methodology / approach to requirement detailing how to meet or exceed UNICEF
requirements for this assignment
- Company Profile
Ensure to include information related to the experience of the company as required and outlined in
item 9 of this document.
- References
Details of similar assignments undertaken in last three years including the following information:
o Title of Project
o Year and duration of project
o Scope of Project
o Outcome of Project
o Reference / Contact persons
- Work Plan
Proposed work plan showing detailed sequence and timeline for each activity and man days of each
proposed team member
- Team Composition and experience
o Title and role of each team member
o CV of each team member (including qualifications and experience)
- Any project dependencies or assumptions
The Financial Proposal should include but not be limited to the following:
Bidders are expected to submit a lump sum financial proposal to complete the entire assignment based
on the terms of reference. The lump sum should be broken down to show the detail for the following:
▪ Production
Provide unit and total cost for producing 15 programs
▪ Airing
Provide unit and total cost for airing the 15 programs over 30 slots
(initial broadcasting and repeat)

8. TERMS OF REFERENCE
Terms of Reference
Production and Broadcasting of Radio Programs to Promote Handwashing (with Soap)
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▪ Travel
All travel costs should be included as a lump sum fixed cost.
For all travel costs, UNICEF will pay as per the lump sum fixed costs provided in the proposal.
A breakdown of the lump sum travel costs should be provided in the financial proposal.
It should be noted that proposals can be submitted to produce and air programs for a single national
radio station or for both. UNICEF therefore reserves the right to award 1 contract for production and
airing for both radio stations or 2 contracts, 1 for each radio station.
- Copy of the company registration
- Recent Financial Audit Report
Report should have been carried out in the past 2 years and be certified by a reputable audit
organization.
Bidders are required to estimate travel costs in the Financial Proposal. Please note that i) travel costs
shall be calculated based on economy class fare regardless of the length of travel and ii) costs for
accommodation, meals and incidentals shall not exceed the applicable daily subsistence allowance
(DSA) rates, as propagated by the International Civil Service Commission (ICSC). Details can be found
at http://icsc.un.org
9. EVALUATION WEIGHTING CRITERIA:
Cumulative Analysis will be used to evaluate and award proposals. The evaluation criteria associated
with this TOR is split between technical and financial as follows:
70 % Technical
30 % Financial
100 % Total
The attached Annex A provides a detailed breakdown of the evaluation criteria.
A submission must obtain a minimum of 49 points (70%) to pass the technical evaluation. Financial
proposals will only be opened where the technical proposal has reached the required pass mark.
Financial proposals will be opened and points assigned. The maximum score of 30 points will be
assigned to the financial proposal that provides the lowest overall cost. Allocations to the activities as
well as to program management will also be considered. All other financial proposals will receive scores
in inverse proportion according to the following formula:
Score for price proposal A = (Maximum score for price proposal (e.g. 30) * Price of lowest priced
proposal)/Price of proposal A.
The technical and financial scoring will then be combined to provide an overall score for each technical
compliant proposal. Award should then be made to the proposal that gains the highest score following
combining the technical and financial scores.