National framework for malaria elimination in indiaAparna Chaudhary
outlines India’s strategy for elimination of the disease by 2030. The framework has been developed with a vision to eliminate malaria from the country and contribute to improved health and quality of life and alleviation of poverty.
National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP)Vivek Varat
The National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP) is an umbrella programme for prevention and control of malaria and other vector borne diseases. Under the programme, it is ensured that the disadvantaged and marginalised sections benefit from the delivery of services so that the desired National Health Policy and Rural Health Mission goals are achieved. The Directorate of NVBDCP under the Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, is the nodal agency responsible for planning, coordination, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of NVBDCP programme at all levels.
National framework for malaria elimination in indiaAparna Chaudhary
outlines India’s strategy for elimination of the disease by 2030. The framework has been developed with a vision to eliminate malaria from the country and contribute to improved health and quality of life and alleviation of poverty.
National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP)Vivek Varat
The National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP) is an umbrella programme for prevention and control of malaria and other vector borne diseases. Under the programme, it is ensured that the disadvantaged and marginalised sections benefit from the delivery of services so that the desired National Health Policy and Rural Health Mission goals are achieved. The Directorate of NVBDCP under the Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, is the nodal agency responsible for planning, coordination, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of NVBDCP programme at all levels.
Health and wellness center by Dr. Jitender, MD PGIMERYogesh Arora
Health and wellness center is one of the two component of Ayushmann Bharat. HWC ensures comprehensive, quality, and affordable care to be achieved by all.
This presentation contains in brief about various Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and International interventions to combat NCDs. It also contains recent updates on current problem statement of common NCDs and updates on National Programme for Prevention and Control of non-Communicable Diseases (NP-NCDs).
New Organogram of Nepalese Health System (Please check the updated slides on ...Prabesh Ghimire
This slide has been updated to accommodate the recent changes. Please check the following link for the updated presentation:
https://www.slideshare.net/PrabeshGhimire/organogram-organization-structure-of-nepalese-health-system-updated-nov-2021
India being a developing country with growing population has been traditionally vulnerable to natural and man made disasters.
Development cannot be sustainable unless disaster mitigation is built into developmental process.
Disaster could be a nature calamity, outbreak of disease, bioterrorism, etc.
New Delhi, Feb 23. The health ministry has proposed a bill that seeks to empower state and local authorities to take appropriate actions to tackle public health emergencies like epidemics and bio-terrorism.
Health and wellness center by Dr. Jitender, MD PGIMERYogesh Arora
Health and wellness center is one of the two component of Ayushmann Bharat. HWC ensures comprehensive, quality, and affordable care to be achieved by all.
This presentation contains in brief about various Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and International interventions to combat NCDs. It also contains recent updates on current problem statement of common NCDs and updates on National Programme for Prevention and Control of non-Communicable Diseases (NP-NCDs).
New Organogram of Nepalese Health System (Please check the updated slides on ...Prabesh Ghimire
This slide has been updated to accommodate the recent changes. Please check the following link for the updated presentation:
https://www.slideshare.net/PrabeshGhimire/organogram-organization-structure-of-nepalese-health-system-updated-nov-2021
India being a developing country with growing population has been traditionally vulnerable to natural and man made disasters.
Development cannot be sustainable unless disaster mitigation is built into developmental process.
Disaster could be a nature calamity, outbreak of disease, bioterrorism, etc.
New Delhi, Feb 23. The health ministry has proposed a bill that seeks to empower state and local authorities to take appropriate actions to tackle public health emergencies like epidemics and bio-terrorism.
Speaking at the 2015 CCIH Annual Conference, Dr. Alfonso Rosales, Maternal and Child Senior Advisor, World Vision International, examines a study in South Sudan involving illiterate community health workers, suggesting that a process to measure and maintain clinical skills of community health workers is an important element of program design.
Every woman, man, youth and child has the human right to the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health, without discrimination of any kind. Enjoyment of the human right to health is vital to all aspects of a person's life and well-being, and is crucial to the realization of many other fundamental human rights and freedoms.
Journal Club presentation on Outbreak Investigation Study Kunal Modak
The following presentation is based on: Concurrent Multiple Outbreaks of Varicella, Rubeola,
German Measles Outbreak in Unvaccinated Children of
Co-Educational Mount Carmel Senior Secondary School,
Thakurdwara Palampur of Northern Himachal, India
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
2. SWOT Status Actions to be required to match the
requirement
Strengths PHC/PHU Functions 24* 7
SDH: 03, RH: 09,
Women & Child Hospital: 01,
Civil Hospitals: 01,
PHC: 47, Sub-center: 376
ASHA workers: 1436
Health Well ness Care Centers
• Strengthening facilities through RKS,
Aspirational District Funds. Mechanism
leading to improve the programme by a
process of dissuasion on local specific
issues & circumstances.
• Bifurcation of big, Highly populated,
environmentally challenged PHC’s to
render better services to public.
Weakness • Jungles & water bodies in jungles that are favorable for the breeding of
mosquitos.
• Inaccessibility & poor communication facility
• Limited mobility & limited moterable areas in the rainy season.
• Poor Socio economic condition, low literacy, superstations, marriage/
pregnancy at early age, malnutrition, lack of poor drinking water, low
hygienic condition.
• Limited/ low indulgence, scope of NGO.
• Minimum Health kit containing (RDK &
ACT) to ASHA worker.
• To develop better communication facility &
roads & free accessibility to all areas.
• Access for all to quality education, pure
drinking water through VHNSC
mechanism.
• To encourage incentive based male health
voulenteers in some areas where ASHA
workers cannot work actively.
3. SWOT Status Actions to be required to match the
requirement
Opportunities • Support (consultative/Kind) of GOI
regarding supply of medicines &
LLIN’s.
• Presence of ASHA at grass root level
irrespective to the size of hamlet.
• Intersectoral Coordination & co-
operation.
• Corrective measures as per
suggestions of GOI.
• More IEC campaign in remote areas
through Pathanatya & other medias.
• Motivation of ASHA workers.
• Better intersectoral co-ordination.
Threats • Slow in execution of programme
activities.
• Lack of supervision & monitoring
activities in rainy season.
• Self medication
• Medication & treatment from Quack
doctors & Pujaries.
• Vacancy of vital manpower (MPW”s,
ANM, Technicians, MTS) for long
periods.
• Prompt implementation of approved
activities within given time frame.
• Streamlining flow of effective
instructions with simple information/
guideline for compliance by field
staffs.
• Effective school education & Adult
Health Education aligning with
regular school Health Programmes of
RCH.
