The document discusses the topic of doing philosophy. It provides instructions for classroom activities where students will be split into groups and discuss philosophical questions. It also summarizes some of the key questions and methods used in philosophy, such as questions about reality, certainty, ethics, and the tools philosophers use like systematic doubt, argumentation, and thought experiments.

1. DOING PHILOSOPHY
DANILO F. MARIBAO
PALIPARAN III SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
DASMARINAS CITY, CAVITE

2. 1. Group the class into 5 groups
2. Each group must appoint for a leader
and secretary.
3. Once you hear “what is your score”
the group must announce their score.
4. The first group who announce their
score will get an additional points.
5. Highest score gets 10pts- 8 pts- 6 pts-
4 pts.-2 pts

4. REVIEW:
Answer the following:

5. REVIEW:
Answer the following:
1. Appeal to Force/Stick

6. Argumentum ad Baculum
Answer:

7. 2. “Sir, hindi ako nakapag-aral,
mahirap lang po kami.”

8. Argumentum ad
Misericordiam
Answer:

9. 3. “You Too” Argument

10. Tu Quoque
Answer:

11. 4. Appeal to Money

12. Argumentum ad Crumenam
Answer:

13. 5. Oprah said that girls will go crazy
for boys if they are intelligent.

14. Argementum adVerecundiam
(Appeal to Inappropriate People)
Answer:

15. DOING
PHILOSOPHY

16. Let’s Ponder
Complete the following statements.
I believe that this world is
_______ because _______.
The ______ kind of life is the
best kind of life.
The most important thing man
must have is _______.
Activity 1: INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY

17. Can these statements be considered
Philosophies?
Can Philosophy help you clarify and
defined these statements? How?
Analysis :

18. Guide Questions:
Group Discussion:
1. What are your personal ideas
about the nature of the world and
the universe?
2. What characteristics distinguish
man from all other things that
exist?
3. Group Reporting.
Activity 2:

19. Analysis :
* What is real?
* Are we able to perceive and
understand reality and
everything in it?
* How do we know what we
know?
* Are the things that we know
true?

20. Abstraction :
What are some of the
major questions that
Philosophers ponder
upon?

21. Are we
able to
perceive
and
understand
reality?

22. REALITY
Refers to the state of
existence of things
independent of human
consciousness.
(Physical things what we see, feel,
taste, and smell, as well as things
that we cannot easily perceive and
comprehend.)

23. Things that already
existed, presently exist,
and that we are yet to
exist.

24. Categories:
1. Concrete
2. Abstract
METAPHYSICS – branch of
Philosophy which addresses
questions regarding reality.
ONTOLOGY – focuses on the
classification of existing things.

25. CERTAINTY
Refers to perfect knowledge
that is free from error or
doubt.
A central concept in the
question of certainty is truth.

26. Also related to the
question of certainty is
the concept of knowledge
and the means by which
man is able to know.

27. RATIONALISM
Is a theory on
knowledge which
believes that
knowledge is a Priori

28. Priori knowledge
Based on pure reasoning
without the benefit of any
experience.

29. Empiricism
Is another theory which
considers knowledge to be
posteriori knowledge or
knowledge gained from
experience.

30. Skepticism
Questions the certainty of
established doctrines or
truths and believes that the
mind has limits in perceiving
and understanding reality.

31. EPISTEMOLOGY - The
branch of philosophy
which deals with the
nature and extent of
knowledge.

37. The final significant problem that
Philosophy tackles is the Question
of Ethics
ETHICS - deals with the
standards of right and wrong
which define human
behavior.

38. Ethics - as a field of study,
discusses and define concepts
and principles which are meant to
govern reasoning and action.
Moral Philosophy – branch that
seeks to apply and analyze these
concepts in various situations,
context, and cultures, and
recommends guidelines that will
govern the decisions and actions of
people.

39. Methods and Tools do
Philosophers use in the
conduct of their study
Systematic doubt – skeptical
attitude in looking an ideas, events
or things.
Each aspect of the topic in
question is analyzed to determine
its validity or truthfulness.

40. Argument - Philosophers engage
in discussion and debate on their
ideas.
Dialectic - Varied and differing
ideas and perspectives are
analyzed and from the information
gathered, new ideas and views are
formulated.

41. DIALECTIC – A method of
examining and discussing
opposing ideas in order to
find the truth.

42. Socratic Method - analyzing a
topic by formulating a series of
questions designed to analyze
its various aspects, and examine
and clarify a person’s view on it.

43. Axioms - refers to assumptions
which are taken for granted in a
philosophical discussion.
- Provide a foundation and direction
in philosophical studies.

44. Occam’s razor - it is a problem
solving device used in analyzing
possible explanations regarding a
phenomenon.
- This principles state that among
possible explanations, the one
which has the least assumptions is
the most acceptable.

45. Formal Logic - it is a systematic
analysis of the validity of arguments
and statements. Logic often entails
the use of Syllogism or logical
arguments presented as a series of
related statements.

46. Thought experiment and allegory
- these are imagined scenarios
used to illustrate a certain problem
or describe a theory.

47. Example:
Avicenna’s “Floating man” –
which discusses the relationship
between perception and the
human mind.

48. The “ship of Theseus” – which
illustrates problems with the concept of
an object’s identity
“Prisoner’s dilemma” – which explores
how an individual’s objectives and
motivations affects his willingness to
cooperate.

49. Allegory of the Cave - used
by Plato to describe his
theory of forms and his ideas
on how our perception
affects knowledge.

50. WHAT ARE THE PRACTICAL
USES OF PHILOSOPHY IN
OUR LIVES?

51. 1. Philosophy requires a person
to engage in analysis and
interpretation of concepts,
definitions, arguments, and
problems.

52. 2. Problem-solving and
decision making are important
aspects in life which can
benefit from a knowledge of
philosophy.

53. 3. A philosopher is also a good
communicator who can clearly
and adequately present his or her
ideas.

54. 4. Knowledge of Philosophy can
contribute to self-development

55. APPLICATION:
1. In your personal life, what are the
things that you consider “real” “true”
or unchanging?
2. Did you experience a situation
where you had to defend your
beliefs? Share your experience in
class.

56. 3. Have you experienced a
situation where what you
believed to be true turned out
to be untrue? How did this
experience affect you?

57. ASSESSMENT
Write the correct answer

58. 1. Refers to the state
of existence of things
independent of human
consciousness

59. 2. Branch of
Philosophy which
addresses questions
regarding reality.

60. 3. Focuses on the
classification of existing
things.

61. 4. Refers to perfect
knowledge that is free
from error or doubt.

62. 5. Is a theory on
knowledge which
believes that knowledge
is a Priori

63. ANSWER:
1. Reality
2. Metaphysics
3. Ontology
4. Certainty
5. Rationalism

64. AGREEMENT:
Define the following:
1. Causality
2. Free will
3. Determination
4. Etiology
5. Teleology