INTRODUCTION TO Philosophy Doing philosophy

1. DOING
PHILOSOPHY
FAVR
1

2. WORD HUNT
N A T U R E P A T Y G R
A W O F R A H D F V H E
F R O R I G I N U I O A
Y U L V R C L A Q N A S
S A S A F V O W U O S O
N W A S A U S R E I F N
O R O E A I O T S T H I
I Y I H W P P Y T C U N
T U R C D O H G I E I G
C D A N G H Y B O L O C
N G W A Y T C B N F P V
U H P R O C E S S E S Y
F S S B G B U J D R A E

3. N A T U R E P A T Y G R
A W O F R A H D F V H E
F R O R I G I N U I O A
Y U L V R C L A Q N A S
S A S A F V O W U O S O
N W A S A U S R E I F N
O R O E A I O T S T H I
I Y I H W P P Y T C U N
T U R C D O H G I E I G
C D A N G H Y B O L O C
N G W A Y T C B N F P V
U H P R O C E S S E S Y
F S S B G B U J D R A E
WORD HUNT

4. NATURE AND FUNCTIONS
OF PHILOSOPHY
PHILOSOPHICAL TOOLS
AND PROCESSES
PHILOSOPHICAL
REFLECTION
Introduction to Philosophy

5. Objectives
1. explain the beginnings of
philosophy;
2. practice engaging in
philosophical thought;
3. determine how to gain a
more holistic perspective
via argumentation; and
4. recognize the value of
philosophy in thinking
about the nature of
reality.
At the end of the lesson, the
learners should be able to:

6. Learning
Competency:
1. distinguish a
holistic
perspective from a
partial point of
view; and
2. recognize human
activities that
emanated from
deliberate action.

7. • Where does philosophy begin?
• How did philosophy begin?
• How do people do philosophy?
• How we can apply philosophy
in our daily lives?
• Why do we need to
philosophize?

8. PHILOSOPHY
• It is defined as LOVE OF WISDOM.
• It came from the Greek words PHILOS
(Love) and SOPHIA (Wisdom)
• The Mother of Sciences
• People who engage in philosophy are
philosophers (Lovers of Wisdom).

9. PHILOSOPHY
• thinking about questions
• questions which don’t have ready and
clear-cut answers

10. NATURE AND
FUNCTIONS OF
PHILOSOPHY
Where and how does philosophy
begin? Why do people start
philosophizing?

11. •He is a sage in
South Asia who
declared that “Life
is suffering”.
GAUTAMA
BUDDHA

12. Origin of Philosophy
• Greece is the
birthplace of
Philosophy in the West.
• THALES is the Father of
Philosophy.

13. Branches of Philosophy
METAPHYSICS
Where am I?
ETHICS
What should I do?
EPISTEMOLOGY
How do I know?
AESTHETICS
Nature of art

14. METAPHYSICS
deals with the
nature of the world
and everything that
exists.

15. • is often considered the
first Greek philosopher,
proposed that
everything was made
of water.
THALES

16. • claimed that everything
was in a state of flux or
perpetual movement,
and that everything
would start and end
with fire.
HERACLITUS

17. • thought air was the primary
substance that held the
universe together. He
believed that air was infinite
and divine. He was the first
to use the word pneuma
(“breath of life”) as a
synonym for air.
ANAXIMENES

18. • was the first to define the
four elements of earth, air,
fire, and water as material
causes of existence which
operated within a universe
governed by two efficient
causes, Love and Strife
which unified and destroyed,
respectively.
EMPODOCLES

19. EPISTEMOLOGY
is the branch of
philosophy which
deals with knowledge
and knowing.

20. ETHICS
focuses in how to live
and act as a member
of a society, as
relational beings.

21. AESTHETICS
deals with beauty as the
main
concern and whether it is
possible to actually have a
standard of beauty at all.

22. PHILOSOPHICAL
TOOLS AND
PROCESSES
How do I actually engage in
philosophy?

23. Philosophical Tools and
Processes
• Philosophy as a science is also a systematized body of
knowledge but unlike other sciences which employs
observation and experimentation to prove their
theories, philosophy uses reason to arrive at a certain
knowledge or truth.

24. PHILOSOPHICAL
QUESTIONS
• Philosophy was born
because of ignorance.
• Once a person stops
questioning, he cease to
become a philosopher
• Socratic Method
LOGICAL REASONING
• reasoning is the
process of thinking
about something in a
logical way in order
to form a conclusion
or judgement.
• Examples
Philosophical Tools and
Processes

25. Premise 1: All men are mortal.
Premise 2: Socrates is mortal.
Conclusion: Socrates is a man.
Premise 1: All fish have gills.
Premise 2: A shark is a fish.
Conclusion: A shark has gills.
DEDUCTIVE ARGUMENTS

26. Premise 1: Grey clouds usually bring heavy rains.
Premise 2: Clouds are grey today.
Conclusion: It will most likely rain today.
Premise 1: Mike just moved here from the United States.
Premise 2: Mike has blonde hair.
Conclusion: Most people from the United States have
blonde hair.
INDUCTIVE ARGUMENTS

27. PHILOSOPHICAL
REFLECTION
What is the nature of reality?
What do I know to be true?

28. Philosophical Reflection
• It is the careful examination of life situations.
• Unsettling description of the world we live in today
was laid out by Plato in his Republic

29. • is an ancient Greek
philosopher, a pupil of
Socrates, and teacher of
Aristotle.
• Founder of the Academy, best
known as the author of
philosophical works of
unparalleled influence.
PLATO

30. ALLEGORY OF THE CAVE

31. AQA
L
Framewo
rk

32. AQA
L
Framewo
rk

34. SUMMARY
Philosophy, the love of wisdom, is more concerned with asking the right
questions than searching for answers. In this regard, to engage in
philosophy is to sharpen one’s ability to think.
There are three general branches of philosophy—namely, Metaphysics,
Epistemology, and Value Theory, of which Ethics and Aesthetics are a part.
Logic is the philosopher’s “toolbox” in the sense that to do philosophy is to
enter into a discourse. The goal of this discourse is to know the truth, and
this is attained via a series of arguments, which can be deductive or
inductive.
Philosophy can also lead to disturbances in the sense that it challenges
individuals to think and consider what is beyond their current
understanding.

35. REFERENCES
Bloom, Allan. 1991. The Republic of Plato , 2 nd ed. New York,
New York: Basic Books.
Dy Jr., Manuel B. 2001. Philosophy of Man, Selected Readings , 2
nd ed. Quezon City, Philippines: Goodwill Trading Co. Inc.
Hurley, Patrick J. 2010. A Concise Introduction to Logic , 11 th
ed. Boston, Massachusetts: Wadsworth Cengage
Learning.
Nagel, Thomas. 1987. What Does It All Mean?: A Very Short
Introduction To Philosophy . New York: Oxford University
Press, Inc.
Janicaud, Dominique. 2003. Philosophy in 30 Days . London,
United Kingdom: Granta Publications

36. FIN

37. QUIZ #1

38. QUIZ #1
Directions: Identify what is being described in the given
statements.
1. Define in your own words, Philosophy.
2. Enumerate the Greek words and the meaning
where the word Philosophy came from.
3. What do you call the people who engage in
philosophy?
4. Who is the Father of Philosophy?
5. It is the birthplace of Philosophy in the West.

39. QUIZ #1
Directions: Identify what is being described in the given
statements.
6-9 Enumerate the 4 Pre-Socratic Philosophers.
10-12 Enumerate the three (3) main branches of Philosophy.
13. What does philosopher uses to arrive at a certain
knowledge or truth?
14. Enumerate the two (2) forms of arguments.
15. Who is the ancient Greek philosopher, a pupil of
Socrates, and teacher of Aristotle that founded the
Academy?

40. ANSWER KEY
1. Answer vary
2. Philos (Love) and Sophia
(Wisdom)
3. Philosophers or Lovers of
Wisdom
4. Thales
5. Greece
6. Thales
7. Heraklitus
8. Anaximenes
11. Epistemology
12. Value Theory
13. Reasons
14. Deductive and
Inductive
Arguments
15. Plato

41. ACTIVITY #1
Be the Philosopher!

42. ACTIVITY #1
Task: Find a partner (whether a classmate, a schoolmate,
or even a sibling). Talk about your interests, your likes and
dislikes. Once you find something that you disagree with—
say, for example, your preference for favorite breakfast
food or the best Marvel movie—write a persuasive
paragraph addressed to your partner. Using the principles
of Logic, use valid deductive arguments and strong
inductive arguments to persuade your partner to side with
you and acknowledge that your preference is, indeed,
the better one. (60 pts.)

43. Additional Instructions:
• You could do the persuasive paragraph electronically
(just provide a printed copy) or in a piece of paper.
• Include your Name, Section, Date, and the Title of the
Activity.
• Observe the rubric given in creating a persuasive
paragraph.
ACTIVITY #1

44. RUBRIC
CRITERIA Beginning
(0-12 pts.)
Developing
(13-16 pts.)
Accomplished
(17-20 pts.)
Content
The ideas are
unoriginal, unclear,
and do not
contribute to the
topic.
The presentation expressed
good and on-point ideas,
but with only a few points
that incorporate the
philosophies..
The presentation expressed a
lot of ideas, and effectively
incorporates the philosophies,
and tells multiple thoughts and
concepts that are stimulating.
Organization
The flow of the
presentation cannot
be understood and
needs improvement.
The ideas are
jumping from one to
another.
The flow of the presentation
is organized, although there
are some points that
needed clarification.
The flow of the presentation
can be understood well and is
very organized. There is clear
and smooth transition from
one point to another. It is
sufficiently comfortable to be
understood.
Conventions
The writer did not
follow the
instructions, and the
task was not well-
executed.
The writer followed some of
the instructions but also did
not adhere to the others,
but the task was still well-
executed.
The writer complied with all the
instructions provided, and the
task was well-executed.