The document discusses the historical development of social sciences from ancient Greek philosophers to modern times. It notes that early study of society was based in philosophy and theology. The scientific revolution led to a more empirical, evidence-based approach to understanding the natural world and later, society. Key figures like Descartes, Kant, and Weber advocated using reason and rigorous analysis over religious dogma to determine truth. The rise of universities and secularization of learning furthered the development of social sciences into distinct fields of study aimed at understanding human behavior and society scientifically.

1. Birth & Growth of
Social Sciences
MR. DANILO F. MARIBAO
Paliparan III Senior High School
Dasmarinas City, Cavite

3. ACTIVITY
Watch and think the idea in the
video presentation

4. VIDEO PRESENTATION 1
VIDEO PRESENTATION 2
VIDEO PRESENTATION 3
VIDEO PRESENTATION 4

5. • Write your idea in ½ crosswise.
1. In the following presentation, which
one implies awareness?
2. What is your basis of knowing that
they gives awareness to others?
ANALYSIS

7. The Historical Background of the
Growth of Social Sciences
Greek Philosophers
Socrates
Plato
Aristotle

8. Before the birth of modern social
sciences in the West, the study of
society, culture, and politics were based
on social and political philosophy.
In return, social and political
philosophies were informed by
theological reasoning grounded in
Revelation based on the Bible.

9. PHILOSOPHY
DISTINCT
SCIENCE
NATURE
Analytic understanding of
nature of truth
THEOLOGY
“What is the Nature of Truth” “How do we know what we know?”

10. SCIENCES
Based on empirical data, tested
theories, and carefully contrived
observations.
Seeks to discover the truth about
specific causes of events and
happenings in the natural world.

11. Development of Social Sciences
SCIENCE HUMANITIES
PURE SCIENCE
APPLIED SCIENCE
SOCIAL SCIENCE
VISUAL ARTS
PERFORMING ARTS
RELIGION
LAW
LINGUISTICS
HISTORY

12. UNPRECEDENTED GROWTH OF SCIENCE
Scientific Revolution Nicolaus Copernicus –
refers to historical changes
in thought and belief, to
changes in social and
institutional organization,
that unfolded in Europe.

13. ISAAC NEWTON
Proposed universal laws of
motion and mechanical
model of the universe.
Laid the foundation that allowed science and technology to
change the world
Discover gravity

14. FRANCIS BACON
Established the
supremacy of reason
over imagination.

15. Rene DescartesFrench Philosopher,
mathematician, and writer
who considered the father of
modern philosophy
Advocated the use of
rigorous philosophical
analysis to arrive the truth
rather than basing them
on dogmas.

16. Secularization of
Learning and
Education
Modern period marked the
growing triumph of scientific
method over religious dogma
and technological thinking.
The triumph of reason and
science over dogma and
religious authority began with
the reformaton.

17. MARTIN LUTHER
Organized the
protestant movement
and eroded the power
of the Roman Catholic
Church.
Challenged the infallibility of the Pope and
democratized the interpretation of the Bible.

18. Immanuel Kant
Challenged the use of Metaphysics or
absolute truth derived mainly from
unjustified tradition and authority such as
the existence of God.
Advocated the use of reason in order to
know the nature of the world and human
beings.
Wrote the famous Essay “What is Enlightenment” that define
enlightenment as the courage to know.

19. Max Weber
One of the leading figures in modern
sociology.
Described this process as
RATIONALIZATION.
RATIONALIZATION – means that social life is more and more
subjected to calculation and prediction.
Can only be achieved if human beings and society rely on
regularities established by modern science.

20. LOUIS PASTUER
Discoveries of Germ theory
and develop vaccination.
People relied more and more
on medical knowledge to
deal with diseases.

21. FRANCOIS LYOTARD
French Sociologist
points out science
triumphed because it
provided reliable
results.

22. THE RISE OF UNIVERSITIES
Education is the single most important factors in the rise
of social sciences.
The growth of universities also
contributed to the triumph of sciences.
Emile Durkhiem
One of the founding “fathers” of
sociology.

23. The Dissolution of Feudal Social Relation
The development forced many social scientists during this
time study the effects of the dissolution of feudal
relations on this social life of the people.
German sociologist, lamented the
passing away of gemeinschaft or
community because of urbanization.

24. Trade and Commerce
Marco Polo – a Italian merchant from Venice
inspired Columbus five journeys to America.
Ferdinand Magellan – circumnavigate the
world.

25. Harriet Martineau
A British political economist and
sociologist, social scientist shifted
their attention to non-western
world as a model of the early
stage of Western Civilization.
Founding mother of sociology

26. The Rise of Individualism
The intensification of commerce and trade gradually replaced
barter with the induction of money and banking.
German Sociologist in the early
20th century, to decry the growing
depersonalization of life due to
the introduction of money.
George Simmel

27. Augusto Comte
French philosopher and mathematician, is the
founding father of sociology.
- He coined the term “sociology” but he
originally used “social physics” as a term for
sociology,
Stages of Development:
Theological stage
Metaphysics stage
Positive stage

28. Karl Marx
Introduced the materialist
analysis of history which
discounts religious and
metaphysical explanation for
historical development.

29. Franz Boas
Considered as the father of
modern American
anthropology.
The first anthropologist to have
rejected the biological basis of
racism or racial discrimination.

30. Bronislaw Malinowski
Another anthropologist who contribution to
the development of modern anthropology.
Polish immigrant who did a comprehensive
study of Trobriand Island.
Participation Observation – a method of social science research
that requires the anthropologists to have the ability to
participate and blend with the way of life of a given group of
people.

31. R. Radcliffe Brown
He did fieldwork on the
Andaman Islands east of India,
and published his reports in the
diffusionist style, but later shifted
his theoretical orientation.

32. ASSESSMENT

33. 1. Proposed universal laws of
motion and mechanical model of
the universe.
QUESTION

34. 2. Means that social life is more and
more subjected to calculation and
prediction.
QUESTION

35. 3. Introduced the materialist analysis
of history which discounts religious
and metaphysical explanation for
historical development.
QUESTION

36. 4. French Sociologist points out
science triumphed because it provided
reliable results.
QUESTION

37. 5. Challenged the use of Metaphysics or
absolute truth derived mainly from
unjustified tradition and authority such as
the existence of God.
QUESTION

38. 1. ISAAC NEWTON
ANSWERS:
2. RATIONALIZATION
3. Karl Marx
4. FRANCOIS LYOTARD
5. Immanuel Kant

39. APPLICATION
If given a chance what particular
area of social science you would like
to develop and why?

40. ASSIGNMENT