intro to philo lesson 2

1. REVIEW…
 when you evaluate information it is
very important to distinguish between
fact and opinion. How do we know if
something is true?

2. REVIEW…
LOGIC
 is the truth based on reasoning and
critical thinking. It includes analysis and
construction of arguments. It serves as path
to freedom from half-truths and deception.

3. SCIENTIFIC METHOD
 it is a process of determining truth
or knowledge through
experimentation, inductive and
deductive reasoning and hypothesis
or theory testing.

4. TYPES OF
REASONING

5. DEDUCTIVE REASONING
In this type of reasoning, conclusion comes
first, followed by main points, and the last will
be the supporting data, facts, examples, and
evidences.
 General idea comes first before the specific
or particular idea.

6. INDUCTIVE REASONING
In this type of reasoning, supporting data,
facts, examples, and evidences come first
followed by the main points and conclusion
will be the last part.
This is the opposite of deductive reasoning
because a particular idea comes first before
the general idea

8. DEDUCTIVE REASONING
Someone who uses INDUCTIVE
reasoning makes specific observations
and then draws a general
conclusions.
When you’re using inductive
reasoning, correct observations won’t
necessarily lead you to a correct
general conclusions.
E X A M P L E S :
1. Every quiz has been easy. Therefore,
the test will be easy.
2. The teacher used PPT in the last few
classes. Therefore, the teachers will
use PPT tomorrow.
DEDUCTIVE reasoning is a specific
conclusion follows a general theory.
When you’re using deductive
reasoning, your conclusion will be
correct if all the statements you say is
correct.
E X A M P L E S:
1. All students in this class play guitar.
Sam is a students of this class.
---Therefore, Sam plays guitar.
2. At the conference, all the people
present are thirty or older.
Maria is in the Room.
-----Therefore, Maria is at least thirty.
INDUCTIVE REASONING

10. 1. Do you agree with the reasoning of
the person inside the car? Why or why
not?
2. If you are the biker, how would
you react to the remarks of the
person inside the car?

11. QUIZ TIME!
Bias Knowledge Deductive Opinion Argument
Conclusion Begging
the
question
Philosophic
al method
Truth Appeal to
the popular
DIRECTION: Identify the concepts described in each number.
Choose your answers from the word pool below. Write your
answer in a ½ crosswise paper.

12. 1. It is the study of
how to do philosophy.

13. 2. A fallacy in which the
idea is presented as
acceptable because a lot
of people accept it.

14. 3. It is a disproportion weight in
favor of or against and idea or
thing, usually in a way that is
close-minded, prejudicial or
unfair.

15. 4. It is judgement based
on certain facts.

16. 5. It is the clear awareness
and understanding of
something.

17. 6. It lies at the heart
of any inquiry.

18. 7. A fallacy assuming the
thing or idea to be proven is
true; also known as “circular
argument”.

19. 8. A series of statements that
provide reasons to convince
the reader or listener that a
claim or opinion is truthful.

20. 9. A type of reasoning where
the general idea comes first
before the specific or
particular idea.

21. 10. It is a statement that
holds the element of belief; it
tells how someone feels.

22. TEST II. Apply systematic doubt in analyzing
the statement below. Describe how you will
determine its truthfulness.
1. I am a good students.