The document outlines the objectives of studying philosophy, emphasizing its importance in understanding life and practical applications in daily decision-making. It explores various philosophical perspectives and thinkers, highlighting the distinction between holistic and partial thinking through activities and examples. Additionally, it examines the benefits of philosophical inquiry and the role it plays in critical analysis and personal development.

1. DOING
PHILOSOPHY

2. OBJECTIVES
The students are expected to:
1. discuss philosophy and its importance as a
discipline and a means for understanding life;
2. appreciate the value of philosophy in daily
life;
3. become philosophical in dealing with life
situations; and
4. discuss the practical uses of philosophy in life.

3. MOTIVATION
A murderer is sentenced into
death. He has to choose
between three rooms. The first
room is full of furious flame. The
second is full of murderers with
loaded guns. And there are lions
in the third room who had not
been fed for years. Which room
is the safest?
Answer: The room of the lions because they’re dead if they haven’t
been fed for years!

4. PRESENTING THE NEW LESSON
What questions
about your life are
you struggling to
find answers to?
Share some of
them in class.

5. PRESENTING EXAMPLE OR INSTANCE
OF THE NEW LESSON
“An unexamined
life is not worth
living.”
- Socrates

6. ACTIVITY
Read and analyse the following conversation between a high school
teacher and her student in class.
Teacher: Juan, what would you
like to be when you grow up?
Juan: Ma’am, I want to be
happy!
Teacher: Juan, you did not
understand my question.
Juan: Ma’am, you do not
understand what life is all
about!

7. ACTIVITY
Processing Questions:
1. Do you think that Juan’s answer was appropriate for
his teacher’s question?
2. What do you think was Juan’s interpretation of his
teacher’s question?
3. Based on his responses, what kind of student do you
imagine Juan to be?
4. If you were Juan’s teacher, how would you respond to
him?
5. How is philosophy related to this situation?

8. ANALYSIS
1. What is philosophy?
2. Why is there a need to philosophize?
3. How do we characterize the study
of philosophy?
4. What are the practical uses of
philosophy in life?

9. ABSTRACTION
Philosophy comes from
two Greek words: philos (love)
and sophia (wisdom) which were
used by ancient Greeks to refer to
“love of wisdom” and soon applied
it to the study or discipline that
uses human reason to investigate
the ultimate, causes, reasons, and
principles which govern all things
Philosophers are people
who engage in philosophy or
“lovers of wisdom”

10. ABSTRACTION
Pythagoras
 a mathematician and scientist, credited with
formulating the Pythagorean Theorem
 established a community of learners devoted
to the study of religion and philosophy
Heraclitus
 proposed that everything that exists is based
on a higher order or plan which he called
logos
 change is permanent aspect of the human
condition; “No man never steps in the same
river twice.”

11. ABSTRACTION
Democritus
 study the causes of natural phenomena
 was among the first to propose that matter
is composed of tiny particles called atoms
Diogenes of Sinope
 a known advocate of living a simple and
virtuous life
 one should not only talk of virtue but should
show it in words and actions
 his emphasis on austerity and simplicity often
went to the extreme and was said to have
lived like a beggar

12. ABSTRACTION
Epicurus
 philosophy could enable man
to live a life of happiness
 his views gave rise to
Epicureanism – a school of
philosophy which believes
that wisdom and simple living
will result in a life free of fear
and pain

13. ABSTRACTION
Socrates
 considered the foremost philosopher of
ancient times
 he did not claim to be “wise” and merely
considered himself a “midwife” that
helped inquiring minds achieve wisdom
 believed that philosophy could enable a
man to live a life of virtue.
 formulated the Socratic Method – a
means of examining a topic by devising
a series of questions that let the learner
examine and anlyze his knowledge and
views regarding the topic

14. ABSTRACTION
Plato
 a student of Socrates, he wrote down his
mentor’s teachings and incorporated
some of his own ideas
 his teachings and writings were
considered the foundation of Western
philosophy
 dialectic – a method of inquiry where
two opposing ideas are discussed in an
attempt to arrive at new knowledge
 founded the Academy – an institution
of higher learning which was the first of
its kind in the Western World

15. ABSTRACTION
Aristotle
 he attended the academy and
prominent student of Plato
 all ideas and views are based on
perception and our reality is based on
what we can sense and perceive
 studied logic that led to the
formulation of a formal process of
analyzing reasoning which gave rise to
deductive reasoning – the process of
which specific statements are analyzed
to reach a conclusion or generalization

16. ABSTRACTION
We all have the potential to
philosophize since we have the
tendency to wonder and doubt. We
possess the capacity to reflect on our
experiences, and we have a never-
ending need to learn and discover.
The need to philosophize is traced to a
person’s sense of wonder (Plato) and
doubt (Rene Descartes), the need to
make sense of challenging experiences
(Karl Jaspers), and the love for wisdom.

17. ABSTRACTION
The study of philosophy can be
considered as a way of analyzing ideas
and frameworks. It is also considered
as a way of examining a particular
area of knowledge. Philosophy itself is
a discipline with its own goals, concerns,
and ways of doing things. It also
makes use of information gathered
from other fields of knowledge and not
just its own conclusions. Finally,
philosophy can be considered a
reflective and meditative activity.

18. ABSTRACTION
Aesthetics
deals with beauty and what makes
things “beautiful”
Logic
the branch of philosophy which
deals with correct reasoning
Epistemology
discusses the nature of knowledge
and knowing
Ethics
the branch which deals with moral
questions and dilemmas

19. ABSTRACTION
Political Philosophy
studies governments and deals with
questions of justice, power and the rights
and obligations of citizens
Metaphysics
deals with questions regarding reality
and existence
Philosophy of the Human Person
understands the human person from a
philosophical perspective – integrating
and synthesizing the different branches of
philosophy and other fields of study to
know the truth about the human person

20. ABSTRACTION
Practical Uses of Philosophy in Our Lives:
1. Philosophy enables a person to engage in critical analysis and
interpretation of concepts, definitions, arguments, and problems.
2. Philosophy also improves problem-solving and decision making.
3. A philosopher is a good communicator who can clearly and
adequately present his or her ideas.
4. Wisdom is one intended product of philosophizing that refers to a
person’s ability to apply knowledge to daily life particularly in
making sound choices and judgment.
5. Knowledge of Philosophy can contribute to self-development.

21. APPLICATION
Describe (through poster, slogan, essay,
song, poem, drawing, etc.) a situation in
your life when you were able to engage
in philosophy. What circumstances or
dilemma brought about your need to
philosophize? How did philosophy help
you address your situation?

22. GENERALIZATION
1. What are the reasons that compel a person
to engage in philosophical thinking?
2. How can you as a person benefit from
philosophizing?
3. Based on the characteristics of Philosophy,
would it be possible for any person to
engage in philosophical discussion? Why or
why not?

23. ASSESSMENT
Direction: Identify what is asked in each number.
2. What does the Greek term for philosophy, philosophia, mean?
1. What is the study or discipline that uses human reason to
investigate the ultimate causes, reasons, and principles which
govern all things?
3. The Greek philosopher Plato believes that philosophy is
brought by man’s sense of __________.
4. He believed that persons engage in philosophy in order to
make sense of difficult life experiences.

24. ASSESSMENT
6. What refers to a way of thinking about the world and is made
up of a person’s views and beliefs?
5. Rene Descartes considers this as a reason why people philosophize.
7. Whose studies in logic led to the formulation of a formal process
of analysing reasoning which gave rise to deductive reasoning?
8. Who was considered the foremost philosopher of ancient times?
9. His most significant ideas included his Theory of Forms.
10. What is the branch of Philosophy which deals with moral
questions and dilemmas?

25. ASSESSMENT
Answer Key:
1. Philosophy 6. Framework
2. Love of Wisdom 7. Aristotle
3. Wonder 8. Socrates
4. Karl Jaspers 9. Plato
5. Doubt 10. Ethics

26. AGREEMENT
What philosophical questions
do you wish to be answered as
you study this course? List
down five.

27. OBJECTIVES
The students are expected to:
1. distinguish a holistic perspective from a
partial point of view (PPT11/12-Ia-1.1);
2. recognize the value of having a holistic
view to become better individuals; and
3. understand situations from different
vantage points to see them more fully.

28. MOTIVATION
A man carrying two bags with sand
crosses the Mexican border on a
bicycle every day. Custom officers
regularly check the bags and all the
time they contain sand. It is obvious
that the man smuggles something
but the officers can’t realize what it
is exactly. As they don’t have any
proof, the Mexican man crosses the
border without interruptions. What
does he smuggle?

29. MOTIVATION
Answer: This creative individual
distracts the customs officers’
attention with the bags of sand.
But in fact, he smuggles bicycles!

30. PRESENTING THE NEW LESSON
“My philosophy comes from
a worldview that looks at
the world as one. It’s a
holistic view that sees the
world as interconnected and
interdependent and
integrated in so many
different ways …”
– Dennis Kucinich
How do you understand the quotation below?

31. PRESENTING EXAMPLE OR INSTANCE
OF THE NEW LESSON
Building Vocabularies:
1. Holistic Thinking
2. Partial Thinking

32. ACTIVITY
Read the poem written by John Godfrey Saxe’s on the classic Indian
legend of the Six Blind Men and the Elephant.
It was six men of Indostan
To learning much inclined,
Who went to see the
Elephant
(Though all of them were
blind),
That each by observation
Might satisfy his mind

33. ACTIVITY
The First approach’d the
Elephant,
And happening to fall
Against his broad and
sturdy side,
At once began to bawl:
“God bless me! But the
Elephant
Is very like a WALL!”

34. ACTIVITY
The Second, feeling of the
tusk,
Cried, - “Ho! What have
we here
So very round and smooth
and sharp?
To me ‘tis mighty clear
This wonder of an Elephant
Is very like a SPEAR!”

35. ACTIVITY
The Third approached the
animal,
And happening to take
The squirming trunk within
his hands,
Thus boldly up and spoke:
“I see,” quoth he, “the
Elephant
Is very like a SNAKE!”

36. ACTIVITY
The Fourth reached out his
eager hand,
And felt about the knee.
“What most this wondrous
beast is like
Is mighty plan,” quoth he,
“’Tis clear enough the
Elephant
Is very like a TREE!”

37. ACTIVITY
The Fifth, who chanced to
touch the ear,
Said: “E’en the blindest
man
Can tell what this
resembles most;
Deny the fact who can,
This marvel of an Elephant
Is very like a FAN!”

38. ACTIVITY
The Sixth no sooner had
begun
About the beast to grope,
Then, seizing on the
swinging tail
That fell within his scope,
“I see,” quoth he, “the
Elephant
Is very like a ROPE!”

39. ACTIVITY
And so these men of
Indostan
Disputed loud and long,
Each in his own opinion
Exceeding stiff and strong,
Though each was partly
in the right,
And all were in the
wrong!
MORAL
So oft in theologic wars
The disputants, I ween
Rail on in utter ignorance
Of what each other
mean,
And prate about an
Elephant
Not one of them has seen!

40. ACTIVITY
Processing Questions:
1. Did anyone among the blind men give the correct answer?
Why or why not?
2. In the context of the elephant story, what do you think is a
holistic perspective? What is a partial point of view?
3. What is the importance of a holistic perspective as pointed
out by the poet John Godfrey Saxe?
4. In the last stanza, John Godfrey Saxe related the legend to
the religious wars during his time. What do you think is
John Godfrey Saxe trying to say in this poem?

41. ANALYSIS
What is the difference
between holistic thinking
and partial thinking?

42. ABSTRACTION
Holistic Thinking
 refers to a perspective that
considers large-scale patterns in
system
 often described as looking at the
“big picture” when describing
and analyzing a situation or
problem
 requires an individual to have
an open mind-set and an ability
to get the general
sense/impression regarding a

43. ABSTRACTION
Partial Thinking
 focuses on specific aspects of a
situation
 important component of analytical
thinking, as an individual focuses
on certain areas or aspects of a
problem in order to understand it
 though partial thinking is useful,
philosophy utilizes holistic thinking
in making sense of problems and
issues related to the human
experience.

44. ABSTRACTION
Adopting a holistic view enables a
person to view a problem more
objectively and come up with better
decisions or solutions. A holistic view
also means that one does not
confine one’s understanding of the
world to one’s own perspective, but
also includes the perspective of
others. This view also enables a
person to better appreciate his or
her experience as vital components
that give meaning to life.

45. APPLICATION
The story of the elephant and the
blind men can be an analogy of
everyday experiences. Recall an
experience where you had
disagreements with friends or family
over something. Was the
disagreement resolved? If yes, how?
If not, how can a more holistic
perspective help in the resolution?
Share your story to your groupmates,
then choose the best story that you
will share to others in class.

46. GENERALIZATION
Have you adopted a holistic
view in looking at a problem or
situation? How did adopting a
holistic view help you make sense
of the situation?