ATTRACTIONS OF TOURISM AND PRODUCT

1. ODTGO@2022

2. INTRODUCTION
 Sub topics:
 Define key terms related to tourism attraction
 Explain natural tourism categories
 Explain artificial tourism categories
 Define “tourism product”
 Explain types of tourism products
 Explain characteristics of tourism products

3. INTRODUCTION
 Tourism attraction is the place where tourist visit, typically
for its inherent or exhibited natural or cultural value,
historical significance , natural or built beauty, offering
leisure, adventure, amusement and medical services for
travelers.
 Attractions are those occurrences or creations such as
scenery, climate, hot water spring, exceptional flora and
fauna, buildings and other architecture work.
 Scenes of historical importance, works of art, places of
enjoyment, and entertainment or happenings such as
festival, meetings, sport competitions in the natural or
human-made environment, that motivate people to travel.

4.  They are the main motivators for tourists trips and are
the core of the tourism product.
 Without attractions there would be no need for other
tourism services. Indeed tourism as such would not
exist if it were not for attractions.

5. TYPES OF TOURISM ATTRACTIONS
 There are two main types of attractions which can be
distinguished on the basis of their differences in origins.
 The first type is natural attraction that has evolved
without any intervention from human beings. For example
of this type of attraction are mountains, valleys, wild
animals and natural forest.
 The second type is the attraction that has been
constructed by human beings and that called human made
attraction that is the sole product of human being’s creative
endeavors. Human made attraction can further subdivided
as follows;

6. Tourist Attractions
6
CAWM
5/8/2023
Attractions
Natural
Attractions
(evolved
without any
intervention
from human
beings)
•Wildlife
•Mountains
•Beach
•valleys,
•natural forest
Man made
attractions
(constructed by
human beings)
•Culture
•Buildings
•Historical
buildings
•Ruins
•Sports
•festival,
•meetings,
Place, scene, occurrence attracting tourist attention

7. HUMAN (MAN) MADE ATTRACTIONS
 There are attractions that where never originally designed to
attracts tourist or visitors; as in some forms of architecture or
certain ceremonies and festivals.
 Other human made attraction are those attractions that
were specifically developed to attract tourist, such as casinos,
theme park and festivals such as the Olympic games and
Football world cup.

8. HUMAN MADE ATTRACTIONS
 Man-made features were as follows:
 ● Cultural – religion, modern culture, museums,
art galleries, architecture, archaeological sites.
 ● Traditions – folklore, animated culture,
festivals.
 ● Events – sports activities and cultural events.
 ASSIGNMENT: Write two (5) man made touristic
events done in our country. What were the
events? Where and when did they take place?
Who attended them? What were the advantages?

9. THE ROLES OF TOURISM ATTRACTION (skip)
 They motivate tourists as they attract them to travel from
different places and shift from their usually place for visiting
the attractions sites. People can visit different attractions for
different purposes like learning , leisure or research.
 They are a catalyst for development of infrastructure and
the supply side. This includes services and facilities to
support the attraction e.g. Hotels, transport facilities tour
operators and all associated job opportunities.
 Education about the attraction; as the tourists visit some
of destination sites with the attractions they will be educated
in one way or another example crater of Ngorongoro, they
learn about formation of crater. Perhaps they could not have
the knowledge before

10. ,
 Media images, tourism attractions can also bring media
image to the people from the source to the destination
visited. For example Mount Kilimanjaro which is the
highest mountain in Africa as an attraction will attracts
many tourists over the world to see and climb. They
receive information from magazine, newspaper, radio,
television, internet and websites
 Increased marketing, since marketing is about
managing profitable customer relationships. Attractions
can as well attracting new customers, retaining and
growing current customers. Example marketing on
handcraft industry is now increasing due to preference of
tourists buying their products such carving, printed
clothes.
.

11.  Provide jobs directly and indirectly; as
different people work in this attractions like in
protected areas, museum, galleries, gardens,
historical properties, accommodations, craft
jobs.
 All of this lead to provision of income.

12. Tourism product
 A tourism product can be defined as the sum
of the physical and psychological satisfaction
it provides to tourists during their travelling
en route to the destination.
 The tourist product focuses on facilities and
services designed to meet the needs of the
tourist.

13. Tourism product
 It can be seen as a composite product, as the
sum total of a country’s tourist attractions,
transport, and accommodation and of
entertainment which result in customer
satisfaction.
 Each of the components of a tourist product is
supplied by individual providers of services like
hotel companies, airlines, travel agencies, etc

14. Elements of Tourism Product
Attraction
Accessibility
Accommodation
Amenities

15. ATTRACTIONS
Attraction:
It is the main component of tourism
product.
Create desire and motivation to travel
Attract and attach tourists to participates in
the tourism activities.
May be natural attractions, man-made
attractions, event attractions, built-in
attractions and cultural and social
attractions.

16. ACCOMMODATIONS
 Accommodations:
 Elements within the destination or related to tour,
 Make it possible for visitors to stay overnight.
 Have been divided into two groups: service
accommodation and supplementary accommodation.
 Service accommodations are the hotels, lodges,
resorts, inns etc. operating as business enterprises
and provide house-keeping facilities.
 Supplementary accommodations are not registered
as tourism organizations but provide
accommodation facilities such as camping grounds,
Youth hostels, home-stays etc.

17. ACCESSIBILITY
Accessibility:
Affect the time value and dollar value of
a traveler .
Is related to the possibility to visit, to
feel, to see or to acquire the experience.
It is the time and money, and effort to
fulfill the desire created by attraction.
They include transport, government
regulations, travel facilities etc.

18. AMENITIES
 Amenities:
 Amenities are the services and facilities added with
attraction, accommodation and accessibility to create
tourism.
 A soul of tourism which gives life to tourism.
 Without amenities, a destination will be a place,
accommodation will be a local hotel, a transport will be
local transport etc.
 Tangible amenities can include the number and nature
of guest rooms and the provision of facilities such
as elevators (lifts), WiFi, restaurants, parks, pavilion,
welfare centre, swimming pools, health club facilities,
party rooms, theater or media rooms, bike
paths or garages.

19. ASSIGNMENT (GROUP)
List attractions, accommodation, accessibilities and amenities
as found in each destination
1. NCA
2. SENAPA
3. Tarangire National Park
4. Arusha
5. Tanzania
6. Nyerere National Park
7. Maswa Game Reserve
8. Gran Melia
9. Precision Air

20. Characteristics of Tourism Product

21. Characteristics of Tourism Product
1) Intangible
 Unlike a tangible product, say, a motor car or
refrigerator, The product here cannot be
seen or inspected before its purchase.
Instead, certain facilities, installations,
items of equipment are made available for a
specified time and for a specified use.
 For example, a seat in an aeroplane is
provided only for a specified time.

22. Intangible…
2) Psychological
 A large component of tourism product is the
satisfaction the consumer derives from its use.
 A tourist acquires experiences while interacting with
the new environment and his experiences help to
attract and motivate potential customers.

23. 3) Highly Perishable
 A travel agent or tour operator who sells a tourism
product cannot store it.
 Production can only take place if the customer is
actually present and once consumption begins, it
cannot be stopped, interrupted or modified.
 If the product remains unused, the chances are lost i.e.
if tourists do not visit a particular place, the
opportunity at that time is lost.
 It is due to this reason that heavy discount is offered by
hotels and transport generating organisations during
off season.

24. 4) Composite Product
 The tourist product cannot be provided by a single
enterprise unlike a manufactured product.
 The tourist product covers the complete experience of
a visit to a particular place and many providers
contribute to this experience.
 For instance, airline supplies seats, a hotel provides
rooms and restaurants, travel agents make bookings
for stay and sightseeing, etc.

25. 5) Absence of ownership
 When you buy a car, the ownership of the car is
transferred to you, but when you hire a taxi you buy
the right to be transported to a predetermined
destination at a predetermined price (fare).
 You neither own the automobile nor the driver of the
vehicle. Similarly, hotel rooms, airline tickets, etc. can
be used but not owned.
 These services can be bought for consumption but
ownership remains with the provider of the service. So,
a game drive can be enjoyed by viewing it, but the
wildlife cannot be owned.

26. 6) Heterogeneous
 Tourism is not a homogeneous product since it tends to
vary in standard and quality over time, unlike a T.V set or
any other manufactured product.
 A package tour can’t be consistent at all times. The reason
is that this product is a service and services are people
based.
 Due to this, there is variability in this product. All
individuals vary and even the same individual may not
perform the same every time.
 For instance, all air hostesses cannot provide the same
quality of service and even the same air hostess may not
perform uniformly in the morning and evening. Thus,
services cannot be standardised.

27. 7) Risky
The risk involved in the use of a tourism
product is heightened since it has to be
purchased before its consumption.
An element of chance is always present in
its consumption. Like, a beach holiday or
game drives might be disappointing due
to heavy rain.

28. 8) Unstable Demand
Tourism demand is influenced by seasonal,
economic political and others such factors.
There are certain times of the year which
see a greater demand than in other times.
At these times there is a greater strain on
services like hotel bookings, employment,
the transport system, etc.

29. 9) Marketable
 Tourism product is marketed at two levels.
• At the first level, national and regional organizations
engage in persuading potential tourists to visit the
country or a certain region.
• These official tourist organizations first create
knowledge of its country in tourist –generating markets
and persuade visitors in these markets to visit the
country.
• At the second level, the various individual firms
providing tourist services, market their own components
of the total tourist product to persuade potential tourists
to visit that region for which they are responsible.

30. Forms/Types of Tourism Product
 By now you must be aware of what a tourism product
is and what its peculiar features are. It is necessary to
understand the components of the tourist product
from the point of view of the consumer.
 The product for the tourist covers the complete
experience from the time he/she leaves home to the
time he/she returns.

31. 1. Natural Tourism Products
 These include natural resources such as areas, climate
and its setting, landscape and natural environment.
 Natural resources are frequently the key elements in a
destination’s attraction. For examples:
1) Scenic Attractions
2) Climate- temperature, rains, snowfall, days of sunshine
3) Natural Beauty- landforms, hills, rocks, gorges, terrain
4) Water- lakes, ponds, rivers, waterfalls, springs
5) Flora and Fauna
6) Wildlife
7) Beaches & Islands

32. 2. Man- Made Tourism Products
 Man- made tourism products are created by man for
pleasure, leisure or business.
 Man- made tourism products include:
a) Culture; Sites and areas of archaeological interest,
Historical buildings and monuments, Places of
historical significance, Museums and art galleries
b) Traditions; Pilgrimages, Fairs and festivals, Arts and
handicrafts, Dance, Music
c) Entertainment; Amusement and recreation parks,
Sporting events, Zoos, Cinemas and theatre
d) Business; conventions, conferences

33. 3. Symbiotic tourism products
 Some tourism products do not fall into the above
categories. Wildlife sanctuary, Marine parks, Aero
products and Water sports, Flower festivals are the
example of tourism products which are a blending of
nature and man.
 Nature has provided the resource and man has
converted them into a tourism product by managing
them.
 Yet the core attraction is still nature in this category of
product. These products are symbiosis of nature and
man. Examples; Paragliding, Safaris, Parachuting,
Ballooning, etc

34. 4. Event Based Tourism Products
 Where an event is an attraction, it as an event based tourist
product.
 Events attract tourists as spectators and also as participants
in the events, sometimes for both.

35. Site Based Tourism Products
 When an attraction is a place or site then it is called a
site based tourist product.
 Site attractions are permanent by nature, for example
Taj Mahal, The Great Wall of China, The Grand
Canyon in Arizona, Eiffel Tower, Statue of Liberty, etc.

36. Other Tourism Products
 Health Tourism
 Rural Tourism
 EcoTourism
 Spiritual Tourism
 Etc.

37. Physical attraction in promoting tourism
 Visitor attractions are at the heart of the tourism industry,
they are motivators that make people want to take a trip in
the first place.
 Visitor attractions may also play a crucial role in the
revitalization of an area or destination, one example of this
is the Guggenheim in Bilbao

38. Components of tourism products
 Attractions: It is the main component of tourism product.
Attractions are those elements, which determine the
choice of tourists. Attraction creates desire to travel,
motivate to travel. They should be able to attract and
attach so tourists participates in the tourism activities.
Attractions may be natural attractions, man-made
attractions, event attractions, built-in attractions and
cultural and social attractions.
 Accessibility: Access is a subject of transport
infrastructure and transport technology. Whilst transport
infrastructure includes airports, harbours, motor ways and
rail networks, transport technology becomes important in
the form of costs of travel and the time consumed in
reaching the destination.

39. Components of tourism products…
 Accommodation: These are elements within the
destination or related to tour, that make it possible for
visitors to stay overnight.
 For the purpose of classification, all
tourist accommodations have been divided into two
groups, service accommodation and supplementary
accommodation.
 Service accommodations are the hotels, lodges, resorts,
inns etc. operating as business enterprises and provide
house-keeping facilities.
 Supplementary accommodations are not registered as
tourism organization but provide accommodation
facilities such as Dharmasalas, camping grounds, Youth
hostels etc.

40. Components of tourism products…
 Accessibility: These are the elements that affect the time
value and money value of a traveler .
 It is related to the possibility to visit, to feel, to see or to
acquire the experience.
 It is the time and money, and effort to fulfill the desire
created by attraction.
 They include transport, government regulation, travel
facilities.
 Accessibility is not to have any travel barriers.

41. Components of tourism products…
 Amenities
 Amenities are the services and facilities added with attraction,
accommodation and accessibility to create tourism. Eg.
Swimming pool, socket, internet, personal lavatories etc
 It is the soul of tourism which gives life to tourism.
 Without amenities, a destination will be a place,
accommodation will be a local hotel, a transport will be local
transport etc.
 Other component of a tourism is image or goodwill of a
destination or organization. It strongly influence the customers'
buying decisions. Their expectations are closely linked with
satisfaction because they are considered as part of the product.

42. Components of tourism products…
 Affordability: This is the sixth ‘A’ but nonetheless very
important to attract tourists to the destination.
 Tourists should be able to afford the trip in terms of
transport costs, accommodation charges, entrance fees at
attractions and the number of days, which need to be spent
on travel and stay; i.e. they should be able to afford the
holiday in terms of time and money.
 Tour operators prepare package tours keeping affordability
in mind.
 These group tours work out cheaper than individuals
booking their own tickets and making itineraries for
themselves.