The constituents of the tourism industry range from small local businesses to multinational corporations. They include various forms of transportation, accommodation, catering, food, entertainment, travel agencies, tour operators, guides and government tourism departments. The primary constituents that are essential include transportation, accommodation, catering and food. Secondary constituents that indirectly support tourism include banks, insurance companies, shops, entertainment venues and more. Tourism comprises activities of people traveling and staying outside their home environment for business, leisure or other purposes. The key components that make a destination attractive to tourists are accessibility, accommodation, attractions and amenities.

1. prepared by
Subash Sapkota

2. CONSTITUENTS OF THE TOURISM INDUSTRY
The Constituents of the tourism industry are
varied ranging from small scale businesses
operating at local levels to multinationals.
For e.g.: a fast food counter at an airport is a
component of tourism industry, as is an
airline or a hotel for it has its own serving
purpose for the tourist. More over these
different components are closely linked to each
other. This linkage is there in spite of the
competition within one set of constituents.

3.  PRIMARY / MAJOR
CONSTITUENTS
 These are the essential
constituents.
 1.Transport: a travel
agent or a tour operator
should be in a position
to suggest a mode
of transport to his client.
Further, the travel
depends on the
availability of seats.
Today, the travel
industry with its various
branches in the areas of
road, rail, air & water.

4.  2.Accommodation
: a tourist not only
travels but also
stays somewhere. A
nd here comes in
accommodation. It
could be of
different type i.e.
from cottages or
tourist lodges to a
house boat or a five
star hotel.

5.  3.Catering, food &
entertainment:
 Food being a basic
necessity the role of
catering & food
comes into focus.
Restaurants fast food
joints & dhabas all
play roles in this
regard with different
cuisine to offer.

6.  Intermediaries:
 the intermediaries constitute
the travel agency,
tour operator & guide services. All
the components of tourism are co-
related by the travel agents /tour
operator who has accumulated
knowledge, expertise & contacts
with providers of services. He is a
useful & invaluable intermediary b
etween the traveler & the suppliers
of the tourist services i.e. airlines,
transport companies, hotels etc.
The guide services play a vital role
in tourism as a tourist feels
comfortable when the essence of
culture is explained – especially
when it is done in his own
language.

7.  5.Government
departments /
tourist information
centers / tourist
organizations: Many
national&
international
organizations related
to tourism form part
of the tourism
industry.

8. SECONDARY CONSTITUENTS
Today there are a variety of
services (formal & non
formal) that constitute the
tourism mix or are directly &
indirectly related to tourism.
For
e.g.: banks don’t come under t
he
tourism industry but they cate
r to tourist through travelers’
cheque or credit cards.
Similarly, insurance
companies offer short term
safety or accident policies to
tourist. Following are such
constituents:
 1.Shops & entertainment.
 2.Handicrafts & souvenirs.
 3.Local taxi / transportation.
 4.Hawkers & coolies.
 5.Communication services at
the destination.
 6.Advertisement agencies.
 7.Publishing industry which pu
blishes travel guides, brochures,
magazines, post cards etc.
 8.Artists, performers, musicians
who entertain the tourist.

13. Opportunities unlimited!
• Capital investment in Nepal’s travel and Tourism
sector is expected to grow at 8.8%between
2010 and 2019.
• Nepal’s travel and tourism sector will get an
estimated investment worth USD94.5 billion
by 2019.
• Nepal isprojected to becomethe 1st fastest
growingbusinesstravel destination
between 2010 and2019 with an estimated
real growth rate of 7.6 %.

15. Airlines
Airline ReservationAgent
Makesreservations for passengers,operates
a computer reservation system and keeps
appropriate records.
FlightAttendant
Assuresthe safety and comfort of
passengers during aflight.
RampAgent
Loadsand unloads cargo and baggage,
making certain that it gets to its destination.
SalesRepresentative
Promotes and sells to the public an
airline's various passengerand cargo
services.
TicketAgent
Sellstickets to airline passengersat airport
and city ticket offices.

16. Airport Assistant Manager
Airport Director of Community
Relations Airport Gift Shop Personnel
Airport Security
Air Traffic
Controller
BaggageHandler
Captain
Cleaning Crew
District Sales
Manager Food
Services
International Pricing
Analyst Mechanic
Meet andAssist
Personnel Passenger
ServiceAgent Pilot
Promotion/Advertising/Marketi
ng Public Relations

17. ConventionMeeting andConvention Planner
Arrangesall travel and accommodations
for special events, meetings and
conventions.
Convention andMeeting
Planning Occupations
Assistant Director
Convention and Visitors
Bureau Director of
Conventional Sales Director
of EventServices Events
Coordinator
Executive Director
Information
Officer
OperationsAgent
Outside SalesRepresentative
Sales
Promotion/Marketing/Advertising

18. Cruise Lines
CruiseAssistant
Assistscruise director, working "16 -hour
days" to plan entertainment, activities and
ship social life.
CruiseDirector
Supervisesassistants and social directors and
is responsible for all phasesof acruise
except food, transportation and
accommodations.
Support Staff
Works in gift shop, housekeeping,
maintenance, day care or food
service.

19. Travel Agency
Corporate Travel Manager
Manages the travel arrangements within
a company.
OutsideSalesAgent/Independent
Contractor Schedulespassengertravel, both
corporate and vacation, yet does not work
set daysand is paid commissiononly.
TravelAgent
Schedulespassengertravel, both corporate
and vacation, and provides special services
as needed.

20. Additional TravelAgency Occupations
Accountant
Agency
Manager
AgencyOwner
Bookkeeper
CommercialAccount
Specialist Corporate Travel
Manager
FileClerk
Foreign and Domestic Itinerary
(FIT/DIT) Specialist/Technician
Incentive TravelSpecialist
Meeting and Convention
Planner
Restaurant(Owner, Manager,
Chef) Travel Counsellor

21. Tourism
 ReservationAgent
 Makes reservations for tours, answers questions
regarding product, and makes recommendations.
 TourEscort
 Accompanies travellers on escorted tours while handling
all the details to assure a pleasant
 and hassle-free vacation.
 Requires foreign language skills

22. AdditionalTourism Occupations
Chamber of
Commerce
Document Agent
Group SalesSpecialist
Hotel/Air Negotiator
Hotel Guest Services
Hotel TravelDesk
Operator Local
SightseeingAgent
National Tourism Office
Promotion/Marketing/Advertisin
g RegionalSalesManager
Reservations Manager
RetailTour
Operator/Owner Sales
Representative
StateTravelOffice
Tourist Bureau
Positions Tour
Coordinator
TourEscort/Step-On

25. Tourism comprise the activities of
persons traveling to staying in places
out side their usual environment for not
more than one consecutive year for the
purpose of leisure, business and other
purposes.

26. Accessibility (Reachability /
Transportation
Accommodation
Attraction (Local)
* Amenities

27. Accessibility
Air
Railway
Sea
Attraction
Monuments
Museums
Zoo
Rivers
Beaches
Art Galleries
Hill Stations
Natural Attractions
Accommodation
Hotel
Motels
Inns
Guest Hotels
Youth Hotels
Resort Hotels
Circuit Hotels
Hetitage Hotels
Farm Houses
Road
Camping sites & etc
Man made lake & etc

28. Accessibility means reachability
to the place of destination
through various means of
transportation. Transportation
should be regular, comfortable,
economical and safe.
Today there are various means of
transportation like airlines,
railways, surface and water
transportation.
The transportation should be
there for all kinds of tourists and
destinations.

29. It is a place where
tourists can find food
and shelter provided
he/she is in a fit
position to pay for it.
There are various types
of accommodation from
a seven star deluxe
hotel to a normal
budget class hotel.

30. Attraction means anything that
creates a desire in any person
to travel in a specific tourist
destination or attraction.
The locale may be used to include
the holiday destination and what it
offers to the tourist.
The holiday destination may offer
natural attractions.
Fashion is an important factor in
the demand for various tourist
attractions and amenities. The
tourist who visits a particular place
for its natural beauty may decide to
visit some other attractions due to a
change in fashion.

31. Facilities are very essential for
any tourist centre. Amenities
encourage to spent more time
to the tourist at the destination.
They are considered
necessary aid to the tourist
centre. For a seaside resort
facilities like
*Entertainment :swimming,
boating, yachting surf riding and
such other facilities like deeming
recreations
*Communication: Internet, Email,
fax, Telephone,
*Banking: ATM, Money changing,
Credit/debit card.
•Ticketing facilities ( Air, train, bus
etc.)