Tourism has wide-ranging impacts on communities. It can generate income and employment, but also put pressure on local resources and culture. Positively, tourism facilitates infrastructure development and poverty reduction. However, it may also cause overcrowding, pollution, and cultural changes. A balanced approach is needed to maximize economic benefits while minimizing social and environmental costs.

1. IMPACTS OF TOURISM
BTCCC

2. INTRODUCTION
• Tourism is an economic activity that has a significant impact on the economic condition of the host country
and tourist’s home country.
• It create ample income opportunities for the community in and around the destinations
• This dynamic sector helps generate direct and indirect income for skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled people.
• The flow of tourist brings in the massive changes in terms of the growth of GDP, per capital income, and
foreign exchange earnings from exports.
• It facilitates huge infrastructure and superstructure development.
• Revenue flows through tourist expenditure and reaches to bottom of society at a faster rate.
• The bright side of tourism is development, poverty eradication and employment generation.

3. CONCEPT OF TOURISM IMPACT
• The impact of tourism is the outcome of tourism development in an area.
• Positive impact includes rising income, employment, multiplier effect,
higher GDP growth, reduction of balance of payment deficits and poverty
alleviation.
• The impact can either be positive or negative
• The negative impact includes displacement effect, demonstration effect,
carrying capacity issues and environmental issues.

4. TYPES OF TOURISM IMPACTS
SOCIAL CULTURAL IMPACTS
ECONOMIC IMPACTS
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

5. SOCIAL- CULTURAL IMPACTS
• Tourism as a force for peace. Travelling brings people into contact with
each other, because of this people develop mutual understanding and
reduce their prejudices. Also sympathy and understanding can lead to
decrease of tension in the world thus contribute to peace.
• Strengthening communities. Through festivals of which residents have
been the primary participants and spectators are often rejuvenated and
developed in response to tourist interest. Jobs created by tourism can act
as vital incentives to reduce emigration from rural areas.

6. SOCIAL CULTURAL IMPACT CONT…..
• Facilities developed for tourism can benefit residents. Benefits can include upgraded
infrastructure, health and transport improvement. New sport and recreational facilities,
restaurants and public spaces as well as an influx of better-quality commodities and food.
• Preservation for culture and traditions. Tourism can boost the preservation and
transmission of cultural and historical traditions which often contribute to the conservation
and sustainable management, protection of local heritage and revitalization of indigenous
cultures, cultural arts and crafts.
• Tourism encourage civic involvement and pride. Tourism helps raise local awareness of the
financial value of cultural sites and can stimulate a feeling of pride in local and national
heritage and interest in its conservation.

7. NEGATIVE SOCIO CULTURAL IMPACTS
• Culture clashes
• Job level friction
• Demonstration effects
• Standardization
• Commodification
• acculturation

8. ECONOMIC IMPACTS
Generate income to the government and individuals
Generate foreign exchange
Provision of employment
Contribute to the balance of payment since it is an export business
Improve the economic structure
Improve the infrastructure facilities

9. NEGATIVE ECONOMIC IMPACTS
• Inflation- the general increase of price of commodities.
• Leakages – this usually occurs when the majority of the tourist
facilities are owned and managed by foreigners example of
such facilities include airlines, accommodation and other
services.

10. ENVIROMENTAL IMPACTS
• Enhance natural resources conservation and environmental protection/quality. Income from tourism can finance conservation
activities and promote conservation.
• Preservation and rehabilitation of existing historical sites, buildings and monuments. Tourism that focuses on cultural and historic
sites can be the impetus for preservation of such sites.
• Make wise use of marginal lands such as mountains and deserts. The scenic beauty, snow-covered mountains and vast desert
landscapes make these areas valuable for tourism activities as they offer unique tourist experiences.
• Raising environmental awareness. Tourism has the potential to increase public appreciation to the environment because it bring
people to the closer contact with nature and environment.
• Provides incentives for the conservation. This is because of the economic benefits resulting from tourism activities. Example
contribution of tourism in community development projects make people appreciative of the value of conservation.

11. NEGATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
• Land and natural resources degradation. Increased construction
of tourism and recreational facilities on scenic landscape has
increased pressure both on land and resources.
• Pollution. Tourism can cause many forms of pollution as follows
i. aesthetic pollution( visual pollution). Providing tourist
services can alter the landscape’s appearance because some
tourism fails to integrate its structures with the natural features
and indigenous architecture of the destination.

12. NEGATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
CONT…
i. Water pollution- through construction of tourist infrastructure and recreational boating.
Tourist infrastructure increase the pressure on existing sewage treatment plans and can
lead to overflows during peak tourist times.wastewater pollutes seas and lakes
surrounding tourist attractions, damaging the flora and fauna.
ii. Land pollution- this includes solid waste and littering. In areas with high concentration of
tourist activities and appealing natural attractions. Improper disposal can pollute the
natural environment, rivers, scenic areas and roadsides.
iii. Air and noise pollution-one consequence of the increase in air transport is that tourism
now accounts for more than 60% of air trave and is therefore responsible for significant
share of air emissions leading to climate change. Noise pollution from airplanes, cars
and busses as well as recreational vehicles such as snow mobile sand jet skis is a
problem of modern life.

13. NEGATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
CONT…
• Pressure on local resources. Such pressure include water and food that may already be in
short supply. Due to seasonal character of the industry many destinations have many more
inhabitatsin the high season than in the low season hence high demand is placed upon such
resources to meet tourist demand.
• Loss of biodiversity through- tourists using the same trail over and over again crush the
vegetation and eventually lead to loss of biodiversity.
• Loss of natural landscape and open space. Without proper planning, natural landscape and
open space can be lost of biodiversity.