This course aims to enhance your knowledge and skills about the research process, step by step. Thus, the research steps (topics) will be presented in a separated presentation. This is the first topic (introduction about the research process), that you have to read first before going to the next topic or slides (topic 2).

1. Naglaa Youssef (PhD)
Associate professor
Cairo University
Research : away of thinking
(Topic-1)

2. Introduction
 Research methodology is taught as a supporting
subject in many academic disciplines such as health,
education, psychology, social work, nursing, public
health,….etc. although these disciplines vary in
content, their broad approach to a research inquiry
is similar.
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1st Topic
 Class intended learning outcomes (ILOs)
 Definition of research
 Purpose of research
 Characteristics of research
 Types of research
 Research process

4.  The aim of this class is to introduce you to
the basic of research method in terms of:
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Definition
Application
Characteristics
Steps of research
Aim of this lesson

5.  By the end of this lecture the you will be able to:
 Define research.
 Describe the application of research.
 Indicate the characteristics of research.
 List types of research.
 Differentiate between types of research approach.
 Distinguish between types of research according to objective.
 Arrange steps of research process in terms of planning and conducting in
logic sequence.
 Actively participate in class discussions and activities.
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ILOs of this lesson

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Research is ‘’a process of enquiry
and investigation the problem
systematically that aims to solve
practical problems and increase
knowledge’’.
Research! What does it mean?

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Is a way of thinking
‘’examining critically the
various aspects of your
professional work,
understanding and formulating
guiding principles that
administer a particular
procedure, and developing and
testing new theories for the
enhancement of practice’’.
Kumar 2005
What does it mean?

8. The purpose of research
 Investigate existing situations or problems
(prevalence of HCV)
 Provide solutions to problems (new treatment for
HCV)
 Construct or create new procedures or systems
(DFU and neuropathy…. monofilament)
 Explain new phenomenon (violence of parents e.g.
Killing their children)
 Generate new knowledge (define a new concept)
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Albert was a physiologist who won
the Nobel Prize in Physiology or
Medicine in 1937. He is credited
with discovering vitamin C and the
components and reactions of the
citric acid cycle.

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14. Importance of research in our life
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Computer-aided detection (CAD) technology is a recent
advance in the field of breast imaging.

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Researc
h
Characte
ristics
5.
Controll
ed
6.
Empirica
l
1.
Critical
2. Valid
&
verifiabl
e
3.
Rigorou
s
4.
Systema
tic

16.  Does obesity cause diabetes?
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Obesity Diabetes
Life
style
Genetic
Age
Gender
Stress
level
Other
chronic
disease
Controlling other variables during conducting your research
Back
Give example
e.g. medical effect

17. Systematic research
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I will follow this road
(procedure) during
conducting my
research.
Back

18. Rigorous
 The method of your research should be:
 Justified,
 Relevant, and
 Appropriate.
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Back

19. Valid & verifiable
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Back

20. Critical
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The procedure, process
or method adopted must
have a strong evidence
of its accuracy and
relevancy to answering
your research question.
Back

21. Empirical
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Types of research
Inquiry mode
Approach
Quantitative
Qualitative
Application
Pure (basic)
research
Applied research
Objectives
Descriptive
Explanatory
Correlational

23.  This research type concerns the research approach or method
you adopt to find answers to your research question.
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Describe
systematically
a concept,
phenomena,
event,
situation,
attitude…..etc.
(What)
Descriptive
research
Test the
relationship
between two or
more concepts.
(who, when,
where….etc.)
Correlational
research
To clarify and
explain why
and how there
is a
relationship
between the
studied
concepts or
variables.
Explanatory
research

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How many patients admit to the hospital due
to medication error?
What is the common cause of frequent
hospitalization among elderly people?
Why do some people/patients have a particular
condition/complain whereas others do not?
How effective a specific medication, procedure
or intervention in health outcomes?
Is there a relationship between gender and
study performance?
What are the health needs of chronically ill
people e.g. patients with cancer?

27. Research process
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 Why you collected certain data
 What data you collected
 Where you collected it
 How you collected it
 How you analyzed it
 How to present the results
Stage 1:
Research
planning
Step I:
Formulating a
research
problem
Step II:
Conceptualising
a research
design
Step III:
Constructing an
instrument for
data collection
Step IV:
Selecting a
sample
Step V: writing a
research
proposal
Stage1

28. conducting
the research
planning
Step VI:
Collecting data
Step VII:
Processing
data
Step VIII:
Writing a
research report
Research process
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Stage2

29. Self-activity
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Step-1Select topic
• Select any research article in your field.
Step-2Read
• Read this paper and find the research steps in this
selected article.
Step-3Conclude
• Summarise its components.

30. Wait for the 2nd topic of this
course to build up your
research skills step-by-
step.
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