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2. STEEL & ITS
TYPES
Present by: Malaika Bajwa
Reg. no: CHEN222501001
Present to: Engr. Dr. Umair Azhar

3. TABLE OF
CONTENTS
Steel
Types of steel
Uses

4. What is steel?
 Steel is basically an alloy of iron and carbon with a small percentage of other
metals such as nickel, chromium, aluminum, cobalt, molybdenum, tungsten
etc.
 Steel is a hard , ductile and malleable solid and is probably the most solid
material after plastic and iron.
 There are many different types of steel classified on the basis of metal used
and the percentage content of the metal in the particular type of steel.

5. Main Types of steel
Four
main
types of
steel
Carbon
steel
Stainless
steel
Alloy
steel
Tool
steel

6. Carbon steel looks dull, matte-like,
and is known to be vulnerable to
corrosion. Overall, there are three
subtypes to this one: low, medium, and
high carbon steel, with low containing
about .30% of carbon, medium .60%,
and high 1.5%.
Alloy steel, which is a mixture of
several different metals, like nickel,
copper, and aluminum. These tend to be
more on the cheaper side, more
resistant to corrosion and are favored
for some car parts, pipelines, ship hulls,
and mechanical projects.

7. Tool steel is famous for being hard and
heat resistant. The name is derived
from the fact that they are very
commonly used to make metal tools,
like hammers. For these, they are made
up of things like cobalt, molybdenum,
and tungsten, and that is the underlying
reason why tool steel has such
advanced durability and heat resistance
features..
Stainless steel are probably the most
well-known type. This type is shiny and
generally has around 10 to 20%
chromium, which is their main alloying
element. Because of their easy
manipulation, flexibility, and quality,
stainless steel can be found in surgical
equipment, home applications etc.

8. Types of steel
High carbon
steel
Mild steel Medium
Carbon steel
Stainless Steel Cobalt steel
Nickel
Chromium
Aluminum Chromium
plated steel
High speed
steel

9. Types (Contd.)
High carbon steel
• Simply composed of iron
and carbon with a more
percentage of carbon in it
than iron.
• The presence of excess
carbon make this type of
steel is softer than the
other type of steel which
contain some percentage of
other elements as well.
Mild carbon steel
• The mild carbon
steel is just like the
high carbon steel
simply composed of
iron and carbon
but it has a very
low content of
carbon in it.
Medium carbon
steel
• The medium carbon
steel contains
normal content of
carbon that means
they are not hard as
the high carbon and
neither thy are
strong as the mild
carbon steel.

10. Types (Contd.)
Stainless steel
• Stainless steel is the most
resistant and commonly used
steel of all the types. It apart
from carbon also contains 11%
chromium and some amount of
nickel.
• Although all the types of steel are
generally resistant to rust and
corrosion, but SS resistant to any
sort of external attack.
Cobalt steel
• Cobalt is much like
the high speed steel
with an excess of
cobalt in it.
• It might not be hard
as the high speed
steel but it can drill
certain type of
metals too.
Nickel
Chromium
steel
• Nickel-
chromium steel,
stainless-steel
type containing
22% chromium,
12% nickel, and
some
molybdenum.

11. Types (Contd.)
Aluminum
• Aluminized steel is a steel
that has been hot-dip coated
on both sides with
aluminum-silicon alloy.
• This process assures a tight
metallurgical bond between
the steel sheet and its
aluminum coating,
producing a material with a
unique combination of
properties possessed neither
by steel nor by aluminum
alone.
Chromium steel
• Chromium
steels are types of
steel, with which
iron can be alloyed
with chromium. It
hardens steel and
increases the
resistance of steel to
corrosion, especially
at high
temperatures.
High speed
steel
• High speed steel
is an alloy of
following
metals
tungsten, cobalt
molybdenum or
chromium and
also contains
high carbon
content (0.8-
1.5% ).

12. Uses
High carbon steel Mild steel Medium carbon steel
 Used in the wood cutting
tools because they can
be sharpened easily.
 common types of
products made of carbon
steel include springs,
bolts, kitchen knives,
wires, cables, bridges,
ball bearings and
airplane components.
 Mild steel is ductile,
highly formable, and
can be used for
automobile body
parts, plates, and wire
products.
 These steels are mainly
used for making shafts,
axles, gears, crankshafts,
couplings, and forgings.

13. Uses (Contd.)
Stainless steel Cobalt plated steel Nickel Chromium
 Stainless steel is
commonly used in kitchen
accessories, cutlery, and
cookware. From knife
blades with sharp edges to
molded shapes like
cookers, grills, sinks,
saucepans.
 Stainless steel tanks are
regularly used to hold
corrosive substances such
as chemicals, gases, and
many other bulk materials,
including food and water.
 It is used for
machining pre-
hardened high-
strength steels, high-
hardness alloys and
nonferrous super
alloys used in the
aerospace, oil, and
power generation
industries.
 Nickel–chromium alloys
are mainly used in the
form of wires for
electrical heating and for
making heat resistant
parts in situations where
mechanical
considerations are low.

14. Uses (Contd.)
Aluminum Chromium Steel High speed steel
 Power lines
 High-rise buildings
 Window frames
 Consumer electronics
 Household and industrial
appliances
 Aircraft components
 Spacecraft components
 Ships
 Trains
 Personal vehicles
 used for high pressure
and temperature.
 It is used in oil and
gas, energy,
construction and the
automotive industries
because of its
corrosion resistance
and high-temperature.
 The main use of high-
speed steels continues to
be in the manufacture of
various cutting tools like
drills, taps, milling
cutters, tool bits, gear
cutters, saw blades, etc.