Main device in Pathology department to process tissue

1. Medical Device presentation on
Course Title:-Tissue processing Machine
Model:- Leica TP1020
Venue:-Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital
Hawasaa,Ethiopia
Date:-2/22/2023

2. Introduction To Tissue Processor
• Purpose of Device
-A device intended for use in the histology laboratory to
process the tissues taken from the body for diagnosis of
disease processes and to produce microscopic slides that can
be viewed under the microscope.
-A tissue processor is used to prepare tissue samples for
analysis by fixing, staining, dehydrating or decalcifying them.
-The processors are mostly single unit devices that can
accommodate a variety of processing techniques to suit the
different needs of the laboratory, therefore improving the
efficiency of tissue processing

3. Figurative description about the device

4. Rear side of the device

5. Introduction…
• Device’s fundamental functional principle
-The basic principle of tissue processor is to transfer the tissue in
different fluid for a specified time in a desired environment. So far,
there are two types of tissue processor.
1.Tissue transfer processor
• Here, the bucket of tissue is transferred from a carousel to other after a
specified time. There are also several containers of reagents.

6. Cont…
• The tissue remains in a basket which contains 30-100 cassettes.
• The basket containing the tissue is then submerged in the specific
containers for a particular time which is automatically transferred to the
next container.
• A gentle agitation is created by rotatory movement or vertical oscillation
of the tissue in the basket which causes a continuous removal of fluid
from the surface by fresh medium.

7. Cont...
• A microprocessor determines the time schedule and transfer of tissue in
each container.
• A gentle agitation is created by vertical oscillation or by rotatory
movement of the tissue basket.

8. Cont...
2. Fluid transfer processor
-This is a closed system processor where tissues are kept in the container.
-The container is periodically filled with particular fluid.
-The fluid is pumped out from the container containing the tissue after a
certain period.
-The container is again filled with the fluid required for the next step. The
fluid transfer processor has some advantages such as the vacuum pressure
that makes the system faster and efficient and there is no chance for tissue
drying.

9. Device’s fundamental functional principle
• Tissue processing
-It is concerned with the diffusion of various substances into
and out of porous tissues.
-Diffusion results from the tendency of processing reagents to
equalize concentrations both inside and outside blocks of
tissue.
-The reagent molecules diffuse down a concentration gradient
and move from where they are at a high concentration to
where they are at a lower concentration.

10. Cont…
-This movement requires no energy since it always
progresses down the concentration gradient.

11. Cont…
• The rate of diffusion is measured by Fick’s law which states that

12. Introduction…
• General Set-up and Requirements
-Activating the vacuum function(instruments with the vacuum function
only)
- Press ARROW RIGHT to move to the next entry position, the cursor
blinks at the two positions next to the ‘V’ for vacuum function
- To activate the vacuum, press PLUS

13. Cont…
-To deactivate the vacuum press MINUS
-Selecting infiltration times per station
-Press ARROW RIGHT to move to the next entry position ,the cursor blinks
at the entry digits
-

14. Cont…
-Press PLUS or MINUS respectively to enter the hours.
- To move the cursor to the next digit for data entry, push the ARROW
RIGHT key, the cursor flashes on both digits destined for entering the
minutes
- Press the PLUS or MINUS to enter the minutes.

15. Cont…
-Displaying total program duration.
-Once a program is set up, total run time can be displayed.
- Press CLOCK to display the total run time of the program.

16. Cont…
-The total duration displayed here is 1 day , 0hours and 12 minutes.
-To quit the total run time indication , press CLOCK.
-To end programming you have to leave the programming mode.
-Press PROG to quit programming.

17. Servicing Technician related knowledge
Iteration of functional Principles and Device set-up
- The principle of tissue processing is designed to remove all extractable
water from the tissue, replacing it with a support medium that provides
sufficient rigidity to enable sectioning of the tissue without damage or
distortion.
-The principle is based on the use of chemicals dehydrate and clear the
tissue so that it can be embedded into molten paraffin wax which stands
as a support medium for the tissue in order to easy sectioning

18. Iteration of functional Principles and
Device set-up…
DEHYDRATION
- The first stage in tissue processing is dehydration (the removal of water).
In tissues, water is present in both free and bound forms and needs to be
removed before processing can continue.
-Dehydration is usually carried out using alcohols (such as ethanol) but
these can dissolve certain cellular components such as lipids.
-Although dehydration can also cause tissue shrinkage, the stage is
necessary in all infiltration methods, except where tissues are supported
by an aqueous embedding medium (such as water-soluble waxes).

19. Iteration of functional Principles and Device
set-up…
2. CLEARING
-Clearing is the transition step between dehydration and infiltration with
the embedding medium.
-The term clearing arises because some solvents have a high refractive
index.
-When dehydrated tissues are placed into these reagents, they are
rendered transparent. This property is used to determine the endpoint and
duration of the clearing step since the presence of opaque areas indicates
incomplete dehydration

20. 3. Infiltration and embedding
3.1 Infiltration
-This is the saturation of tissue cavities and cells by a supporting
substance which is generally the medium in which they are finally
embedded.
-The most common agent of choice is paraffin wax which is molten
when hot and solid when cold.
-An infiltrating and embedding medium should ideally be molten
between 30°C and 60°C and suitable for sectioning.
-Additionally, the properties of the medium should be similar to those
of the tissues to be sectioned with regard to density and elasticity.

21. Infiltration and embedding…
-Additionally, the properties of the medium should be similar to those of
the tissues to be sectioned with regard to density and elasticity
-The use of vacuum infiltration is often used to help complete
impregnation of tissues with wax.
-This is carried using a molten wax or other medium under reduced
pressure. Vacuum assistance helps to not only reduce the time tissues are
subjected to heat but it also assists in the complete removal of any
remaining solvent.

22. Infiltration and embedding…
3.2. Embedding
-Paraffin embedding is the standard method used in histology laboratories
to produce blocks of tissue for section cutting (microtomy).
-This process is usually carried out using an embedding center and involves
surrounding the tissues by a medium such as paraffin wax which when
cooled and solidified will provide sufficient support for section cutting or
microtomy.

23. Tissue Processing Cycle
https://slideplayer.com/slide/9288238/

24. Identification of functional assemblies
and components
-These processors are characterized by the transfer of tissues, contained
within a basket, through a series of stationary reagents arranged in-line or
in a circular carousel plan.
-The rotary or carousel is the most common model of automatic tissue
processor, and is provided with 9-10 reagent and 2-3 wax positions, with a
capacity of 30-110 cassettes depending upon the model.
-Fluid agitation is achieved by vertical oscillation or rotary motion of the
tissue basket. Processing schedules are card-notched, pin or touch pad
programmed

25. Identification of functional assemblies and
components…
-These processors allow maximum flexibility in the choice of reagents and
schedules that can be run on them.
-These machines have a rapid turn-around time for day or night
processing.
-In more recent models the tissue basket is enclosed within an integrated
fume hood during agitation and transfer cycles thus overcoming the
disadvantages of earlier styles.

26. Maintenance and Troubleshooting
Warnings and precautions
All the maintenance work should be performed after cut-off the machines
power.
-Everyone should realize that some components of the tissue processor
may be in danger of infection when dismantled and cleaned.
-Do not try to touch the machine while it is processing.

27. Maintenance and Troubleshooting …
• General precautions:
-Take care when using to avoid hot surface areas as they may cause
burns
-Avoid contact with hot wax as it may cause burns.
-Always validate that a sufficient amount of wax and stock chemicals are
within the stock tank and bottles.

28. Maintenance and Troubleshooting …
• Safety
• Personal Protective Equipment
(PPE):
-Lab coat or gown
-Fully closed shoes
-Gloves
-Safety glasses as required
https://www.clinicallab.com/proper-use-of-personal-
protective-equipment-in-the-lab-256

29. Maintenance and Troubleshooting …
• Cleaning preparation
-Lift the carousel in the manual processing mode.
-Remove all station containers from the platform.
-Disconnect the wax bath plugs, slightly lift the wax
bath lids and remove the paraffin containers.

30. Maintenance and Troubleshooting …
• Validate the wax is fully melted before usage
• Clean all tissues from the machine upon completion of its usage.
• Take care when obtaining new metal rack from within the path centre as
they may contain melted wax, even when in the storage area.

31. Cleaning …
-Remove residual paraffin from the station holders, lid seals and lid
holders.
-Use a soft plastic spatula for removing the paraffin.
-Use a moist cleaning cloth to clean platform, lacquered instrument
surfaces and control panel.
-Clean the rims of the glass or aluminum reagent containers and of the
wax baths.

32. Cont…
-The glass containers are dishwasher-safe, never clean the aluminum
containers in an automatic dishwasher.
-Cleaning the Plexiglas fume containment shields of instruments with
fume control system.
-When cleaning the instrument, no liquid may enter in contact with any of
the electrical connections or the interior of the instrument.

33. Maintenance Schedule
Activity Maintenance Frequency Type of Maintenance
Replacing Mop up reagents Immediately after their expired date Replacing
Replacing Fuse When the old ones are burned. Replacing
Clean the rims of the glass or
aluminum reagent containers and of
the wax baths
Daily Cleaning
Clean the aluminum containers by
hand with mild household
detergents.
Daily Cleaning
Replace activated carbon filters. Every four months. Replacing
clean the
carousel axle with a cleaning cloth
and subsequently apply a thin coat
of machine oil.
Monthly Cleaning and greasing

34. Parts of Circuit board and their functions
• Horpos Board
-The light barriers located in this component transmit signals to the control
electronics.
-It enable the instrument to localize the horizontal movement of the
containers.
-The code disk is the corresponding sensing device.

35. Parts of Circuit board and their functions …
Verpos Board
- The light barriers located in this component transmit signals to the
control electronics.
-It enable the instrument to localize the vertical position of the
container at the given moment.
-Loading position or the two vertical end points of the continuous up
and down movement

36. • Code Disk
-The movement of the code disk is congruous to the container movement
.
-The corresponding position signals are generated on the Horpos
components ,and from there transmitted to the control electronics
Parts of Circuit board and their functions …

37. • Control Electronics board
-It contains power supply +15v which supply for the electronics, with -5v
for the control panel contrast. With motor electronics which switch the
drive motor in to different modes operation e.g. Lift ,break, stop …
-With the motor voltage and with the distribution voltage for fume
extraction ,magnetic valves and vacuum pumps.
-Sensing the wax bath function, If a connected wax is heated
corresponding signal is transmitted to the control board, and once the
paraffin is molten another signal is transmitted.
-Transmit signals back and forth for verpos and Horpos boards.
Parts of Circuit board and their functions …

38. Troubleshooting and Approaching Technique
S/No Warning code Couse Solution
1 Warning code
W:01, W:02, W:03
in manual pro-
cessing mode
Paraffin in wax bath stations
10/11/12
still solid.
-To quit the warning code, press any key.
-Check if the paraffin is really molten.
-If you find that the paraffin is molten, pause the
automatic processing cycle and - in the manual
processing mode - by pressing KEY and the
corresponding ARROW button
simultaneously, lower the basket into the wax bath or
lift it out of the wax bath.
2 Warning code
"W:04" "W:05"
"W:06"
Total duration of program from
start until the basket reaches the
first wax bath is less than 8 hours.
Paraffin in stations 10/11/12
possibly still solid upon arrival
of tissue basket.
Check if there is sufficient time for the paraffin to liquefy
completely until the basket arrives at the wax bath.
-If this is not ensured, fill the wax bath with molten
paraffin.
- To override / quit the warning code, press KEY and
START simultaneously.

39. Cont...
S/No Error Code Root Couse Solution
1 Error code "E:01" RAM battery Defective or Empty Exchange batteries
2 Error code
"E:03"
-A movement is not carried out as scheduled.
-Mechanical stillness/Jammed
-Optosensers Dirty
-Defective Motor
-Horpos Board Defective
-Control electronics board defective
-Clean optosensers
-Change defective motor .
-Exchange rotation sensing device.
-Exchange control electronics board
3 Error code "E:04" -Error in vertical sensor mechanism (Drive)
-Dirty Optosensor
-Verpos bored defective
-Control electronics board defective
-Clean Optosensers
-Exchange Verpos board
-Exchange control electronics board.
4 Error Code “E:05” -Error in rotation sensing mechanism
-Dirty Optosensor
-Horpos board defective
-Verpos bored defective
-Control electronics board defective
-Clean optosensers
-Exchange Horpos boaard
-Exchange Verpos board
-Exchange control electronics board.

40. Cont…
S/No Error Code Couse Solution
5 Error code "E:7" -Battery in timer component is empty
-Timer component empty or defective
component type :DS12887
- Exchange defective Timer component.
6 Error code "E:08" -Wax bath one not connected or
defective or connected with wrong
socket.
-Excess temperature cut-off activated
-Control electronics board defective
-Connect wax bath 1, exchange if necessary, check
socket.
-Disconnect from mains and let it cool.
-Exchange defective electronic bored.
7 Error code "E:09" -Wax bath number 2 is not connected
or defective.
-Wax number 2 cut-off temperature
activated.
-Control electronics board defective
-Connect wax bath 2 ,exchange if necessary, check
socket.
-Disconnect from mains and let it cool.
-Exchange defective electronic bored.

41. Cont…
S/No Error Code Couse Solution
8 Error code "E:10" - Wax bath number 3 is not connected
or defective.
-Wax number 3 cut-off temperature
activated.
-Control electronics board defective
-Connect wax bath3,exchange if necessary, check
socket.
-Disconnect from mains and let it cool.
-Exchange defective electronic bored.
9 Error code "E:11" - Processer data lost.
-Battery-buffered RAM defective
-EMV Problem
-Exchange battery
battery type :M48Z30
For further specification contact manufacturer
10 Error code "E:13" - Implausible data entry - Check data entry, alter settings if necessary .

42. Troubleshooting(Common Problems)
• Power Failure
-It is displayed when power is restored after a power failure, but only if the
processing cycle in progress has been impaired by the power failure.
-In case of a prolonged power failure the tissue can be removed from the
instrument manually and also be re- located to the next station by entirely
manual operation.
-Once the power is restored, processing will be resumed as programmed.
Possible impairment of the processing cycle through the interruption is
displayed.

43. Cont…
• Exchanging Fuse
-First unplug the equipment from source.
-Pull out locking devices and fuse holder at the rear side of the device
-Exchange fuses
-Make sure the right voltage is selected.
-Make sure the fuse current is compatible.

44. Thank you!